COMMENTS ON THE LIMITS AND INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE MAMMALIAN MIDBRAIN

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 60 - 70, 30.04.2016

Luis Puelles

Öz

The anatomic concept of the midbrain has changed considerably in recent times, due to advances in molecular developmental neurobiology which have shown the mechanisms that pattern the midbrain relative to diencephalon and hindbrain, as well as relative to its inner structure. The midbrain unitary developmental field that was discovered in this way is smaller than the classic concept of the midbrain, which therefore necessarily included portions of the caudal diencephalon and the rostral prepontine hindbrain. These developmental mechanisms are summarized, the correct boundaries defined, and the diencephalic and hindbrain structures that were wrongly ascribed to the midbrain are illustrated schematically and classified properly as to their origins. Finally, the internal structure of the modern midbrain is treated systematically in terms of dorsoventral and anteroposterior regionalization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

boundaries, derivatives, diencephalon, hindbrain, midbrain, neuromeres, patterning, regionalization

Kaynakça

• Puelles L. Plan of the developing vertebrate nervous system, relating
• embryology to the adult nervous system (Prosomere model,
• overview of brain organization). In: Rubenstein JLR, Rakic P, editors.
• Comprehensive developmental neuroscience: Patterning and
• cell type specification in the developing CNS and PNS. Amsterdam:
• Academic Press; 2013. p. 187–209.
• His W. Über das frontale Ende des Gehirnrohrs. Archiv für
• Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte [Anatomische Abteilung des
• Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol. 1893b] 1893;3:157–71.
• His W. Die Entwicklung des menschlichen Gehirns während der
• ersten Monate. Leipzig: Hirzel Verlag; 1904.
• Orr HJ. Contribution to the embryology of the lizard; with especial
• reference to the central nervous system and some organs of the head;
• together with observations on the origin of the vertebrates. J Morphol
• ;1:311–72.
• Charles FW, McClure BA. The segmentation of the primitive vertebrate
• brain. J Morphol 1890;4:35–56.
• Locy WA. Contribution to the structure and development of the
• vertebrate head. Boston: Ginn and Co; 1895.
• von Kupffer C. Die Morphogenie des Zentralnervensystems. In:
• Hertwig O, editor. Handbuch der vergleichenden und experimentellen
• Entwicklungslehre der Wirbeltiere. Vol. 2, Part 3. Jena:
• Fischer Verlag; 1906. p. 1–272.
• Ziehen T. Die Morphogenie des Zentralnervensystems der
• Säugetiere. In: Hertwig O, editor. Handbuch der vergleichenden
• und experimentellen Entwicklungslehre der Wirbeltiere. Vol. 2,
• Part 3. Jena: Fischer Verlag; 1906. p. 273–351.
• Palmgren A. Embryological and morphological studies on the midbrain
• and cerebellum of vertebrates. Acta Zool 1921;2:1–94.
• Puelles E, Martinez-de-la-Torre M, Watson C, Puelles L. Midbrain.
• In: Watson C, Paxinos G, Puelles L editors. The mouse nervous system.
• San Diego: Academic Press Elsevier; 2012. p. 337– 59.
• Vaage S. The segmentation of the primitive neural tube in chick
• embryos (Gallus domesticus). A morphological, histochemical and
• autoradiographical investigation. Ergebn Anat Entwicklungsgesch
• ;41:3–87.
• Vaage S. The histogenesis of the isthmic nuclei in chick embryos
• (Gallus domesticus). I. A morphological study. Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch
• ;142:283–314.
• Puelles L, Martínez-de-la-Torre M. Autoradiographic and Golgi
• study on the early development of n. isthmi principalis and adjacent
• grisea in the chick embryo: a tridimensional viewpoint. Anat Embryol
• (Berl) 1987; 176:19–34.
• Hidalgo-Sánchez M, Martínez-de-la-Torre M, Alvarado-Mallart
• RM, Puelles L. Distinct pre-isthmic domain, defined by overlap of Otx2 and Pax2 expression domains in the chicken caudal midbrain. J
• Comp Neurol 2005;483:17–29.
• Rendahl H. Embryologische und morphologische Studien über das
• Zwischenhirn beim Huhn. Acta Zool 1924;5:241–344.
• Puelles L, Amat JA, Martínez-de-la-Torre M. Segment-related,
• mosaic neurogenetic pattern in the forebrain and mesencephalon of
• early chick embryos. I. Topography of AChE-positive neuroblasts up
• to stage HH18. J Comp Neurol 1987;266:147–268.
• García-Lopez R, Vieira C, Echevarria D, Martinez S. Fate map of
• the diencephalon and the zona limitans at the 10-somites stage in
• chick embryos. Dev Biol 2004;268:514–30.
• Ferran JL, Sánchez-Arrones L, Sandoval JE, Puelles L. A model of
• early molecular regionalization in the chicken embryonic pretectum.
• J Comp Neurol 2007;505:379–403.
• Ferran JL, Sánchez-Arrones L, Bardet SM, Sandoval J, Martínez-dela-
• Torre M, Puelles L. Early pretectal gene expression pattern shows
• a conserved anteroposterior tripartition in mouse and chicken. Brain
• Res Bull 2008;75:295–8.
• Ferran JL, de Oliveira ED, Merchán P, Sandoval JE, Sánchez-
• Arrones L, Martínez-De-La-Torre M, Puelles L. Geno-architectonic
• analysis of regional histogenesis in the chicken pretectum. J Comp
• Neurol 2009;517:405–51.
• Herrick CJ. The morphology of the forebrain in amphibia and reptilia.
• J Comp Neurol 1910;20:413–547.
• Kuhlenbeck H. The central nervous system of vertebrates. Vol. 3,
• Part II: overall morphological pattern. Basel (Switzerland): Karger;
• Saldaña E, Viñuela A, Marshall AF, Fitzpatrick DC, Aparicio MA.
• The TLC: a novel auditory nucleus of the mammalian brain. J
• Neurosci 2007;27:13108–16.
• Puelles L, Malagón F, Genis-Gálvez JM. The migration of oculomotor
• neuroblasts across the midline in the chick embryo. Exp
• Neurol 1975;47:459–69.
• Puelles L, Privat J. Do oculomotor neuroblasts migrate across the
• midline in the fetal rat brain? Anat Embryol (Berl) 1977;150:187–206.
• Puelles L. A Golgi-study of oculomotor neuroblasts migrating across
• the midline in chick embryos. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1978;152:205–15.
• Alonso A, Merchán P, Sandoval JE, Sánchez-Arrones L, Garcia-
• Cazorla A, Artuch R, Ferrán JL, Martínez-de-la-Torre M, Puelles L.
• Development of the serotonergic cells in murine raphe nuclei and
• their relations with rhombomeric domains. Brain Struct Funct
• ;218:1229–77.
• Martínez S, Puelles E, Puelles L, Echevarria D. Molecular regionalization of developing neural tube. In: Watson C, Paxinos G, Puelles L, editors. The mouse nervous system. San Diego: Academic Press Elsevier; 2012. p. 2–18.