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Globalization of News: A Theoretical Evaluation

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 77 - 92, 01.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.372055

Öz

Globalization of news dates back to the 19th
century. Concentration of news gathering and distribution process in the hands
of few international news agencies is criticised for homogenisation of international
news, one-way news flow from the developed countries to the developing
countries, serving to the national interests of Western countries, having power
to determine the international agenda and reinforcing the asymmetrical power
relations between countries, thereby justifying the media imperialism thesis.
However, there are some views opposing to these criticisms, claiming that the
local media organisations domesticate international news to meet the tastes and
interests of local audience, that today the global news does not flow in
one-way from the West to the East and from the North to the South, instead
there is a contra-flow thanks to the non-Western news actors like Al Jazeera,
that digital technologies multiplied the news alternatives for news consumers
and made each citizen with a smart phone a potential correspondent, thereby
creating a pluralist news atmosphere. By reconsidering these views, each of
which underlines a different part of the same whole, this article intends to
provide an insight into the global background of the current news geography
.

Kaynakça

  • ARCHETTI, C. (2008). News Coverage of 9/11 and the Demise of the Media Flows, Globalization and Localization Hypotheses. International Communication Gazette, 70(6), 463-495.
  • ARCHETTI, C. (2013). Journalism in the Age of Globalization: The Evolving Practices of Foreign Correspondents in London. Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism, 14(3), 419-436.
  • ARYA, K. (2011). The Over-Dependence of Indian English Newspapers on Global News Agencies for International News (Doctoral dissertation, Institute of Communication Studies, University of Leeds).
  • BERGLEZ, P. (2011). Global Journalism: An Emerging News Style and Outline for a Training Programme. In B. Franklin & D. Mensing (Eds.), Journalism Education, Training and Employment (pp. 143–154). London, UK: SAGE Publications.
  • CARLSSON, U. (2003). The Rise and Fall of NWICO: From a Vision of International Regulation to a Reality of Multilevel Governance. Nordicom Review, 24(2), 31–67.
  • CHRISTIN, A. (2016). Is Journalism a Transnational Field? Asymmetrical Relations and Symbolic Domination in Online News. The Sociological Review, 64(2), 212-234.
  • CLAUSEN, L. (2003a). Global News Production. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School.
  • CLAUSEN, L. (2003b). Global News Communication Strategies: 9.11.2002 around the World. Nordicom Review, 24(2), 105-115.
  • CLAUSEN, L. (2010). International News Flow. In S. Allan (Ed.), The Routledge Companion to News and Journalism (pp. 127-136). Oxon & New York: Routledge.
  • DE BEER, A. S. (2010). News From and in the “Dark Continent” Afro-pessimism, News Flows, Global Journalism and Media Regimes. Journalism Studies, 11(4), 596 -609.
  • FIGENSCHOU, T. U. (2014). Al Jazeera and the Global Media Landscape: The South Is Talking Back. New York: Routledge.
  • GUREVITCH, M., M.R. LEVY ve I. ROEH (1991). The Global Newsroom: Convergences and Diversities in the Globalization of Television News. In P. Dahlgren & C. Sparks (Eds.). Communication and Citizenship (195–216). London: Routledge.
  • HERBERT, J. (2001). Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide. Oxford: Focal.
  • HERMAN, E. S.ve McCHESNEY, R. W. (2004). The Global Media – the New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism. London: Continuum.
  • HJARVARD, S (2001). News Media and the Globalization of the Public Sphere In S. Hjarvard (Ed.), News in a Globalized World (17-39). Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • MACGREGOR, P. (2013). International News Agencies: Global Eyes that Never Blink. In K. Fowler-Watt, & S. Allan, (Eds.) Journalism: New Challenges (35-63). Bournemouth: Bournemouth University, Centre for Journalism & Communication Research.
  • MAGDER, T. (2003). Watching What We Say: Global Communication in a Time of Fear. In D. Thussu & D. Freedman (Eds.), War and the Media (28-44). London: Sage.
  • MATOS, C. (2012). Globalization and the Mass Media. In G. Ritzer. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Globalization. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • MATTELART, A. (1994). Mapping World Communication: War, Progress, Culture. (S. Emanuel & J. A. Cohen, Trans.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • MATTHEWS, J. (2013). Journalists and Their Sources: The Twin Challenges of Diversity and Verification. In K. Fowler-Watt, & S. Allan, (Eds.) Journalism: New Challenges (242-58). Bournemouth: Bournemouth University, Centre for Journalism & Communication Research.
  • McPHAIL, T. (2006). Global Communication: Theories, Stakeholders, and Trends (2nd ed.). Malden: Willey Blackwell.
  • McQUAIL, D. (2010). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory (6th ed.) Los Angeles: Sage.
  • MUSA, M. (1990). News Agencies, Transnationalization and the New Order. Media, Culture and Society, 12, 325-342.
  • NOSSEK, H. (2004). Our News and their News: The Role of National Identity in the Coverage of Foreign News. Journalism, 5(3), 343–368.
  • ÖZMEN, Ş. Y. (2013). Küresel Haber Ağları. Orhon, E. N. ve Y. B. İşçibaşı (Ed.). Uluslararası İletişim içinde, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • ÖZTÜRK, K. (2013). Uluslararası Habercilik. A. M. Vural (Ed.). Haber Türleri içinde. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Açık Öğretim Yayınları.
  • PATERSON, C. (2001). Media Imperialism Revisited: The Global Public Sphere and the News Agency Agenda. In S. Hjarvard (Ed.). News in a Globalized Society (pp. 77-92). Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • PATERSON, C. (2007). International News on the Internet: Why More is Less. Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics, 4 (1), 57-66.
  • PATERSON, C. (2011). The International Television News Agencies The World From London New York: Peter Lang.
  • RAFEEQ, A. (2007). Covering Conflicts: The Coverage of Iraq War II by the New Zealand Herald, the Dominion Post, and the Press (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Canterbury).
  • RAI, M. & COTTLE, S. (2007). Global Mediations: On the Changing Ecology of Satellite Television News, Global Media and Communication, 3(1), 51-78.
  • RITZER, G. (2010). Küresel Dünya (M. Pekdemir, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • ROSENTHAL, C. (2015). Reconsidering Agenda Setting and Intermedia Agenda Setting from a Global Perspective: A Cross-National Comparative Agenda Setting Test (MSc Thesis, the Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science).
  • RYABINSKA, N. (2012). “International News Production in Post-Soviet Ukraine: Where is the ‘Center’?” Global Media Journal 2(2): 1-21.
  • SCHILLER, H. (1991). Not Yet the Post-Imperialist Era. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 8(1), 13-28.
  • SPARKS, C. (2007). Globalization, Development and the Mass Media. London: Sage.
  • THOMPSON, J. B. (2008). Medya ve Modernite. (S. Öztürk, Çev.). İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları. Orijinal Çalışma Basım Tarihi: 2004.
  • THUSSU, D. K. (2002). International Communication: Continuity and Change (2nd ed.). London: Hodder Arnold.
  • THUSSU, D. K. (2007). Media on the Move: Global Flow and Contra-flow. New York: Routledge.
  • UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION. (1980). Many Voices, One World. New York: Kogan Page Ltd.
  • VAN ELTEREN, M. (2014). Reconceptualizing “Cultural Imperialism” in the Current Era of Globalization. In R. S. Fortner & P. M. Fackler (Eds). International Handbook of Media and Mass Communication Theory, Vol. 1 (pp. 400-419). Malden: Wiley Blackwell.
  • VOLKMER, I. (2007). Spheres of Influence and Challenges to Global Media Policy. International Journal of Communication, 1, 56–73.
  • WANTA, W., GOLAN, G. ve LEE, C. (2004). Agenda-setting and International News: Media Influence on Public Perceptions of Foreign Nations. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(2), 364-377.
  • WATANEBE, K. (2012). Modeling the Global News Flows. Erişim tarihi: 15.08.2017, http://koheiw.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Global-ageda-setting-11-blog.pdf.

Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 77 - 92, 01.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.372055

Öz

Haberin küreselleşme süreci
uluslararası haber ajanslarının kurulduğu 19. yüzyıla kadar uzanmaktadır.
Haberin üretim ve dağıtım sürecinin az sayıdaki uluslararası haber ajansının
kontrolünde olması uluslararası haberlerde tektipleşmeye ve gelişmiş ülkelerden
gelişmekte olan ülkelere doğru tek yanlı haber akışına yol açma, Batılı
ülkelerin ulusal çıkarlarına hizmet etme, uluslararası kamuoyu gündemini
belirleme gücüne sahip olma ve ülkeler arasındaki asimetrik güç ilişkilerini
pekiştirerek medya emperyalizmi tezini haklı çıkarma gibi eleştirilere yol
açmıştır. Bu eleştirilerin karşısında ise, yerli medya kuruluşlarının dış
haberleri yerel izleyicilerin hassasiyet ve ilgilerine uyarlayarak
yerelleştirdiği, günümüzde haberin yalnızca Batı'dan Doğu'ya ve Kuzey'den
Güney'e tek yönlü olarak akmadığı, Al Jazeera gibi Batılı olmayan aktörlerin
haber piyasasına girmesi sonucunda haberde karşı akışın da yaşandığı, dijital
teknolojiler sayesinde haber tüketicilerinin alternatiflerinin arttığı ve
elinde akıllı telefonu bulunan sıradan vatandaşların bile potansiyel muhabir
haline geldiği, böylece çoğulcu bir ortamın oluştuğu görüşleri yer almaktadır.
Tümü aynı bütünün farklı yönlerine işaret eden bu tartışmaların yeniden gündeme
getirilmesi günümüzdeki haber coğrafyasının küresel arka planını anlamaya
katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır
.

Kaynakça

  • ARCHETTI, C. (2008). News Coverage of 9/11 and the Demise of the Media Flows, Globalization and Localization Hypotheses. International Communication Gazette, 70(6), 463-495.
  • ARCHETTI, C. (2013). Journalism in the Age of Globalization: The Evolving Practices of Foreign Correspondents in London. Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism, 14(3), 419-436.
  • ARYA, K. (2011). The Over-Dependence of Indian English Newspapers on Global News Agencies for International News (Doctoral dissertation, Institute of Communication Studies, University of Leeds).
  • BERGLEZ, P. (2011). Global Journalism: An Emerging News Style and Outline for a Training Programme. In B. Franklin & D. Mensing (Eds.), Journalism Education, Training and Employment (pp. 143–154). London, UK: SAGE Publications.
  • CARLSSON, U. (2003). The Rise and Fall of NWICO: From a Vision of International Regulation to a Reality of Multilevel Governance. Nordicom Review, 24(2), 31–67.
  • CHRISTIN, A. (2016). Is Journalism a Transnational Field? Asymmetrical Relations and Symbolic Domination in Online News. The Sociological Review, 64(2), 212-234.
  • CLAUSEN, L. (2003a). Global News Production. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School.
  • CLAUSEN, L. (2003b). Global News Communication Strategies: 9.11.2002 around the World. Nordicom Review, 24(2), 105-115.
  • CLAUSEN, L. (2010). International News Flow. In S. Allan (Ed.), The Routledge Companion to News and Journalism (pp. 127-136). Oxon & New York: Routledge.
  • DE BEER, A. S. (2010). News From and in the “Dark Continent” Afro-pessimism, News Flows, Global Journalism and Media Regimes. Journalism Studies, 11(4), 596 -609.
  • FIGENSCHOU, T. U. (2014). Al Jazeera and the Global Media Landscape: The South Is Talking Back. New York: Routledge.
  • GUREVITCH, M., M.R. LEVY ve I. ROEH (1991). The Global Newsroom: Convergences and Diversities in the Globalization of Television News. In P. Dahlgren & C. Sparks (Eds.). Communication and Citizenship (195–216). London: Routledge.
  • HERBERT, J. (2001). Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide. Oxford: Focal.
  • HERMAN, E. S.ve McCHESNEY, R. W. (2004). The Global Media – the New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism. London: Continuum.
  • HJARVARD, S (2001). News Media and the Globalization of the Public Sphere In S. Hjarvard (Ed.), News in a Globalized World (17-39). Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • MACGREGOR, P. (2013). International News Agencies: Global Eyes that Never Blink. In K. Fowler-Watt, & S. Allan, (Eds.) Journalism: New Challenges (35-63). Bournemouth: Bournemouth University, Centre for Journalism & Communication Research.
  • MAGDER, T. (2003). Watching What We Say: Global Communication in a Time of Fear. In D. Thussu & D. Freedman (Eds.), War and the Media (28-44). London: Sage.
  • MATOS, C. (2012). Globalization and the Mass Media. In G. Ritzer. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Globalization. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • MATTELART, A. (1994). Mapping World Communication: War, Progress, Culture. (S. Emanuel & J. A. Cohen, Trans.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • MATTHEWS, J. (2013). Journalists and Their Sources: The Twin Challenges of Diversity and Verification. In K. Fowler-Watt, & S. Allan, (Eds.) Journalism: New Challenges (242-58). Bournemouth: Bournemouth University, Centre for Journalism & Communication Research.
  • McPHAIL, T. (2006). Global Communication: Theories, Stakeholders, and Trends (2nd ed.). Malden: Willey Blackwell.
  • McQUAIL, D. (2010). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory (6th ed.) Los Angeles: Sage.
  • MUSA, M. (1990). News Agencies, Transnationalization and the New Order. Media, Culture and Society, 12, 325-342.
  • NOSSEK, H. (2004). Our News and their News: The Role of National Identity in the Coverage of Foreign News. Journalism, 5(3), 343–368.
  • ÖZMEN, Ş. Y. (2013). Küresel Haber Ağları. Orhon, E. N. ve Y. B. İşçibaşı (Ed.). Uluslararası İletişim içinde, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • ÖZTÜRK, K. (2013). Uluslararası Habercilik. A. M. Vural (Ed.). Haber Türleri içinde. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Açık Öğretim Yayınları.
  • PATERSON, C. (2001). Media Imperialism Revisited: The Global Public Sphere and the News Agency Agenda. In S. Hjarvard (Ed.). News in a Globalized Society (pp. 77-92). Göteborg: Nordicom.
  • PATERSON, C. (2007). International News on the Internet: Why More is Less. Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics, 4 (1), 57-66.
  • PATERSON, C. (2011). The International Television News Agencies The World From London New York: Peter Lang.
  • RAFEEQ, A. (2007). Covering Conflicts: The Coverage of Iraq War II by the New Zealand Herald, the Dominion Post, and the Press (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Canterbury).
  • RAI, M. & COTTLE, S. (2007). Global Mediations: On the Changing Ecology of Satellite Television News, Global Media and Communication, 3(1), 51-78.
  • RITZER, G. (2010). Küresel Dünya (M. Pekdemir, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • ROSENTHAL, C. (2015). Reconsidering Agenda Setting and Intermedia Agenda Setting from a Global Perspective: A Cross-National Comparative Agenda Setting Test (MSc Thesis, the Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science).
  • RYABINSKA, N. (2012). “International News Production in Post-Soviet Ukraine: Where is the ‘Center’?” Global Media Journal 2(2): 1-21.
  • SCHILLER, H. (1991). Not Yet the Post-Imperialist Era. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 8(1), 13-28.
  • SPARKS, C. (2007). Globalization, Development and the Mass Media. London: Sage.
  • THOMPSON, J. B. (2008). Medya ve Modernite. (S. Öztürk, Çev.). İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları. Orijinal Çalışma Basım Tarihi: 2004.
  • THUSSU, D. K. (2002). International Communication: Continuity and Change (2nd ed.). London: Hodder Arnold.
  • THUSSU, D. K. (2007). Media on the Move: Global Flow and Contra-flow. New York: Routledge.
  • UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION. (1980). Many Voices, One World. New York: Kogan Page Ltd.
  • VAN ELTEREN, M. (2014). Reconceptualizing “Cultural Imperialism” in the Current Era of Globalization. In R. S. Fortner & P. M. Fackler (Eds). International Handbook of Media and Mass Communication Theory, Vol. 1 (pp. 400-419). Malden: Wiley Blackwell.
  • VOLKMER, I. (2007). Spheres of Influence and Challenges to Global Media Policy. International Journal of Communication, 1, 56–73.
  • WANTA, W., GOLAN, G. ve LEE, C. (2004). Agenda-setting and International News: Media Influence on Public Perceptions of Foreign Nations. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(2), 364-377.
  • WATANEBE, K. (2012). Modeling the Global News Flows. Erişim tarihi: 15.08.2017, http://koheiw.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Global-ageda-setting-11-blog.pdf.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sibel Varol

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2018
Kabul Tarihi 2 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Varol, S. (2018). Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.372055
AMA Varol S. Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme. ADUSOBIED. Eylül 2018;5(2):77-92. doi:10.30803/adusobed.372055
Chicago Varol, Sibel. “Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 5, sy. 2 (Eylül 2018): 77-92. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.372055.
EndNote Varol S (01 Eylül 2018) Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 2 77–92.
IEEE S. Varol, “Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme”, ADUSOBIED, c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 77–92, 2018, doi: 10.30803/adusobed.372055.
ISNAD Varol, Sibel. “Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 5/2 (Eylül 2018), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.372055.
JAMA Varol S. Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme. ADUSOBIED. 2018;5:77–92.
MLA Varol, Sibel. “Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme”. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 77-92, doi:10.30803/adusobed.372055.
Vancouver Varol S. Haberin Küreselleşmesi: Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme. ADUSOBIED. 2018;5(2):77-92.

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