Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye'de Ortaokul Öğrencileri Arasında Siber Zorbalık

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 109 - 130, 10.11.2015
https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.59645

Öz

İnternet ve sosyal ağ kullanım oranlarında yaşanan artışa paralel olarak Türkiye’de gençler arasında siber
zorbalığın artış gösterdiği ve bu kavramın giderek daha fazla sayıda araştırmaya konu olduğu görülmektedir.
Ancak yapılan araştırmalar incelendiğinde Türkiye’de ergenler üzerinde kapsamlı bir siber zorbalık
araştırmasına rastlanmamıştır. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada Türkiye’de ergenler arasında siber zorbalığın
yaygınlığını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’nin yedi bölgesinden 1400 yedinci ve sekizinci sınıf
öğrencisinden veri toplanmıştır. Ayrıca bu araştırma kapsamında siber zorba olma ile siber mağdur olma
arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığına bakılmıştır. Son olarak bu araştırmada katılımcıların siber mağdur ya da zorba
olma durumlarının cinsiyet, sınıf, şehir, bilgisayar sahipliği, İnternet bağlantısı, İnternet'te başkalarıyla tanışma
ve sosyal medya kullanımı değişkenleri açısından fark gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın
bulgularına göre katılımcılar hem siber zorba hem de siber mağdur alt ölçeklerinden en yüksek puanı siber
sahtecilik boyutundan almıştır. Ayrıca bu araştırmada siber zorbalık yapma ve mağdur olma arasında pozitif
yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu araştırmaya göre siber zorbalığa maruz kalmak cinsiyete göre
değişmemekte, ancak siber zorba olmak erkekler lehine anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir. Ayrıca siber zorba
ve kurban olma 8. sınıfların, İnternet sahibi olanların, sosyal medya hesabı kullananların ve İnternette
tanımadıkları kişilerle arkadaşlık edenlerin lehine anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte bu
araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular siber zorba ve kurban olma düzeyinin en yüksek olduğu ilin İstanbul, en düşük
olduğu ilin ise Gaziantep olduğunu göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Agatston, P.W., Kowalski R. & Limber, S. (2007). Students’ perspectives on cyberbullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 59-60.
  • Ak, Ş., Özdemir, Y. & Kuzucu, Y. (2015). Cybervictimization and cyberbullying: The mediating role of anger, don’t anger me! Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 437-443.
  • Akbaba, S. & Eroğlu, Y. (2013). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde siber zorbalık ve mağduriyetin yordayıcıları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1), 105-121.
  • Akbulut, Y., Şahin, Y. L. & Erişti, B. (2010). Cyberbullying Victimization among Turkish Online Social Utility Members. Educational Technology end Society, 13(4), 192-201.
  • Anderson, K.L.M. (2012). Cyber-bullying: The new kid on the block (Master’s thesis). California State University, Department of Teacher Education. 10 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde http://csus-dspace.calstate.edu/handle/10211.9/1814 adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Ayaş T. & Horzum, M.B. (2012). On being cyberbully and victim among primary school students. Elementary Education Online, 11(2), 369-380.
  • Balakrishnan, V. (2015). Cyberbullying among young adults in Malaysia: The roles of gender, age and Internet frequency. Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 149-157.
  • Batmaz, M. & Ayaz, T. (2013). İlköğretim ikinci kademedeki öğrencilerin psikolojik belirtilere göre sanal zorbalık düzeylerinin yordanması. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 3(1), 43-53.
  • Bhat, C.S. (2008). Cyberbullying: Overview and strategies for school counsellors, guidance officers, and all school personnel. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 1(1), 53-66.
  • Bourassa, C.A.L. (2012). Student cyberbullying: Raising awareness for school counselors (Master’s thesis). University of Wisconsin-Stout, School Counseling. 5 Nisan 2014’te http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.389.6355&rep=rep1&type=pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Campbell, M. A. (2005) Cyberbullying: An old problem in a new guise? Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 15(1), 68-76.
  • Cassidy, W., Jackson, M. & Brown, K. N. (2009). Sticks and stones can break my bones, but how can pixels hurt me? Students’ experiences with cyber-bullying. School Psychology International, 30(4), 383-402.
  • Carson, R. (2014). Adolescent cyberbullying in New Zealand and the implications of parenting styles. (Master’s thesis), 20 Mart 2014 tarihinde University of Canterbury. http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/9917 adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Çetin, B., Yaman, E. & Peker, A. (2011). Cyber victim and bullying scale: A study of validity and reliability. Computer&Education, 57, 2261-2271.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. & Kavşut, F. (2007). Akran zorbalığının yeni yüzü: Siber zorbalık. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 27, 31-42.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender and frequent and risky usage of Internet mediated communication tools. New Media &
  • Flannery, D.J., Wester, K.L. & Singer, M.I. (2004). Impact of exposure to violence in school on child and adolescent mental health and behavior. Journal of Community Psychology, 32, 559-573.
  • Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J.W. (2008). Cyberbullying: an exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
  • Holfeld, B. (2014). Perceptions and attributions of bystanders to cyberbullying. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 1-7.
  • Joaquim, C. J. (2011). Developmental stage of performance in reasoning about bullying in school age youth. (Doctoral dissertation). Nova Southern University, Fischler School of Education of Human Services. 20 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde http://dareassociation.org/Papers/Joaquim2011.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Kowalski, R. M. & Limber, S. P. (2012). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53, 13-20.
  • Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(4), 1777-1791.
  • Olweus, D. (1990) Bullying among school children. In K. Hurrelmann & F. Lösel (Eds.), Health hazards in adolescence (259-299). Berlin: De Gruyter.
  • Ortega, Elipe, Mora-Merchan, Calmaestra & Vega, (2009). The emotional impact on victims of traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Journal of Psychology, 217(4), 197-204.
  • Özdemir, M. & Akar, F. (2014). Lise öğrencilerinin siber-zorbalığa ilişkin görüşlerinin bazı değişkenler bakımından incelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 17(4), 605-626.
  • Patchin, J.W. & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: A preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4(2), 148-169.
  • Patton, D. U., Hong, J. S., Ranney, M., Patel, S., Kelley, J., Eschmann, R. & Washington, T. (2014). Social media as a vector for youth violence: A review of the literature. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 548-553.
  • Peter, D., Valkenburg, P. M. & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Characteristics and motives of adolescents talking with strangers on the Internet. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 526-530.
  • Salmivalli, C. (2010). Bullying and the peer group: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(2), 112-120.
  • Schneider, S., O'Donnell, L., Stueve, A., & Coulter, R.S. (2012). Cyberbullying, school bullying, and psychological distress: A regional census of high school students. American Journal of Public Health, 102(1), 171-177.
  • Sengupta, A. & Chaudhuri, A. (2011). Are social networking sites a source of online harassment for teens? Evidence from survey data. Children and Youth Services, 33, 284-290.
  • Slonje, R. & Smith, P. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147-154.
  • Şahin, M., Aydın, B. & Sarı, S. V. (2012). Cyber bullying, cyber victimization and psychological symptoms: a study in adolescents. Cukurova University Faculty of Eduction Journal, 41(1), 53-59.
  • Tokunaga, R.S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 277–287.
  • Valimaki, A. A., Cross, D., O'Moore, M., Berne, S. Deboutte, G., Heiman, T., … & Sygkollitoui, E. (2012). Guidelines for preventingh cyber-bullying in the school environment: a review and recommendations. European Union COST action ISO801. 29.05.2015 tarihinde http://sites.google.com/site/costis0801/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Whitlock, J.L., Powers, J.L. & Eckenrode, J. (2006). The virtual cutting edge: The Internet and adolescent self-injury. Developmental Psychology, 42(3), 1-11.
  • Ybarra, M. L. & Mitchell, K. J. (2008). How risky are social networking sites? A comparison of places online where youth sexual solicitation and harassment occurs. Pediatrics, 121, 350-357.

Cyberbullying among Middle School Students in Turkey

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 109 - 130, 10.11.2015
https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.59645

Öz

With the increase of internet and social network use, it has been observed that cyberbullying among adolescents has risen and an increasingly greater number of studies have focused on this concept in Turkey. But when studies on cyberbullying in Turkey are searched, it is seen that inclusive cyberbullying research on adolescents has not yet been done. Therefore, this research aims to examine the prevalence of cyberbullying among adolescents in Turkey. This research was carried out with the participation of 1400 middle school students (7th and 8th grades) from seven regions of Turkey. In this research the relationship between cyberbullying and cyber victimization is also investigated. Moreover this study examines whether cyberbullying and cyber victimization experiences differ according to gender, school grade, city, computer ownership, Internet access, meeting new people online and social media use. The findings indicated that the participants got the highest scores from the cyber imposture subscale of either cyber bully and cyber victim scales. Additionally a significant positive correlation was found between cyberbullying and cyber victimization. Findings also revealed that there was no significant gender differences in cyber victimization, but male students reported to more likely be a cyberbully. Moreover students who were in eighth grade, who had Internet access, who used social media, and who met new friends online were significantly more likely to be cyberbullies and cyber victims. In addition, the data revealed that the highest cyberbullying and cyber victimization rates were in İstanbul, and the lowest rate was in Gaziantep. 

Kaynakça

  • Agatston, P.W., Kowalski R. & Limber, S. (2007). Students’ perspectives on cyberbullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 59-60.
  • Ak, Ş., Özdemir, Y. & Kuzucu, Y. (2015). Cybervictimization and cyberbullying: The mediating role of anger, don’t anger me! Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 437-443.
  • Akbaba, S. & Eroğlu, Y. (2013). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde siber zorbalık ve mağduriyetin yordayıcıları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1), 105-121.
  • Akbulut, Y., Şahin, Y. L. & Erişti, B. (2010). Cyberbullying Victimization among Turkish Online Social Utility Members. Educational Technology end Society, 13(4), 192-201.
  • Anderson, K.L.M. (2012). Cyber-bullying: The new kid on the block (Master’s thesis). California State University, Department of Teacher Education. 10 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde http://csus-dspace.calstate.edu/handle/10211.9/1814 adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Ayaş T. & Horzum, M.B. (2012). On being cyberbully and victim among primary school students. Elementary Education Online, 11(2), 369-380.
  • Balakrishnan, V. (2015). Cyberbullying among young adults in Malaysia: The roles of gender, age and Internet frequency. Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 149-157.
  • Batmaz, M. & Ayaz, T. (2013). İlköğretim ikinci kademedeki öğrencilerin psikolojik belirtilere göre sanal zorbalık düzeylerinin yordanması. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 3(1), 43-53.
  • Bhat, C.S. (2008). Cyberbullying: Overview and strategies for school counsellors, guidance officers, and all school personnel. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 1(1), 53-66.
  • Bourassa, C.A.L. (2012). Student cyberbullying: Raising awareness for school counselors (Master’s thesis). University of Wisconsin-Stout, School Counseling. 5 Nisan 2014’te http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.389.6355&rep=rep1&type=pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Campbell, M. A. (2005) Cyberbullying: An old problem in a new guise? Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 15(1), 68-76.
  • Cassidy, W., Jackson, M. & Brown, K. N. (2009). Sticks and stones can break my bones, but how can pixels hurt me? Students’ experiences with cyber-bullying. School Psychology International, 30(4), 383-402.
  • Carson, R. (2014). Adolescent cyberbullying in New Zealand and the implications of parenting styles. (Master’s thesis), 20 Mart 2014 tarihinde University of Canterbury. http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/9917 adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Çetin, B., Yaman, E. & Peker, A. (2011). Cyber victim and bullying scale: A study of validity and reliability. Computer&Education, 57, 2261-2271.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. & Kavşut, F. (2007). Akran zorbalığının yeni yüzü: Siber zorbalık. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 27, 31-42.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender and frequent and risky usage of Internet mediated communication tools. New Media &
  • Flannery, D.J., Wester, K.L. & Singer, M.I. (2004). Impact of exposure to violence in school on child and adolescent mental health and behavior. Journal of Community Psychology, 32, 559-573.
  • Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J.W. (2008). Cyberbullying: an exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
  • Holfeld, B. (2014). Perceptions and attributions of bystanders to cyberbullying. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 1-7.
  • Joaquim, C. J. (2011). Developmental stage of performance in reasoning about bullying in school age youth. (Doctoral dissertation). Nova Southern University, Fischler School of Education of Human Services. 20 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde http://dareassociation.org/Papers/Joaquim2011.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Kowalski, R. M. & Limber, S. P. (2012). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53, 13-20.
  • Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(4), 1777-1791.
  • Olweus, D. (1990) Bullying among school children. In K. Hurrelmann & F. Lösel (Eds.), Health hazards in adolescence (259-299). Berlin: De Gruyter.
  • Ortega, Elipe, Mora-Merchan, Calmaestra & Vega, (2009). The emotional impact on victims of traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Journal of Psychology, 217(4), 197-204.
  • Özdemir, M. & Akar, F. (2014). Lise öğrencilerinin siber-zorbalığa ilişkin görüşlerinin bazı değişkenler bakımından incelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 17(4), 605-626.
  • Patchin, J.W. & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: A preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4(2), 148-169.
  • Patton, D. U., Hong, J. S., Ranney, M., Patel, S., Kelley, J., Eschmann, R. & Washington, T. (2014). Social media as a vector for youth violence: A review of the literature. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 548-553.
  • Peter, D., Valkenburg, P. M. & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Characteristics and motives of adolescents talking with strangers on the Internet. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 526-530.
  • Salmivalli, C. (2010). Bullying and the peer group: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(2), 112-120.
  • Schneider, S., O'Donnell, L., Stueve, A., & Coulter, R.S. (2012). Cyberbullying, school bullying, and psychological distress: A regional census of high school students. American Journal of Public Health, 102(1), 171-177.
  • Sengupta, A. & Chaudhuri, A. (2011). Are social networking sites a source of online harassment for teens? Evidence from survey data. Children and Youth Services, 33, 284-290.
  • Slonje, R. & Smith, P. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147-154.
  • Şahin, M., Aydın, B. & Sarı, S. V. (2012). Cyber bullying, cyber victimization and psychological symptoms: a study in adolescents. Cukurova University Faculty of Eduction Journal, 41(1), 53-59.
  • Tokunaga, R.S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 277–287.
  • Valimaki, A. A., Cross, D., O'Moore, M., Berne, S. Deboutte, G., Heiman, T., … & Sygkollitoui, E. (2012). Guidelines for preventingh cyber-bullying in the school environment: a review and recommendations. European Union COST action ISO801. 29.05.2015 tarihinde http://sites.google.com/site/costis0801/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Whitlock, J.L., Powers, J.L. & Eckenrode, J. (2006). The virtual cutting edge: The Internet and adolescent self-injury. Developmental Psychology, 42(3), 1-11.
  • Ybarra, M. L. & Mitchell, K. J. (2008). How risky are social networking sites? A comparison of places online where youth sexual solicitation and harassment occurs. Pediatrics, 121, 350-357.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Jale Salı

Bircan Başak

Emel Akca Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Kasım 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Kasım 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Salı, J., Başak, B., & Akca, E. (2015). Türkiye’de Ortaokul Öğrencileri Arasında Siber Zorbalık. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 5(2), 109-130. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.59645
AMA Salı J, Başak B, Akca E. Türkiye’de Ortaokul Öğrencileri Arasında Siber Zorbalık. AJESI. Kasım 2015;5(2):109-130. doi:10.18039/ajesi.59645
Chicago Salı, Jale, Bircan Başak, ve Emel Akca. “Türkiye’de Ortaokul Öğrencileri Arasında Siber Zorbalık”. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 5, sy. 2 (Kasım 2015): 109-30. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.59645.
EndNote Salı J, Başak B, Akca E (01 Kasım 2015) Türkiye’de Ortaokul Öğrencileri Arasında Siber Zorbalık. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 5 2 109–130.
IEEE J. Salı, B. Başak, ve E. Akca, “Türkiye’de Ortaokul Öğrencileri Arasında Siber Zorbalık”, AJESI, c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 109–130, 2015, doi: 10.18039/ajesi.59645.
ISNAD Salı, Jale vd. “Türkiye’de Ortaokul Öğrencileri Arasında Siber Zorbalık”. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 5/2 (Kasım 2015), 109-130. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.59645.
JAMA Salı J, Başak B, Akca E. Türkiye’de Ortaokul Öğrencileri Arasında Siber Zorbalık. AJESI. 2015;5:109–130.
MLA Salı, Jale vd. “Türkiye’de Ortaokul Öğrencileri Arasında Siber Zorbalık”. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, c. 5, sy. 2, 2015, ss. 109-30, doi:10.18039/ajesi.59645.
Vancouver Salı J, Başak B, Akca E. Türkiye’de Ortaokul Öğrencileri Arasında Siber Zorbalık. AJESI. 2015;5(2):109-30.