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İnanç Turizmi ve Türkiye İle Gürcistan Arasında “Muhtemel” İnanç Turizm Rotaları

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 379 - 388, 11.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.337854

Öz

Yerel
yönetimler, turizmi ekonomik etkileri nedeniyle desteklemektedirler ancak,
kültür ve inanç turizminin, kültürel mirasın korunması ve yerel kalkınmaya da
önemli katkıları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kuzeydoğu Türkiye ile Gürcistan
arasındaki inanç turizmi potansiyeli ortaya konulmuş ve farklı dinler
arasındaki sınır ötesi işbirliği ve hoşgörüye katkıda bulunulmasının ilk adımı
olarak “inanç turizm rotaları” belirlenmiştir. Böylesi çalışma, Türkiye'nin az
gelişmiş bölgelerinden birisi ile Gürcistan özelinde yapılan ilk çalışma
olmasının ötesinde sonuçlar, turizm planlamacılarına ve karar alıcılara iki
komşu ülke arasında ortak projeler üretmek için değerli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akbaş, H. (2016). Hopa ve Batum TSO’nun yaptıkları toplantıda işbirliği kararı alındı. (10.08.2017), retrieved from http://habercigazete.com/arsiv/haber_ detayc674. html ?haberID=12791
  • Alderman, D.H. (2002). Writing on the Graceland wall, on the importance of authorship in pilgrimage landscapes. Tourism Recreation Research, 2(72), 27–33.
  • Ateljevic, I., & Doorne, S. (2002). Representing New Zealand: Tourism imagery and ideology. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(3), 648–667.
  • Bar, D., & Cohen-Hattab, K. (2003). A new kind of pilgrimage: the modern tourist pilgrim of ninetieth century and early twentieth century Palestine. Middle Eastern Studies, 32(2), 131 – 148
  • Belhassen, Y. & Ebel, J. (2009). Tourism, faith and politics in the Holy Land: an ideological analysis of evangelical pilgrimage. Current Issues in Tourism, 12:4, 359-378.
  • Blackman, A., Foster, F., Hyvonen, T., Jewell, B., Kuilboer, A., & Moscardo, G. (2004). Factors Contributing to Successful Tourism Development in Peripheral Regions. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 15(1), 59 – 70
  • Blasco, D., Guia, J., & Prats, L. (2014). Emergence of governance in cross-border destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 159-173.
  • Briedenhann, J., & Wickens, E. (2004). Tourism routes as a tool for the economic development of rural areas—vibrant hope or impossible dream?. Tourism Management, 25, 71–79.
  • Coene, F. (2010). The Caucasus: an Introduction. New York: Taylor & Francis.
  • Cohen, E. (1988). Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 15, 371-386
  • Cohen-Hattab, K. (2004). Zionism, tourism, and the battle for Palestine: Tourism as a political propaganda tool. Israeli Studies, 9(1), 61–85.
  • Collins-Kreiner, N. (2010). Current Jewish pilgrimage tourism: Modes and models of development. Tourism, 58, 259-270.
  • Cornell S.E. (2005). Small Nations and Great Powers A Study Of Ethnopolitical Conflict In The Caucasus. London: Routledge Curzon.
  • Delener, N. (1990). The effects of religious factors on perceived risk in durable goods purchase decisions. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 7 (3), 27–38.
  • Digance, J. (2003). Pilgrimage at contested sites. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 143–159.
  • Doney, S. (2013). The Sacred Economy: Devotional Objects as Sacred Presence for German Catholics in Aachen and Trier, 1832-1937. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 1(1), 62-71.
  • Dredge, D., & Jamal, T. (2013). Mobilities on the Gold Coast, Australia: Implications for destination governance and sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(4), 557–579.
  • Durgun, A. (2006). Bölgesel Kalkınmada Turizmin Rolü: Isparta Rolü. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel University.
  • ENVSEC (2011). Climate Change in the South Caucasus. (15.08.2017), retrieved from http://www.envsec.org/ publications/climatechangesouthcaucasus.pdf
  • Eskilsson, L., & Hogdahl, E. (2009). Cultural heritage across borders? – Framing and challenging the Snapphane story in southern Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 9, 65–80.
  • Fernandes, C., Pimenta, E., Gonçalves, F., & Rachão, S. (2012). A new research approach for religious tourism: the case study of the Portuguese route to Santiago. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 4(2), 83-94.
  • Gelbman, A. (2008). Border tourism in Israel: Conflict, peace, fear and hope. Tourism Geographies, 10(2), 193–213.
  • Gil, A.R., & Curiel, J.E. (2008). Religious Events as Special Interest Tourism: A Spanish Experience. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 6(3), 419 – 433.
  • Greffe, X. (1994) Is rural tourism a lever for economic and social development? Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(1), 39-50.
  • Guseynov, R.A. (1996). Ethnic Situation in the Caucasus. (14.06.2017), retrieved from http://sam.gov.tr/ethnic-situation-in-the-caucasus/
  • Güzel, F.Ö. (2010). Turistik Ürün Çeşitlendirmesi Kapsamında Yeni Bir Dinamik: İnanç Turizmi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 2(2), 87-100.
  • Hall, D.R. (1990). Stalinism and tourism: A study of Albania and North Korea. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(1), 36–54.
  • Ioannides, D., Nielsen, P., & Billing, P. (2006). Transboundary collaboration in tourism: The case of the Bothnian Arc. Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, 8(2), 122–142.
  • Jerabek, P. (2012). Impacts of joining the Schengen treaty on tourism in the Czech Republic. Journal of Tourism and Services, 3, 114–125.
  • Kantarcı, H. (2006). Soğuk savaş sonrasında Kafkasya'da ABD ve Rusya Federasyonunun güç mücadeleleri ve mücadelelerin Türkiye'ye etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi.
  • Karaman S., & Usta, K. (2006). İnanç Turizmi Açısından İznik and Bir Uygulama Çalışması. (pp: 473-489), III. Balıkesir Ulusal Turizm Kongresi, Balıkesir.
  • Kim, S.S., Timothy, D.J., & Han, H.C. (2007). Tourism and political ideologies: A case of tourism in North Korea. Tourism Management, 28(4), 1031–1043.
  • Kong, L. (2001). Mapping ‘new’ geographies of religion, politics and poetics in modernity. Progress in Human Geography, 25(2), 211–233.
  • McDaniel, S.W., & Burnett, J.J. (1990). Consumer religiosity and retail store evaluation criteria. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 18 (2), 101–112.
  • Murray, M., & Graham, B. (1997). Exploring the dialectics of route based tourism: the Camino de Santiago, Tourism Management, 18(8), 513-524.
  • National Statistics Office of Georgia (2018). International Travel Statistics. (08.01.2018), retrieved from http://stats.gnta.ge/Default.aspx
  • Newman, D. (2006). The lines that continue to separate us: borders in our ‘borderless’ world. Progress in Human Geography, 30(2), 143–161.
  • Nolan, M.L., & Nolan, S. (1992). Religions sites as tourism attractions in Europe. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(1), 67–78.
  • Olsen, D.H. (2013). A Scalar Comparison of Motivations and Expectations of Experience within the Religious Tourism Market. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 1(1), 41-61.
  • Özgen, N. (2010). Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin doğal turizm potansiyelinin belirlenmesi ve planlamaya yönelik öneriler. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 1407-1438.
  • Poria, Y., Butler R., & Airey, D. (2003). Tourism, Religion and Religiosity: A Holy Mess. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(4), 340-363.
  • Prokkola, E. (2010). Borders in tourism: the transformation of the Swedish-Finnish border landscape. Current Issues in Tourism, 13, 223–238.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2017). Tourism Statistics. (23.08.2017), retrieved from http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,153017/tourismstatistics.html
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2011). Political Relations between Turkey and Georgia. (23.08.2017), retrieved from http://www.mfa.gov.tr
  • Richter, L.K. (1980). The political use of tourism: a Philippine case study. Journal of Developing Areas, 14(2), 237–257.
  • Riessman, C. K. (1993). Narrative analysis. Newbury Park: Sage Publications
  • Rinschede, G. (1992). Forms of Religious Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 51-67
  • Rodriguez, B., Molina, J., Perez, F., & Caballero, R. (2012) Interactive design of personalised tourism routes. Tourism Management, 33, 926-940.
  • Santos, X.M. (2002). Pilgrimage and Tourism at Santiago de Compostela. Tourism Recreation Research, 27(2), 41-50.
  • Sarkım, M. (2007). Sürdürülebilir Turizm Kapsamında Turistik Ürün Çeşitlendirme Politikaları ve Antalya Örneği. Doktora Tezi. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül University.
  • Seaton, A. V. (2002). Than tourism’s final frontiers? Visits to cemeteries, churchyards and funerary sites as sacred and secular pilgrimage. Tourism Recreation Research, 27(2), 27–33.
  • Seferaj, K. (2014). Sustainable Development Aspects in Cross-Border Cooperation Programmes: The Case of Macedonia and Albania, Romanian Journal of European Affairs, 14(4), 44 – 55
  • SERKA (2014). 2014 - 2013 TRA2 Bölge Planı. Kars: Serhat Regional Development Agency.
  • Sevinç, H., & Azgün, S. (2012). Bölgesel Kalkınma ve İnanç Turizmi Bağlamında Akdamar Kilisesi Örneği. Uluslararası Sosyal ve Ekonomik Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2) 17-21.
  • Sharma, V. (2013). Faith Tourism: for a Healthy Environment and a More Sensitive World. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 1(1), 15-23.
  • Sheikhi, A. R. (2015). Tourism Impacts In A Multiethnic Society: The Case Of Baluchis In Iran. Tourism, Culture & Communication, 15, 33-46.
  • Shinde K. A., & Rizzello, K. (2014). A Cross-cultural Comparison of Weekend–trips in Religious Tourism: Insights from two cultures, two countries (India and Italy). International journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 2(2), 16-34.
  • Singh, R. (2006). Pilgrimage in Hinduism: historical context and modern perspectives. In D. J. Timothy, & D. H. Olsen (Eds.), Tourism, religion, and spiritual journeys (pp. 220–236). London: Routledge.
  • Sofield, T. H. B. (2006). Border tourism and border communities: An overview. Tourism Geographies, 8(2), 102–121.
  • Sylvén, M., Reinvang, R., & Andersone-Lille, Z. (2008). Climate Change in Southern Caucasus, Impacts on nature, people and society. World Wildlife Fund: (WWF) Report.
  • Tapur, T. (2009). Konya İlinde Kültür ve İnanç Turizmi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(9), 473-492.
  • Tarlow, P. E. (2010). Religious and Pilgrimage Tourism. (04.05.2017), retrieved from http://www.destination world.info
  • The Confraternity of Saint James (2017) Pilgrim Numbers. (05.01.2018), retrieved from https://www.csj.org. uk/the-present-day-pilgrimage/pilgrim-numbers/
  • Timothy, D. J., & Olsen, D. H. (2006). Tourism, Religion and Religious Journeys. London: Routledge.
  • Triantafillidou, A., Koritos C., Chatzipanagiotou, K., & Vassilikopoulou, A. (2010). Pilgrimages: the "promised land" for travel agents?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(3), 382-398.
  • Turkish State Meteorological Service (2018). Official Climate Statistics. (08.01.2018), retrieved from https://mevbis. mgm.gov.tr
  • UNDESA (2017). World Population Prospects 2017. (12.01.2018), retrieved from https://esa.un.org/ unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/
  • UNESCO (2017). Heritage List. (03.07.2017), retrieved from http://www.unesco.org
  • UNWTO (2011). Religious Tourism in Asia and the Pacific. Madrid: UNWTO.
  • US Bureau of Intelligence and Research (2011). Detailed map of Caucasus region. (02.06.2018), retrieved from http://www.mappery.com/map-of/Detailed-map-of-Caucasus-region
  • Usta, Ö. (2001). Genel Turizm. İzmir: Anadolu Matbaacılık.
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Faith Tourism and “Possible” Faith Tourism Routes between Turkey and Georgia

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 379 - 388, 11.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.337854

Öz

Local administrations support tourism because of
its positive economic effects on local economy besides, culture and faith
tourism is important through preservation of cultural heritage and local
development. In this study, potential in faith tourism of North-eastern part of
Turkey and Georgia are explicated and to contribute to cross-border
collaboration and tolerance between different religions, a proposal religious
tourism route is designed as basic step. Beyond being the first study done in
the one of less developed regions of Turkey and Georgia, this paper provides
valuable information to tourism planners and decision makers to build joint
projects between two neighbouring countries. 

Kaynakça

  • Akbaş, H. (2016). Hopa ve Batum TSO’nun yaptıkları toplantıda işbirliği kararı alındı. (10.08.2017), retrieved from http://habercigazete.com/arsiv/haber_ detayc674. html ?haberID=12791
  • Alderman, D.H. (2002). Writing on the Graceland wall, on the importance of authorship in pilgrimage landscapes. Tourism Recreation Research, 2(72), 27–33.
  • Ateljevic, I., & Doorne, S. (2002). Representing New Zealand: Tourism imagery and ideology. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(3), 648–667.
  • Bar, D., & Cohen-Hattab, K. (2003). A new kind of pilgrimage: the modern tourist pilgrim of ninetieth century and early twentieth century Palestine. Middle Eastern Studies, 32(2), 131 – 148
  • Belhassen, Y. & Ebel, J. (2009). Tourism, faith and politics in the Holy Land: an ideological analysis of evangelical pilgrimage. Current Issues in Tourism, 12:4, 359-378.
  • Blackman, A., Foster, F., Hyvonen, T., Jewell, B., Kuilboer, A., & Moscardo, G. (2004). Factors Contributing to Successful Tourism Development in Peripheral Regions. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 15(1), 59 – 70
  • Blasco, D., Guia, J., & Prats, L. (2014). Emergence of governance in cross-border destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 159-173.
  • Briedenhann, J., & Wickens, E. (2004). Tourism routes as a tool for the economic development of rural areas—vibrant hope or impossible dream?. Tourism Management, 25, 71–79.
  • Coene, F. (2010). The Caucasus: an Introduction. New York: Taylor & Francis.
  • Cohen, E. (1988). Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 15, 371-386
  • Cohen-Hattab, K. (2004). Zionism, tourism, and the battle for Palestine: Tourism as a political propaganda tool. Israeli Studies, 9(1), 61–85.
  • Collins-Kreiner, N. (2010). Current Jewish pilgrimage tourism: Modes and models of development. Tourism, 58, 259-270.
  • Cornell S.E. (2005). Small Nations and Great Powers A Study Of Ethnopolitical Conflict In The Caucasus. London: Routledge Curzon.
  • Delener, N. (1990). The effects of religious factors on perceived risk in durable goods purchase decisions. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 7 (3), 27–38.
  • Digance, J. (2003). Pilgrimage at contested sites. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 143–159.
  • Doney, S. (2013). The Sacred Economy: Devotional Objects as Sacred Presence for German Catholics in Aachen and Trier, 1832-1937. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 1(1), 62-71.
  • Dredge, D., & Jamal, T. (2013). Mobilities on the Gold Coast, Australia: Implications for destination governance and sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(4), 557–579.
  • Durgun, A. (2006). Bölgesel Kalkınmada Turizmin Rolü: Isparta Rolü. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel University.
  • ENVSEC (2011). Climate Change in the South Caucasus. (15.08.2017), retrieved from http://www.envsec.org/ publications/climatechangesouthcaucasus.pdf
  • Eskilsson, L., & Hogdahl, E. (2009). Cultural heritage across borders? – Framing and challenging the Snapphane story in southern Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 9, 65–80.
  • Fernandes, C., Pimenta, E., Gonçalves, F., & Rachão, S. (2012). A new research approach for religious tourism: the case study of the Portuguese route to Santiago. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 4(2), 83-94.
  • Gelbman, A. (2008). Border tourism in Israel: Conflict, peace, fear and hope. Tourism Geographies, 10(2), 193–213.
  • Gil, A.R., & Curiel, J.E. (2008). Religious Events as Special Interest Tourism: A Spanish Experience. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 6(3), 419 – 433.
  • Greffe, X. (1994) Is rural tourism a lever for economic and social development? Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(1), 39-50.
  • Guseynov, R.A. (1996). Ethnic Situation in the Caucasus. (14.06.2017), retrieved from http://sam.gov.tr/ethnic-situation-in-the-caucasus/
  • Güzel, F.Ö. (2010). Turistik Ürün Çeşitlendirmesi Kapsamında Yeni Bir Dinamik: İnanç Turizmi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 2(2), 87-100.
  • Hall, D.R. (1990). Stalinism and tourism: A study of Albania and North Korea. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(1), 36–54.
  • Ioannides, D., Nielsen, P., & Billing, P. (2006). Transboundary collaboration in tourism: The case of the Bothnian Arc. Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, 8(2), 122–142.
  • Jerabek, P. (2012). Impacts of joining the Schengen treaty on tourism in the Czech Republic. Journal of Tourism and Services, 3, 114–125.
  • Kantarcı, H. (2006). Soğuk savaş sonrasında Kafkasya'da ABD ve Rusya Federasyonunun güç mücadeleleri ve mücadelelerin Türkiye'ye etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi.
  • Karaman S., & Usta, K. (2006). İnanç Turizmi Açısından İznik and Bir Uygulama Çalışması. (pp: 473-489), III. Balıkesir Ulusal Turizm Kongresi, Balıkesir.
  • Kim, S.S., Timothy, D.J., & Han, H.C. (2007). Tourism and political ideologies: A case of tourism in North Korea. Tourism Management, 28(4), 1031–1043.
  • Kong, L. (2001). Mapping ‘new’ geographies of religion, politics and poetics in modernity. Progress in Human Geography, 25(2), 211–233.
  • McDaniel, S.W., & Burnett, J.J. (1990). Consumer religiosity and retail store evaluation criteria. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 18 (2), 101–112.
  • Murray, M., & Graham, B. (1997). Exploring the dialectics of route based tourism: the Camino de Santiago, Tourism Management, 18(8), 513-524.
  • National Statistics Office of Georgia (2018). International Travel Statistics. (08.01.2018), retrieved from http://stats.gnta.ge/Default.aspx
  • Newman, D. (2006). The lines that continue to separate us: borders in our ‘borderless’ world. Progress in Human Geography, 30(2), 143–161.
  • Nolan, M.L., & Nolan, S. (1992). Religions sites as tourism attractions in Europe. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(1), 67–78.
  • Olsen, D.H. (2013). A Scalar Comparison of Motivations and Expectations of Experience within the Religious Tourism Market. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 1(1), 41-61.
  • Özgen, N. (2010). Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin doğal turizm potansiyelinin belirlenmesi ve planlamaya yönelik öneriler. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 1407-1438.
  • Poria, Y., Butler R., & Airey, D. (2003). Tourism, Religion and Religiosity: A Holy Mess. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(4), 340-363.
  • Prokkola, E. (2010). Borders in tourism: the transformation of the Swedish-Finnish border landscape. Current Issues in Tourism, 13, 223–238.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2017). Tourism Statistics. (23.08.2017), retrieved from http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,153017/tourismstatistics.html
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2011). Political Relations between Turkey and Georgia. (23.08.2017), retrieved from http://www.mfa.gov.tr
  • Richter, L.K. (1980). The political use of tourism: a Philippine case study. Journal of Developing Areas, 14(2), 237–257.
  • Riessman, C. K. (1993). Narrative analysis. Newbury Park: Sage Publications
  • Rinschede, G. (1992). Forms of Religious Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 51-67
  • Rodriguez, B., Molina, J., Perez, F., & Caballero, R. (2012) Interactive design of personalised tourism routes. Tourism Management, 33, 926-940.
  • Santos, X.M. (2002). Pilgrimage and Tourism at Santiago de Compostela. Tourism Recreation Research, 27(2), 41-50.
  • Sarkım, M. (2007). Sürdürülebilir Turizm Kapsamında Turistik Ürün Çeşitlendirme Politikaları ve Antalya Örneği. Doktora Tezi. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül University.
  • Seaton, A. V. (2002). Than tourism’s final frontiers? Visits to cemeteries, churchyards and funerary sites as sacred and secular pilgrimage. Tourism Recreation Research, 27(2), 27–33.
  • Seferaj, K. (2014). Sustainable Development Aspects in Cross-Border Cooperation Programmes: The Case of Macedonia and Albania, Romanian Journal of European Affairs, 14(4), 44 – 55
  • SERKA (2014). 2014 - 2013 TRA2 Bölge Planı. Kars: Serhat Regional Development Agency.
  • Sevinç, H., & Azgün, S. (2012). Bölgesel Kalkınma ve İnanç Turizmi Bağlamında Akdamar Kilisesi Örneği. Uluslararası Sosyal ve Ekonomik Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2) 17-21.
  • Sharma, V. (2013). Faith Tourism: for a Healthy Environment and a More Sensitive World. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 1(1), 15-23.
  • Sheikhi, A. R. (2015). Tourism Impacts In A Multiethnic Society: The Case Of Baluchis In Iran. Tourism, Culture & Communication, 15, 33-46.
  • Shinde K. A., & Rizzello, K. (2014). A Cross-cultural Comparison of Weekend–trips in Religious Tourism: Insights from two cultures, two countries (India and Italy). International journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 2(2), 16-34.
  • Singh, R. (2006). Pilgrimage in Hinduism: historical context and modern perspectives. In D. J. Timothy, & D. H. Olsen (Eds.), Tourism, religion, and spiritual journeys (pp. 220–236). London: Routledge.
  • Sofield, T. H. B. (2006). Border tourism and border communities: An overview. Tourism Geographies, 8(2), 102–121.
  • Sylvén, M., Reinvang, R., & Andersone-Lille, Z. (2008). Climate Change in Southern Caucasus, Impacts on nature, people and society. World Wildlife Fund: (WWF) Report.
  • Tapur, T. (2009). Konya İlinde Kültür ve İnanç Turizmi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(9), 473-492.
  • Tarlow, P. E. (2010). Religious and Pilgrimage Tourism. (04.05.2017), retrieved from http://www.destination world.info
  • The Confraternity of Saint James (2017) Pilgrim Numbers. (05.01.2018), retrieved from https://www.csj.org. uk/the-present-day-pilgrimage/pilgrim-numbers/
  • Timothy, D. J., & Olsen, D. H. (2006). Tourism, Religion and Religious Journeys. London: Routledge.
  • Triantafillidou, A., Koritos C., Chatzipanagiotou, K., & Vassilikopoulou, A. (2010). Pilgrimages: the "promised land" for travel agents?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(3), 382-398.
  • Turkish State Meteorological Service (2018). Official Climate Statistics. (08.01.2018), retrieved from https://mevbis. mgm.gov.tr
  • UNDESA (2017). World Population Prospects 2017. (12.01.2018), retrieved from https://esa.un.org/ unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/
  • UNESCO (2017). Heritage List. (03.07.2017), retrieved from http://www.unesco.org
  • UNWTO (2011). Religious Tourism in Asia and the Pacific. Madrid: UNWTO.
  • US Bureau of Intelligence and Research (2011). Detailed map of Caucasus region. (02.06.2018), retrieved from http://www.mappery.com/map-of/Detailed-map-of-Caucasus-region
  • Usta, Ö. (2001). Genel Turizm. İzmir: Anadolu Matbaacılık.
  • Vukonic, B. (1992). Medjugotje's religion and tourism connection. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 79-91.
  • Vukonic, B. (2002). Religion, Tourism and Economics: A Convenient Symbiosis. Tourism Recreation Research, 27(2), 59–64
  • Wang, D., & Ap, J. (2013). Factors affecting tourism policy implementation: A conceptual framework and a case study in China. Tourism Management, 36, 221–233.
  • Weidenfeld, A. (2013). Tourism and Cross Border Regional Innovation Systems. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 191–213.
  • Wesley, A., & Pforr, C. (2010). The governance of coastal tourism: Unravelling the layers of complexity at Smiths Beach, Western Australia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(6), 773–792.
  • Wilkes, R. E., Burnett, J. J., & Howell, R. D. (1986). On the meaning and measurement of religiosity in consumer research. Academy of Marketing Science, 14 (10), 47–56.
  • Woodward, S. C. (2004). Faith and Tourism: Planning Tourism in Relation to Places of Worship. Tourism and Hospitality Planning and Development, 1(2), 173-186.
  • Wright, K. (2007). Religious Tourism. Leisure Group Travel Special Edition, (October), 8-16.
  • Zaichkowsky, J.L., & Sood, J.H. (1989). A Global look at consumer involvement and use of products. International Marketing Review, 6 (1), 20–34.
  • Zillinger, M. (2007). Tourist routes: A time-geographical approach on German car-tourists in Sweden. Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, 9(1), 64–83.
Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Uğur Çalışkan 0000-0002-6844-7197

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Nisan 2018
Kabul Tarihi 11 Şubat 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Çalışkan, U. (2018). Faith Tourism and “Possible” Faith Tourism Routes between Turkey and Georgia. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(3), 379-388. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.337854

Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.