FARKLI ORANLARDA KREATİN KULLANIMININ AMATÖR ERKEK FUTBOLCULARDA SPRINT PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 57 - 67, 30.03.2017

Yunus Öztaşyonar Mustafa Atasever

Öz

        Bu çalışma, farklı miktarlarda akut kreatin
yüklemesinin sprint performans üzerine olan etkisini incelemek amacıyla
yapıldı. Çalışmada 18 amatör genç erkek futbolcu denek olarak kullanıldı.
Denekler üç gruba ayrılarak, beş gün süreyle 1. gruba 4 x 5 g /gün, 2. gruba
2x5 g /gün kreatin monohidrat ve plesebo grubuna 4 x 5 g /gün glikoz verildi.
Kreatin yüklenme öncesi ve sonrası vücut ağırlıkları belirlendi, aralarında 30
sn dinlenme süresi bulunan 10 x 20 m sprint zamanları ve son sprinti takiben 2
dakikalık bir dinlenmeden sonra sıçrama yükseklikleri ölçüldü. Kreatin yükleme
sonrası vücut ağırlığında anlamlı düzeyde artış (p<0.05) belirlendi Ağırlık
artışları 1. Grupta 0.96 kg, 2. grupta 0.42 kg olarak tespit edildi. Sıçrama
yüksekliğinde 2. grup ve plesebo grubunda farklılık belirlenmezken (p>0.05),
1. grupta da önemli düzeyde (p<0.05) artış saptandı. Bacak ekstansör kaslarının
performansını gösteren sıçrama yüksekliğindeki anlamlı artışın, kreatin yükleme
ile artan quadriceps kreatin ve fosfolcreatin içeriğine bağlanabilir. Plesebo
grubu ve 2. gurupta 10 tekrarlı 20 m sprint zamanlan değişmezken, 1. grup Tın
8, 9 ve 10. tekrarlardaki ortalama sprint zamanı ile toplamdaki ortalama sprint
zamanları kısalmış anlamlı düzeyde düşmüştür.

        Sonuç olarak, 5 gün süresince 20 g /gün akut kreatin
yüklemesi yapılan amatör genç futbolcularda, bir maçta sonucu etkilediği
bilinen, kısa süreli yüksek şiddetli eforlarda (örn.; sprint sıçrama) gözlenen
iyileşmenin futbol performansını olumlu yönde etkilediği ve futbolcuların
ergojenik yardımcı olarak kreatin monohidrat kullanmasının uygun olabileceği
belirlendi. Ayrıca bu çalışma, aynı süre içerisinde yapılan 10 g/gün akut
kreatin yüklemesinin bir ergojenik etki oluşturmadığını ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Performans, Kreatin, Sprint, Futbolcu

THE EFFECT OF SPRINT PERFORMANCE OF AMATEUR MALE SOCCER USING DIFFERENT RATIO CREATINE

Öz

        This study was carried out to investigate the effect
of creatine loading of various amounts on the performance. In the study, 18
young amateur male soccerer were used as subjects. The subjects were divided
into three groups, and creatine monohydrate was given as 4x5 g/day (Group I),
2x5 g/day (Group II), and dextrose was given 4x5 g/day to the placebo group.
Body weights before and after creatine loading were measured and 10x20 m sprint
demation, having 30 second- resting time, and leaping heights after 2 second-resting
following sprint were measured. Body weight increased after creatine loading
signifıcantly in the first group. The increase was 0.96 in the fırst group
whereas 0.42 kg in the second group. While the height of jump didn’t change in
placebo or the second group, the increase was statistically signifıcant in the
first group. The significant increase of jump height indicating the performance
of leg extansor muscules may be due to increased phospocreatine content of
quadricebs with loading. While 10- repeated 20 m-sprint times don’t change in
placebo and the second groups, total average sprint time and average sprint
time’s in 8’th,9’th,10’th repetitions in the fırst group lowered signifıcantly. In
conclusion. Acute creatine loading (20 g/day for 5 days)improved the sprint
jumping perfprmance in amateur young male soccerers.

        This improvement may
affect the result of a match faveurably in soccer. Therefore, the use of
creatine as ergogenic contributor could be suitable. In addition this study
revealed that 10 g/day acute creatine loading done on the same day didn’t have
any ergogenic effect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Performance, Creatine, Sprint, Soccer Player

Kaynakça

• Aksu, Ç. A., (2001). Kreatin Yükleme Uygulamasının Futbol Performans Parametreleri Üzerine Olan Etkisi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Atasever, M., (2003). Spor ve Beslenme. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
• Balsom, P. D., Sederlond, K., Sjodin, B., & Ekblom, B., (1995). Skeletal Muscle Metabolism During Short Duration High-Intensity Exercise: Influence of Creatine Supplementation. Acta Physiology Scand, 154, 303-310.
• Balsom, P. D., Harridge, S. D., Söderlund, K., Sjodin, B. & Ekblom, B., (1993). Creatine Supplementation Perse does not Enhance Endurance Exercise Performance. Acta Physiol Scand, 149, 521-523.
• Casey, A., Costantin-Teodosiu, D., Howel, S. & Hultman, E., (1996). Creatine Ingestion Favorably Affects Performance and Muscle Metabolism During Maximal Exercise in Humans. Am J Physiol, 271, 31-37.
• Casey, A. & Greenhalff, P. L., (2000). Does Dietary Creatine Supplementation Play a Role in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Performance? Am J Clin Nutr, 72, 607-617.
• Cox, G., Mujika , I., Tumilty, D. & Burke, L., (2002). Acute Creatine Supplementation and Performance During a Field Test Simulating Match Play in Elite Female Soccer Players. Int J Sports Exerc, 12, 33-46.
• Dawson, B., Cutler, M., Moody, A., Lawrence, S., Goodman , C. & Randall, N., (1995). Effects of Oral Creatine Loading on Single and Repeated Maximal Short Sprints. Aust J Sci Med Sport, 27, 56-61.
• Delecluse, C., Diels, R. & Goris, M., (2003). Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Intermittent Sprint Running Performance in Highly Trained Athlets. J Strength and Conditioning Res, 17, 446-454.
• Fox , E. L., Bowers, R. W. & Foss, M. L., (1999). Beden Eğitimi ve Sporun Fizyolojik Temelleri. (M. Cerit, Çev.) Ankara: Bağırgan Yayınevi.
• Fry, D. M. & Morales , M. F., (1980). A Reexamination of the Effects of Creatine on Muscle Protein Synthesis in Tissue Culture. J Celi Biol, 84, 294-297.
• Greenhalff , P. L., Bodin, K., Söderlund, K. & Hultman, E., (1994). Effect of Oral Cteatine Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Phosphocreatine Resynthesis. Am J Phy, 266, 725-730.
• Gren, A. L., Simpson, E. J. & Littlewood, J. J., (1996). Carbohydrate Ingestion Augments Creatine Retention During Creatine Feeding in Humans. Acta Physiol Scand, 158, 195-202.
• Guyton, A. C. & Hail, J. E., (1996). Textbook of Medical Physiology. (Ç. L, Çev.) İstanbul: Tavaslı Matbaacılık.
• Güner, R., Kunduracıoğlu, B. & Özkara, A., (1999). Kreatin YüklemeninYüksek Şiddetli Aralıklı Egzersizlerdeki Sprint Performansı Üzerine Etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 10, 16-24.
• Haris, R. C., Söderlund, K. & Hultman , E., (1992). Elevation of Creatine in Resting Exercised Muscle of Normal Subjects by Creatine Supplementation. Clin Sci, 83, 367-364.
• Hultman, E. K., Soderlond, K. & Timmons, J. A., (1996). Muscle Creatine Loading in Men. J Appl Physiol, 81, 232-237.
• Ingwall, J. S., (1976). Creatine and the Control of Muscle-Specific Protein Synthesis in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle. Circ Res, 38, 115-123.
• Ingwalll, J. S. & Wildenthal, K., (1976). Role of Creatine in the Regulation of Cardiac Protein Synthesis. J Cell Biol, 68, 159-163.
• Izquierdo, M., Ibanez, J., Gonzalez-Badillo, J. J. & Gorostiaga, E. M., (2002). Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Power Endurance and Sprint Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34, 332-343.
• Javierre, C., Lizarraga, M. A., Ventura, J. L., Garrido, E. & Segura, K., (1997). Creatine Supplementation does not Improve Physical Performance in a 150 m Race. Rev Esp Fisiol, 53, 343-348.
• Kinugasa, R., Akima, H., Ota, A., Ohta, A., Sugiura, K. & Kuno, S. Y., (2004). Short-Term Creatine Supplementation Does not Improve Muscle Activation or Sprint Performance in Humans. Eur J Appl Physiol , 91, 230-237.
• Kreider, R. B., Ferreira, M., Wison , M., Grindstaff, P., Plisk, S., Reinardy, J. & Almada, A. L., (1998). Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Body Composition, Strength, and Sprint Performance. Med Sci Sports Exercs, 30, 73-82.
• McNaughton, L. R., Dalton, B. & Tarr, J., (1998). The Effects of Creatine Supplementation on High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Elite Performers. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 78, 236-240.
• Mujika, T., Padilla, S., Ibanez, J., Izquierdo, M. & Gorostiaga, E., (2000). Creatine Supplementation and Sprint Performace in Soccer Players. Med Scin Sports Exerc, 32, 518-525.
• Özkara, A., Güner, R., Kunduracıoğlu, B. & Günay, M., (2000). Creatin Yüklemenin Düz ve Slalaom Koşularında Sprint Performansı Üzerine Etkileri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11, 56-63.
• Parise, G., Mihic, S., MacLennan , D., Yarasheski, K. E. & Tamopolsky, M. A., (2001). Effects of Acute Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Leucine Kinetics and Mixed- Muscle Protein Synthesis. J Appl Physiol, 91, 1041-1047.
• Redondo, D. R., Dowling, E. A., Graham, B. L., Almada , A. L. & Williams, M. H., (1996). The Effect of Oral Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Running Velocity. Int J Sport Nutr, 6, 213-221.
• Schedel, J. M., Terrier, P. & Schutz, Y., (2000). The Biomechanic Origin of Sprint Performance Enhancement After One-Week Creatine Supplementation. Jpn J Physiol, 50, 273-276.
• Smart, N. A., McKenzie, S. G., Nix, L. M. & Baldwin, P. K., (1998). Creatine Supplementation does not Improve Repeat Sprint Performance in Soccer Players. Med Sci Sports and Exerc, 30, 140-146.
• Snow, R. J., McKenna, M. J. & Selig, S. E., (1998). Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Sprint Exercise Performance and Muscle Metabolism. J Appl Physiology, 84, 1667-1673.
• Terjung, R. L., Clarkson, P., Eichner, E. R., Greenhaff, P. L. & Hespel, P. J., (2000). American College of Sports Medicine Roundtable.The Physiological and Health Effects of Oral Creatine Supplementation. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32, 706-717.
• Theodorou, A. S., Cooke, C. B., King, R. F., Hood, C., Denison, T. & Wainwright, B. G., (1999). The Effect of Longer-Term Creatine Supplementation on Elite Swimming Performance After an Acute Creatine Loading. J Sports Sci, 17, 853-859.
• Van Leemputte, M., Vandenberghe, K. & Hespel, P., (1999). Shortening of Muscle Relaxation Time After Creatine Loading. J Appl Physiol, 86, 840-844.
• Van Loon, U., Oosterlaar, A. M., Hartgens , F., Hesselink, M. K. & Snow, R. J., (2003). Effects of Creatine Loading and Prolonged Creatine Supplementation on Body Composition Fuel Selection, Sprint and Endurance Performance in HUmans. Clin Sci (Lond), 104, 153-162.
• Vanderberghe, K., Goris, M., Van Hecke, P. & Van Leemputte, P., (1997). Long-Term Creatine Intake is Beneficial to Muscle Performance During Resistance Training. J Appl Physiol, 83, 2055-2063.
• Wakatsuki, T., Ohira, Y., Yasui, W., Nakamura, K., Asakura, T. & Ohno, H., (1994). Responses of Conctractile Properties in Rat Soleus to High-Energy Phosphates and/or Unloading. Jpn J Physiol, 44, 193-204.
• Wilmore, J. H. & Costill, D. L., (1994). Physiology of Sport and Exercise. Toronto: Human Kinetics.
• Young, R. B. & Denome, R. M., (1984). Effect of Creatine on Contents of Myosin-Heavy-Chain and Myosin-Heavy-Chain mRNA in Steady-State Chicken Muscle-Cell Cultures. Biochem J, 15(218), 871-876.
• Ziegenfuss, T., Lemon, P. W., Rogers, M. R., Ross, R. & Yarasheski, K. E., (1997). Acute Creatine Ingestion: Effects on Muscule Volume, Anaerobic Power, Fluid Volume and Protein Turnover. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 29, 127.