A Gene Expression Regulator: miRNA

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 472 - 493, 15.09.2015

Figen Güzelgül Kıymet Aksoy

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.95263

Cited By: 3

Öz

MicroRNAs (miRNA) binding to target mRNAs and having function in regulating gene expression are of 18-25 nucleotides in length and take place in the class of non-coding RNAs. Although aproximately 1900 human miRNA types have been identified so far, quite little is known about their biological functions. In some studies, it is shown that miRNA expression levels are important for many biological functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism. Recent studies have pointed out that miRNAs have been used as diagnosis and prognosis biomarker in many human diseases including cancer, viral diseases, cardiovascular disorders and metabolic distrubance.Such as a miRNA type’s regulating more than one mRNA expression levels, a mRNA level has been regulated by numbers of miRNA types. Since changing the expression level of a miRNA type effects the whole metabolism, it is required to have cell-specific miRNAs. In the event of cell type- specific miRNAs are having found, it is expected that the general metabolism is better understood and, moreover, miRNAs are used more effectively in diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Noncoding RNA, miRNA, Mrna

Bir Gen İfade Düzenleyicisi miRNA

Öz

Hedef mRNA’lara bağlanarak gen ifadesinin düzenlenmesinde işlev gören mikroRNA’lar (miRNA) 18-25 nükleotit uzunluğunda olup kısa kodlanmayan RNA sınıfında yer almaktadırlar. İnsanlarda yaklaşık 1900 miRNA tipi tanımlanmış olmasına rağmen şimdiye kadar biyolojik işlevleri hakkında bilinenler oldukça azdır. Bazı çalışmalarda hücrelerin proliferasyon, farklılaşma, apoptozis ve metabolizma gibi biyolojik işlevlerdemiRNA’ların ekspresyon seviyelerinin önemli olduğu gösterilmiştir. Son zamanlardaki çalışmalarda miRNA’ların kanser, viral hastalıklar, kardiovasküler hastalıklar ve metabolik bozuklukları da içine alan birçok hastalıkta tanı ve prognozda kullanılabileceği belirtilmiştir. Bir miRNA tipinin birden fazla mRNA’nın ekspresyon seviyesini düzenlediği gibi, bir mRNA ekspresyonu birden fazla miRNA tipi tarafından düzenlenebilmektedir. Bir miRNA tipinin ekspresyon düzeyini değiştirmek tüm metabolizmayı etkileyebileceği için hücre tipine özgü miRNA’ların bulunması gerekmektedir. Hücre tiplerine özgü miRNA’ların bulunması halinde genel metabolizmanın daha iyi anlaşılması ve hatta hastalıkların tanı ve tedavisinde miRNA’ların etkin olarak kullanılması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kodlanmayan RNA, miRNA, mRNA

Kaynakça

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