The Similar and Dissimilar Spot Welding of 304 and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steels

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 55 - 59, 30.08.2019

İsmail Topcu Özgür Çınar Ahmet Erdem Alyanakoğlu Burcu Nilgün Çetiner Arif Nihat Güllüoğlu

Öz

Being
one of the oldest electric welding processes, the resistance spot welding
offers practical and time saving applications in the field of joining metals of
several manufacturing industries such as automotive, white goods and machinery.
Even light weight metals, i.e. aluminum and magnesium has lately been taking
attention of researchers and producers, the steels, especially austenitic
stainless steels are still being used in wide range of applications due to
their combination of excellent corrosion resistance with comparably low price,
good machinability, reasonable weldability and good mechanical properties. Spot
welding process is controlled by three essential parameters; mechanical
(pressure), electric (heat) and electronics (time). In this study, AISI 304 and
316L stainless steel sheets of 1 mm of thickness were used as welding metals.
Thus, AISI 304 welding metal couples, AISI 316L welding metal couples and AISI
304 and 316L welding metal couples were selected to ensure a combination of
similar and dissimilar metals. Welding procedures were carried out using a
current and time controlled electric spot welding machine. To investigate the
influence of the parameters (pressure, heat and time) on the welding of the
different types of stainless steels and their combination, the parameters were
set constant. The current was set to 10,000 A, the pressure was 4 kN and  the duration was 10 seconds for each. After
spot welding applications, some of the specimens were cut and prepared for
metallographic examination and hardness measurements. The rest of them was
shaped for tensile strength measurement using Instron Universal Testing
Machine. The hardness of the specimens were observed being altered in the range
of 186-240 HV(average) and their tensile shear forces in the scale of 1486-1549
N (average).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spot Welding, AISI 304, , 316L stainless steels

The Similar and Dissimilar Spot Welding of 304 and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steels

Öz

Being one of the oldest electric welding processes, the resistance spot welding offers practical and time saving applications in the field of joining metals of several manufacturing industries such as automotive, white goods and machinery. Even light weight metals, i.e. aluminum and magnesium has lately been taking attention of researchers and producers, the steels, especially austenitic stainless steels are still being used in wide range of applications due to their combination of excellent corrosion resistance with comparably low price, good machinability, reasonable weldability and good mechanical properties. Spot welding process is controlled by three essential parameters; mechanical (pressure), electric (heat) and electronics (time). In this study, AISI 304 and 316L stainless steel sheets of 1 mm of thickness were used as welding metals. Thus, AISI 304 welding metal couples, AISI 316L welding metal couples and AISI 304 and 316L welding metal couples were selected to ensure a combination of similar and dissimilar metals. Welding procedures were carried out using a current and time controlled electric spot welding machine. To investigate the influence of the parameters (pressure, heat and time) on the welding of the different types of stainless steels and their combination, the parameters were set constant. The current was set to 10,000 A, the pressure was 4 kN and  the duration was 10 seconds for each. After spot welding applications, some of the specimens were cut and prepared for metallographic examination and hardness measurements. The rest of them was shaped for tensile strength measurement using Instron Universal Testing Machine. The hardness of the specimens were observed being altered in the range of 186-240 HV(average) and their tensile shear forces in the scale of 1486-1549 N (average).

Anahtar Kelimeler

, Spot welding, AISI304, AISI316

Kaynakça

• 1. S. M. Darwish, A. Al Tamimi and S. Al-Habdan, “A Knowledge Base for Metal Welding Process Selection”, Int. J. Mach. Tools. Manufact. Vol. 37, No. 7, PP. 1007-1023.
• 2. B. Bouyousfi, T. Sahraoui, S. Guessasma, K. T., Chaouch, “Effect of process parameters on the physical characteristics of spot weld joints”, Materials and Design 28 (2007) 414-419.
• 3. B. Kocabekir, R. Kaçar, S. Gündüz, F. Hayat, “An effect of heat input, weld atmosphere and weld cooling conditions on the resistance spot weldability of 316L austenitic stainless steel”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 195 (2008) 327-335.
• 4. N. Kahraman, “The influence of welding parameters on the joint strength of resistance spot-welded titanium sheets”, Materials and Design 28 (2007) 420-427.
• 5.D. Kianersi, A. Mostafaei, A. A. Amadeh, “Resistance sport welding joints of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel sheets: Phase transformations, mechanical properties and microstructure characterizations”, Materials and Design 61 (2014) 251-263.
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