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İHTİYATLILIK İLKESİNİN ELEŞTİREL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 379 - 396, 27.11.2010

Öz

İhtiyatlılık ilkesinin savunucuları onu belirsiz çevre riskleriyle
ilgilenmede bütün düzeylerde çevreyi korumanın kılavuzu olarak kabul ederken;
karşıtları ilkenin formülasyonu, aplikasyonu ve yasal statüsü gibi çeşitli
yönlerine ilişkin birçok soruna işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışmada ihtiyatlılık
ilkesinin lehinde ve aleyhinde temel argümanlar ele alınmıştır. Belirsiz
durumlarda çevreye ilişkin kararlarları almayı yönlendirebilmesi için ilkenin
daha fazla rafine edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • (1998) Wingspread Statement on the Precautionary Principle, http://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/precaution-3.html (13.08.2007).
  • Adams, M. D. (2002) “The Precautionary Principle and the Rhetoric Behind it”, Journal of Risk Research, 5(4), ss.301 316.
  • Andorno, R. (2004) “The Precautionary Principle: A New Legal Standard for a Technological Age”, Journal of International Biotechnology Law, 1(1), ss.11 19.
  • Barrett, K. ve Raffensperger, C. (1999) “Precautionary Science”, Raffensperger, C. ve Tickner J. (Der.) Protecting Public Health And The Environment: Implementing The Precautionary Principle, Island Press, Washington, ss.106 122.
  • Basili, M. ve Franzini, M. (2006) “Understanding the Risk of an Avian Flue Pandemic: Rational Waiting or Precautionary Failure?”, Risk Analysis, 26(3), ss.617 630.
  • Beck, U. (2006) “Living in the World Risk Society”, Economy and Society, 35(3), ss.329 345. Calzada, G., Philippe, C. ve Mera, X. (2005), “The Precautionary Principle: A High-Risk Principle”, Economic Affairs, 25(3), ss.60 62.
  • Carr, S. (2002) “Ethical and Value-Based Aspects of the European Commission’s Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 15(1), ss.31 38.
  • Chase, A. (1997) “Some Cautionary Remarks about the Precautionary Principle”, ‘Countdown to Kyoto’: The Consequences of the Mandatory Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reductions, Australian APEC Study Centre, Canberra, 19-21 August 1997, http://www.apec.org.au/ docs/chase.pdf (13.02.2007).
  • Chowdhury, N. ve Sahapandit, S. (2007) “The Legal Regime for Application of the Precautionary Principle in India: Future Directions for the GM Regulatory Regime”, International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 7(3), ss.281 300.
  • Collins, H.M. ve Evans, R. (2002) “The Third Wave of Science Studies: Studies of Expertise and Experience”, Social Studies of Science, 32(2), ss.235 296.
  • COMEST (2005) The Precautionary Principle, UNESCO, Paris, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001395/139578e.pdf (13.07.2007).
  • Cooney, R. (2004) The Precautionary Principle in Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resource Management, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, http: //www.principle.net/publications/PrecautionaryPrincipleissuepaper.pdf (17.06.2007).
  • Cranor, C.F. (2004) “Toward Understanding Aspects of the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 29(3), ss.259 279. De Sadeleer, N. (2000) “The Enforcement of the Precautionary Principle by German, French and Belgian Courts”, Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 9(2), ss.144 151.
  • De Sadeleer, N. (2006) “The Precautionary Principle in EC Health and Environmental Law”, European Law Journal, 12(2), ss.139 172.
  • Dupuy, J.P. ve Grinbaum, A. (2005) “Living with Uncertainty: From the Precautionary Principle to the Methodology of Ongoing Normative Assessment” Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 337(4), ss.457 474.
  • Feintuck, M. (2005) “The Precautionary Maybe, But What’s the Principle? The Precautionary Principle, the Regulation of Risk, and the Public Domain”, Journal of Law and Society, 32(3), ss.371 398.
  • Funtowicz, S. ve Ravetz, J. (2003) Post-Normal Science, http://www.ecoeco.org/pdf/pstnormsc. pdf (15.08.2007).
  • Goldstein, Bernard D. ve Carruth, R.S. (2005) “Implications of the Precautionary Principle: Is it a Threat to Science?” Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 11(1), ss.209 219.
  • Guldberg, H. (2003), Challenging the Precautionary Principle, http://www.spiked-online.com/Articles/00000006DE2F.htm (4.02.2007).
  • Hanekamp, J. C., Vera-Navas, G. ve Verstegen, S. W. (2005) “The Historical Roots of Precautionary Thinking: The Cultural Ecological Critique and ‘The Limits to Growth’”, Journal of Risk Research, 8(4), ss.295 310.
  • Harris, J. ve Holm, S. (2002) “Extending Human Lifespan and the Precautionary Paradox”, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 27(3), ss.355 368.
  • Heazle, M. (2006) “Lessons in Precaution: The International Whaling Commission Experience with Precautionary Management”, Marine Policy, 30(5), ss.496-509.
  • Hughes, J. (2006) “How not to Criticize the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 31(5), ss.447 464.
  • Immordino, G. (2003) “Looking for a Guide to Protect the Environment: The Development of the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 17(5), ss.629 643.
  • Jensen, K.K. (2002) “The Moral Foundation of the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 15(1), ss.39 55.
  • Jordan, A. ve O’Riordan, T. (1999) “The Precautionary Principle in Contemporary Environmental Policy and Politics”, Raffensperger, C. ve Tickner, J. (Der.) Protecting Public Health and the Environment: Implementing the Precautionary Principle, Island Press, Washington, ss.15 35.
  • Keeney, R.L. ve Von Winterfeldt, D. (2001) “Appraising the Precautionary Principle - A Decision Analysis Perspective”, Journal of Risk Research, 4(2), ss.191 202.
  • Keiner, M. (2004) “Re-Emphasizing Sustainable Development the Concept of Evolutionability”, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 6(4), ss.379 392.
  • Klinke, A., Dreyer, M., Renn, O., Stirling, A. ve Van Zwanenberg, P. (2006) “Precautionary Risk Regulation in European Governance”, Journal of Risk Research, 9(4), ss.373 392.
  • Kopelman, L.M., Resnick, D. ve Weed, D.L. (2004) What is the Role of the Precautionary Principle in the Philosophy of Medicine and Bioethics?” Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 29(3), ss.255 258.
  • Majone, G. (2002) “What Price Safety? The Precautionary Principle and its Policy Implications”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(1), ss.89 109.
  • Manson, Neil A. (2007) “The Concept of Irreversibility: Its Use in Sustainable Development and Precautionary Principle Literatures”, The Electronic Journal of Sustainable Development, 1(1), ss.3 15.
  • Marchant, G.E. ve Mossman, K.L. (2005) Arbitrary and Capricious the Precautionary Principle in the European Courts, International Policy Press, London.
  • Matsuda, H. (2003) “Challenges Posed by the Precautionary Principle and Accountability in Ecological Risk Assessment”, Environmetrics, 14(2), ss.245 254
  • Noiville, C., Bois, F.Y., Hubert, P., Lahidji, R. ve Grimfeld, A. (2006) “Opinion of the Committee for Prevention and Precaution about the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Risk Research, 9(4), ss.287 296.
  • Paterson, J. (2007) “Sustainable Development, Sustainable Decisions and the Precautionary Principle”, Natural Hazards, 42(3), ss.515 528.
  • Percival, R.V. (2005) “Who is Afraid of the Precautionary Principle?”, University of Maryland School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2005 - 62, http://ssm.com/abstract=831824 (15.06.2007).
  • Petersen, A.C. (2002) “The Precautionary Principle Knowledge Uncertainty and Environmental Assessment”, Paper for Nob/Nig Workshop Knowledge Uncertainty 30-31 October 2002 Erasmus University Rotterdam, http://www.uitgezoocht.nl/VU/Docs/Precautionary_Principle.pdf (14.08.2007).
  • Peterson, D.C. (2006) “Precaution: Principles and Practice in Australian Environmental and Natural Resources Management”, The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 50(4), ss.469 489. Peterson, M. (2006) “The Precautionary Principle is Incoherent”, Risk Analysis, 26(3), ss.595 601.
  • Resnik, D.B. (2003) “Is the Precautionary Principle Unscientific?”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 34(2), ss.329 344.
  • Sandin, P. (1999) “Dimensions of the Precautionary Principle”, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 5(5), ss.889 907. Sandin, P. (2006) “The Precautionary Principle and Food Safety”, Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 1(1), ss.2 4.
  • Sandin, P., Peterson, M., Hansson, S.O., Ruden, C. Ve Juthe, A. (2002) “Five Charges against the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Risk Research, 5(4), ss.287 299.
  • Sunstein, C.R. (2003) “Beyond the Precautionary Principle”, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 151(3), ss.1003 1058.
  • Tallacchini, M. (2005) “Before and Beyond the Precautionary Principle: Epistemology of Uncertainty in Science and Law”, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 207(2), ss.645 651.
  • UNEP (1992) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development http://www.unep.org/ocuments.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID= 78&ArticleID=1163 (14.08.2007).
  • Van Asselt, M.B.A. ve Vos, E. (2006) “The Precautionary Principle and the Uncertainty Paradox”, Journal of Risk Research, 9(4), ss.313 336. Van Den Belt, H. ve Gremmen, B. (2002) “Between Precautionary Principle and Sound Science: Distributing the Burdens of Proof”, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 15(1), ss.103 122.
  • Van Der Sluijs, J. P. (2007), “Uncertainty and Precaution in Environmental Management: Insights from the UPEM Conference”, Environmental Modelling and Software, 22(5), ss.590 598.
  • Vineis, P. (2005) “Scientific Basis for the Precautionary Principle”, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 207(2), ss.658 662.
  • Weiss, C. (2003) “Scientific Uncertainty and Science Based Precaution”, International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 3(2), ss.137 166.
  • Wynia, M.K. (2005) “Public Health Principlism: The Precautionary Principle and Beyond”, The American Journal of Bioethics, 5(3), ss.3 4.
Yıl 2009, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 379 - 396, 27.11.2010

Öz

Kaynakça

  • (1998) Wingspread Statement on the Precautionary Principle, http://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/precaution-3.html (13.08.2007).
  • Adams, M. D. (2002) “The Precautionary Principle and the Rhetoric Behind it”, Journal of Risk Research, 5(4), ss.301 316.
  • Andorno, R. (2004) “The Precautionary Principle: A New Legal Standard for a Technological Age”, Journal of International Biotechnology Law, 1(1), ss.11 19.
  • Barrett, K. ve Raffensperger, C. (1999) “Precautionary Science”, Raffensperger, C. ve Tickner J. (Der.) Protecting Public Health And The Environment: Implementing The Precautionary Principle, Island Press, Washington, ss.106 122.
  • Basili, M. ve Franzini, M. (2006) “Understanding the Risk of an Avian Flue Pandemic: Rational Waiting or Precautionary Failure?”, Risk Analysis, 26(3), ss.617 630.
  • Beck, U. (2006) “Living in the World Risk Society”, Economy and Society, 35(3), ss.329 345. Calzada, G., Philippe, C. ve Mera, X. (2005), “The Precautionary Principle: A High-Risk Principle”, Economic Affairs, 25(3), ss.60 62.
  • Carr, S. (2002) “Ethical and Value-Based Aspects of the European Commission’s Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 15(1), ss.31 38.
  • Chase, A. (1997) “Some Cautionary Remarks about the Precautionary Principle”, ‘Countdown to Kyoto’: The Consequences of the Mandatory Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reductions, Australian APEC Study Centre, Canberra, 19-21 August 1997, http://www.apec.org.au/ docs/chase.pdf (13.02.2007).
  • Chowdhury, N. ve Sahapandit, S. (2007) “The Legal Regime for Application of the Precautionary Principle in India: Future Directions for the GM Regulatory Regime”, International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 7(3), ss.281 300.
  • Collins, H.M. ve Evans, R. (2002) “The Third Wave of Science Studies: Studies of Expertise and Experience”, Social Studies of Science, 32(2), ss.235 296.
  • COMEST (2005) The Precautionary Principle, UNESCO, Paris, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001395/139578e.pdf (13.07.2007).
  • Cooney, R. (2004) The Precautionary Principle in Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resource Management, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, http: //www.principle.net/publications/PrecautionaryPrincipleissuepaper.pdf (17.06.2007).
  • Cranor, C.F. (2004) “Toward Understanding Aspects of the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 29(3), ss.259 279. De Sadeleer, N. (2000) “The Enforcement of the Precautionary Principle by German, French and Belgian Courts”, Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 9(2), ss.144 151.
  • De Sadeleer, N. (2006) “The Precautionary Principle in EC Health and Environmental Law”, European Law Journal, 12(2), ss.139 172.
  • Dupuy, J.P. ve Grinbaum, A. (2005) “Living with Uncertainty: From the Precautionary Principle to the Methodology of Ongoing Normative Assessment” Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 337(4), ss.457 474.
  • Feintuck, M. (2005) “The Precautionary Maybe, But What’s the Principle? The Precautionary Principle, the Regulation of Risk, and the Public Domain”, Journal of Law and Society, 32(3), ss.371 398.
  • Funtowicz, S. ve Ravetz, J. (2003) Post-Normal Science, http://www.ecoeco.org/pdf/pstnormsc. pdf (15.08.2007).
  • Goldstein, Bernard D. ve Carruth, R.S. (2005) “Implications of the Precautionary Principle: Is it a Threat to Science?” Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 11(1), ss.209 219.
  • Guldberg, H. (2003), Challenging the Precautionary Principle, http://www.spiked-online.com/Articles/00000006DE2F.htm (4.02.2007).
  • Hanekamp, J. C., Vera-Navas, G. ve Verstegen, S. W. (2005) “The Historical Roots of Precautionary Thinking: The Cultural Ecological Critique and ‘The Limits to Growth’”, Journal of Risk Research, 8(4), ss.295 310.
  • Harris, J. ve Holm, S. (2002) “Extending Human Lifespan and the Precautionary Paradox”, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 27(3), ss.355 368.
  • Heazle, M. (2006) “Lessons in Precaution: The International Whaling Commission Experience with Precautionary Management”, Marine Policy, 30(5), ss.496-509.
  • Hughes, J. (2006) “How not to Criticize the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 31(5), ss.447 464.
  • Immordino, G. (2003) “Looking for a Guide to Protect the Environment: The Development of the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 17(5), ss.629 643.
  • Jensen, K.K. (2002) “The Moral Foundation of the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 15(1), ss.39 55.
  • Jordan, A. ve O’Riordan, T. (1999) “The Precautionary Principle in Contemporary Environmental Policy and Politics”, Raffensperger, C. ve Tickner, J. (Der.) Protecting Public Health and the Environment: Implementing the Precautionary Principle, Island Press, Washington, ss.15 35.
  • Keeney, R.L. ve Von Winterfeldt, D. (2001) “Appraising the Precautionary Principle - A Decision Analysis Perspective”, Journal of Risk Research, 4(2), ss.191 202.
  • Keiner, M. (2004) “Re-Emphasizing Sustainable Development the Concept of Evolutionability”, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 6(4), ss.379 392.
  • Klinke, A., Dreyer, M., Renn, O., Stirling, A. ve Van Zwanenberg, P. (2006) “Precautionary Risk Regulation in European Governance”, Journal of Risk Research, 9(4), ss.373 392.
  • Kopelman, L.M., Resnick, D. ve Weed, D.L. (2004) What is the Role of the Precautionary Principle in the Philosophy of Medicine and Bioethics?” Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 29(3), ss.255 258.
  • Majone, G. (2002) “What Price Safety? The Precautionary Principle and its Policy Implications”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(1), ss.89 109.
  • Manson, Neil A. (2007) “The Concept of Irreversibility: Its Use in Sustainable Development and Precautionary Principle Literatures”, The Electronic Journal of Sustainable Development, 1(1), ss.3 15.
  • Marchant, G.E. ve Mossman, K.L. (2005) Arbitrary and Capricious the Precautionary Principle in the European Courts, International Policy Press, London.
  • Matsuda, H. (2003) “Challenges Posed by the Precautionary Principle and Accountability in Ecological Risk Assessment”, Environmetrics, 14(2), ss.245 254
  • Noiville, C., Bois, F.Y., Hubert, P., Lahidji, R. ve Grimfeld, A. (2006) “Opinion of the Committee for Prevention and Precaution about the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Risk Research, 9(4), ss.287 296.
  • Paterson, J. (2007) “Sustainable Development, Sustainable Decisions and the Precautionary Principle”, Natural Hazards, 42(3), ss.515 528.
  • Percival, R.V. (2005) “Who is Afraid of the Precautionary Principle?”, University of Maryland School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2005 - 62, http://ssm.com/abstract=831824 (15.06.2007).
  • Petersen, A.C. (2002) “The Precautionary Principle Knowledge Uncertainty and Environmental Assessment”, Paper for Nob/Nig Workshop Knowledge Uncertainty 30-31 October 2002 Erasmus University Rotterdam, http://www.uitgezoocht.nl/VU/Docs/Precautionary_Principle.pdf (14.08.2007).
  • Peterson, D.C. (2006) “Precaution: Principles and Practice in Australian Environmental and Natural Resources Management”, The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 50(4), ss.469 489. Peterson, M. (2006) “The Precautionary Principle is Incoherent”, Risk Analysis, 26(3), ss.595 601.
  • Resnik, D.B. (2003) “Is the Precautionary Principle Unscientific?”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 34(2), ss.329 344.
  • Sandin, P. (1999) “Dimensions of the Precautionary Principle”, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 5(5), ss.889 907. Sandin, P. (2006) “The Precautionary Principle and Food Safety”, Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 1(1), ss.2 4.
  • Sandin, P., Peterson, M., Hansson, S.O., Ruden, C. Ve Juthe, A. (2002) “Five Charges against the Precautionary Principle”, Journal of Risk Research, 5(4), ss.287 299.
  • Sunstein, C.R. (2003) “Beyond the Precautionary Principle”, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 151(3), ss.1003 1058.
  • Tallacchini, M. (2005) “Before and Beyond the Precautionary Principle: Epistemology of Uncertainty in Science and Law”, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 207(2), ss.645 651.
  • UNEP (1992) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development http://www.unep.org/ocuments.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID= 78&ArticleID=1163 (14.08.2007).
  • Van Asselt, M.B.A. ve Vos, E. (2006) “The Precautionary Principle and the Uncertainty Paradox”, Journal of Risk Research, 9(4), ss.313 336. Van Den Belt, H. ve Gremmen, B. (2002) “Between Precautionary Principle and Sound Science: Distributing the Burdens of Proof”, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 15(1), ss.103 122.
  • Van Der Sluijs, J. P. (2007), “Uncertainty and Precaution in Environmental Management: Insights from the UPEM Conference”, Environmental Modelling and Software, 22(5), ss.590 598.
  • Vineis, P. (2005) “Scientific Basis for the Precautionary Principle”, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 207(2), ss.658 662.
  • Weiss, C. (2003) “Scientific Uncertainty and Science Based Precaution”, International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 3(2), ss.137 166.
  • Wynia, M.K. (2005) “Public Health Principlism: The Precautionary Principle and Beyond”, The American Journal of Bioethics, 5(3), ss.3 4.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil tr;en
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mustafa Demirci Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Kasım 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirci, M. (2010). İHTİYATLILIK İLKESİNİN ELEŞTİREL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 23(1), 379-396.

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