Diabetes Mellitus Tip 2 ve Egzersiz

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 1 - 10, 30.11.2018

Nilay Ergen

Öz

Egzersiz, metabolizma üzerinde güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Vücudun egzersiz tarafından uyarılan
değişikliklere adapte olması, kas kasılması ve fizyolojik fonksiyonlar için gerekli enerjisinin
sağlanabilmesinin temelidir. Egzersizin yoğunluğuna ve süresine bağlı olarak, enerji elde etmek
ve homeostatik kontrol için farklı mekanizmalar devreye girer. Akut egzersiz sırasında ortaya
çıkan akut değişiklikleri ayırt etmek mümkündür. Düzenli egzersiz ise, kronik adaptasyonlarla
egzersiz kapasitesini artırabilir ve Tip 2 diyabetik hastalarda enerji metabolizmasını etkileyebilir.
Düzenli egzersiz antrenmanları, iskelet kası insülin hassasiyetini artırabilir ve Tip 2 diyabetin
önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde önemli bir araç olarak kabul edilir. Bu derleme, haftada en az
150 dk veya daha fazla, orta-şiddetli egzersiz yapması gereken Tip 2 diyabetik yetişkin
hastalara odaklanmıştır. Egzersizler haftada en az 3 gün, 2 ardışık gün ara vermeyecek şekilde
uygulanmalıdır. Yüksek şiddette veya aralıklı antrenman süreleri (minimum 75 dk/hafta)
daha genç ve fiziksel olarak uygun bireyler için yeterli olabilir. Diyabetik hasta, arka arkaya
olmayan günlerde 2-3 seans/hafta direnç egzersizine katılmalıdır. Diyabetli yaşlı yetişkinler
için esneklik eğitimi ve denge eğitimi 2-3 kez/hafta önerilir. Esnekliği, kas gücünü ve dengeyi
artırmak için bireysel tercihlere göre yoga ve tai chi eklenebilir. Ayrıca diyabetin uzun dönem
komplikasyonlarının varlığında egzersiz reçete edilmesi konusunda da önerilerde bulunulmuştur.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diabetes Mellitus Tip 2, düzenli egzersiz

Kaynakça

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