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TİCARİ YUMURTACI TAVUK SÜRÜLERİNDE TERMOFİLİK CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. PREVALANSI VE ANTİBİYOTİK DUYARLILIKLARI

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 85 - 90, 31.08.2015

Öz


AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada, Bandırma’da bulunan ticari yumurtacı tavuk sürülerinde termofilik Campylobacter spp. prevalansının ve elde edilen izolatların değişik antibiyotiklere duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı.



YÖNTEMLER: Ağustos 2013-Şubat 2014 döneminde, 9 adet ticari yumurtacı tavuk kümesi ziyaret edildi ve toplam 362 adet taze dışkı örneği alındı. Dışkı örneklerinden Modified Charcoal Cefaperazone Deoxycholate Agar’a direkt ekimler yapıldı ve mikroaerofilik koşullarda 42°C’de 48 saat inkübe edildi. Campylobacter şüpheli koloniler morfolojik ve biyokimyasal karakterlerine göre identifiye edildi. İzolatların antibiyotiklere duyarlılıkları agar disk difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlendi.



BULGULAR: Bakteriyolojik analiz sonucunda, 9 kümesin tamamından (%100) ve örneklerin %39,8’inden Campylobacter spp. izolasyonu gerçekleşti. İzole edilen 144 adet Campylobacter izolatının 88’i C. jejuni (%61,1) ve 56’sı C. coli (%38,9) olarak identifiye edildi. Antibiyotik duyarlılık test sonuçlarına göre, C. jejuni ve C. coli izolatlarının tetrasikline sırasıyla %46,6 ve %50 oranlarında dirençli oldukları bulundu. Florokinolonlara (siprofloksasin ve enrofloksasin) direnç oranlarının ise sırasıyla C. jejuni izolatlarında %62,5 ve %27,3, C. coli izolatlarında %82,1 ve %71,4 olduğu tespit edildi.



SONUÇ: Termofilik Campylobacter türlerinin ticari yumurtacı sürülerde yüksek prevalansa sahip olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca, C. jejuni ve C. coli izolatlarının tetrasiklin, siprofloksasin ve enrofloksasine yüksek oranda dirençli oldukları tespit edildi.


Kaynakça

  • 1. Humprey T, O’Brien S, Madsen M. Campylobacters as zoonotic pathogens: A food production perspective. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 117: 237-257.
  • 2. Öngen B. Türkiye'de ishal etkenleri. ANKEM Derg 2006; 20(Ek 2):122-134.
  • 3. Newell DG, Fearnley C. Sources of Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69: 4343-51.
  • 4. Keener KM, Bashor MP, Curtis PA, Sheldon BW, Kathario S., Comprehensive review of Campylobacter and poltry processing. Compr Rev Food Sci F 2004; 3: 105-116.
  • 5. Akan M. Tavuklarda Salmonella ve Campylobacter İnfeksiyonları: Epidemiyoloji ve Kontrol. http://www.sagliklitavuk.org/uzmanlardan Erişim tarihi: 13.10.2014
  • 6. Coker AO, Isokpeni RD, Thomas BN, Amisu KO, Obi† CL. Human campylobacteriosis in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8: 237-243.
  • 7. Kayman T, Abay S, Hızlısoy H. Campylobacter Türlerinin Fenotipik Yöntemler ve Multipleks Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu ile Tanımlanması ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları. Mikrobiyol Bul 2013; 47(2): 230-239.
  • 8. Gibreela A, Taylor DE. Macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58: 243-255.
  • 9. Engberg J, Aarestrup FM, Taylor DE, Gerner-Smith P, Nachamhin I. Qinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli: resistance mechanisms and trends in human isolates. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7: 24-34.
  • 10. Cokal Y, Caner V, Sen A, Cetin C, Karagenc N. Campylobacter spp. and their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Poultry: An Epidemiological Survey Study in Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health 2009; 56: 105–110.
  • 11. Angulo FJ, Nargund VN, Chiller TC. Evidence of an association between use of anti-microbial agents in food animals and anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans and the human health consequences of such resistance. J Vet Med B 2004; 51: 374-379.
  • 12. Engberg J, Neimann J, Nielsen EM, Aerestrup FM, Fussing V. Quinolone-resistant Campylobacter infections.: risk factors and clinical consequences. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10: 1056-1063.
  • 13. Hariharan H, Sharma S, Chikweto A, Matthew V, DeAllie C. Antimicrobial drug resistance as determined by the E-test in Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari isolates from the ceca of broiler and layer chickens in Grenada. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infec Dis 2009; 32: 21–28.
  • 14. Müller W, Böhland C, Methner U. Detection and genotypic differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from laying hens by multiplex PCR and fla-typing. Res Vet Sci 2011; doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.01.028
  • 15. On SLW, Holmes B. Assesment of enzyme detection tests useful in identification of campylobacteria. J Clin Microbiol, 1992; 30: 746-749.
  • 16. El-Shibiny A, Connerton PL, Connerton IF. Enumeration and diversity of campylobacters and bacteriophages isolated during the rearing cycles of free-range and organic chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2005; 71: 1259-1266.
  • 17. Gaudreau C, Gilbert H. Antimicrobial resistance of clinical strains of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni isolated from 1985 to 1997 in Quebec, Canada. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 2106-2108.
  • 18. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 20th Informational Supplement. CLSI Document M100-S20, CLSI, Wayne, PA (2010).
  • 19. Rosenquist H, Nielsen NL, Sommar HM, Nerrung B, Christensen BB., Quantitative risk assesment of human campylobacteriosis associated with thermophilic Campylobacter species in chickens. Int J Food Microbiol 2003; 83: 87-103.
  • 20. Diker KS, Aydın N, Yardımcı H, Arda M. Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter laridis from intestine of broilers. A Ü Vet Fak Derg 1987; 34: 207-215.
  • 21. Ertaş HB, Çatinkaya B, Muz A, Öngör H. Tavuk orijinli Campylobacter coli ve Campylobacter jejuni’nin Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) ile identifikasyonu. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2002; 26: 1447-1452.
  • 22. Yıldırım M, İstanbulluoğlu E, Ayvalı B. Prevalance and antibiotic susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter species in broiler chickens. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2005; 29: 655-660.
  • 23. Aydin F, Atabay HI, Akan M. The isolation and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni from domestic geese (Anser anser). J Appl Microbiol 2001; 90: 637-642.
  • 24. Abay S, Kayman T, Otlu B, Hizlisoy H, Aydin F, Ertas N. Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from poultry and humans in Turkey. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 178: 29–38
  • 25. Bester LA, Essack SY. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter isolates from commercial poultry suppliers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;62: 1298–1300.
  • 26. Rahimi E, Momtaz H, Ameri M, Ghasemian-Safaei H, Ali-Kasemi M. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated fromchicken carcasses during processing in Iran. Poult Sci 2010; 89: 1015–1020.
  • 27. Van Looveren M, Daube G, De Zutter L, Dumont JM, Lammens C, Wijdooghe M, Vandamme P, Jouret M, Cornelis M, Goossens H. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter strains isolated from food animals in Belgium. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48: 235-240.
  • 28. Saenz Y, Zarazaga M, Lantero M, Gastanares MJ, Baquero F, Torres C. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter strains isolated from animals, foods, and humans in Spain in 1997-1998. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 267-271.
  • 29. Savasan S, Ciftci A, Diker KS. Emergence of quinolone resistance among chicken isolates of Campylobacter in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2004; 28: 391-397.
  • 30. Owen RJ, Leeton S. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the flaA gene of Campylobacter jejuni for subtyping human, animal and poultry isolates. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 176: 345-350.
  • 31. Öngen B, Nazik H, Kaya I. Identification and antibiotic susceptibilities of Campylobacter strains isolated from routine stool culture: evaluation of five year results. ANKEM Derg 2007; 21: 37-41.

THE PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. IN COMMERCIAL LAYER FLOCKS

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 85 - 90, 31.08.2015

Öz


OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibilities of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in commercial layer flocks in Bandirma.


METHODS: Nine commercial layer flocks were visited between August 2013 and February 2014, and a total of 362 fresh fecal specimens were collected from chickens. Fecal specimens were inoculated onto the Modified Charcoal Cefaperazone Deoxycholate Agar and incubated at 42 °C for 48 h. Colonies suspected for Campylobacter spp. were identified at species level by morphological and biochemical characters. The antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by using the disk diffusion method.


RESULTS: As a result of the bacteriological analysis, Campylobacter spp. was isolated from all flocks (100%) and 39,8% of all the analysed samples. Eighty eight of 144 Campylobacter isolates C. jejuni (61,1%) and 56 of 144 Campylobacter isolates C. coli (38,9%) were identified. According to the results of antibiotic susceptibility test, the isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli were found to be resistant to tetracycline at the rates of 46,6% and 50% respectively. Resistance rates to the fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) were found to be 62,5% and 27,3% for C. jejuni isolates and to be 82,1% and 71,4% for C. coli isolates, respectively


CONCLUSION: The prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. was determined to be high in commercial layer flocks. Also, it was found that the isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli are highly resistant to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin.


Kaynakça

  • 1. Humprey T, O’Brien S, Madsen M. Campylobacters as zoonotic pathogens: A food production perspective. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 117: 237-257.
  • 2. Öngen B. Türkiye'de ishal etkenleri. ANKEM Derg 2006; 20(Ek 2):122-134.
  • 3. Newell DG, Fearnley C. Sources of Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69: 4343-51.
  • 4. Keener KM, Bashor MP, Curtis PA, Sheldon BW, Kathario S., Comprehensive review of Campylobacter and poltry processing. Compr Rev Food Sci F 2004; 3: 105-116.
  • 5. Akan M. Tavuklarda Salmonella ve Campylobacter İnfeksiyonları: Epidemiyoloji ve Kontrol. http://www.sagliklitavuk.org/uzmanlardan Erişim tarihi: 13.10.2014
  • 6. Coker AO, Isokpeni RD, Thomas BN, Amisu KO, Obi† CL. Human campylobacteriosis in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8: 237-243.
  • 7. Kayman T, Abay S, Hızlısoy H. Campylobacter Türlerinin Fenotipik Yöntemler ve Multipleks Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu ile Tanımlanması ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları. Mikrobiyol Bul 2013; 47(2): 230-239.
  • 8. Gibreela A, Taylor DE. Macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58: 243-255.
  • 9. Engberg J, Aarestrup FM, Taylor DE, Gerner-Smith P, Nachamhin I. Qinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli: resistance mechanisms and trends in human isolates. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7: 24-34.
  • 10. Cokal Y, Caner V, Sen A, Cetin C, Karagenc N. Campylobacter spp. and their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Poultry: An Epidemiological Survey Study in Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health 2009; 56: 105–110.
  • 11. Angulo FJ, Nargund VN, Chiller TC. Evidence of an association between use of anti-microbial agents in food animals and anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans and the human health consequences of such resistance. J Vet Med B 2004; 51: 374-379.
  • 12. Engberg J, Neimann J, Nielsen EM, Aerestrup FM, Fussing V. Quinolone-resistant Campylobacter infections.: risk factors and clinical consequences. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10: 1056-1063.
  • 13. Hariharan H, Sharma S, Chikweto A, Matthew V, DeAllie C. Antimicrobial drug resistance as determined by the E-test in Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari isolates from the ceca of broiler and layer chickens in Grenada. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infec Dis 2009; 32: 21–28.
  • 14. Müller W, Böhland C, Methner U. Detection and genotypic differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from laying hens by multiplex PCR and fla-typing. Res Vet Sci 2011; doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.01.028
  • 15. On SLW, Holmes B. Assesment of enzyme detection tests useful in identification of campylobacteria. J Clin Microbiol, 1992; 30: 746-749.
  • 16. El-Shibiny A, Connerton PL, Connerton IF. Enumeration and diversity of campylobacters and bacteriophages isolated during the rearing cycles of free-range and organic chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2005; 71: 1259-1266.
  • 17. Gaudreau C, Gilbert H. Antimicrobial resistance of clinical strains of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni isolated from 1985 to 1997 in Quebec, Canada. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 2106-2108.
  • 18. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 20th Informational Supplement. CLSI Document M100-S20, CLSI, Wayne, PA (2010).
  • 19. Rosenquist H, Nielsen NL, Sommar HM, Nerrung B, Christensen BB., Quantitative risk assesment of human campylobacteriosis associated with thermophilic Campylobacter species in chickens. Int J Food Microbiol 2003; 83: 87-103.
  • 20. Diker KS, Aydın N, Yardımcı H, Arda M. Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter laridis from intestine of broilers. A Ü Vet Fak Derg 1987; 34: 207-215.
  • 21. Ertaş HB, Çatinkaya B, Muz A, Öngör H. Tavuk orijinli Campylobacter coli ve Campylobacter jejuni’nin Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) ile identifikasyonu. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2002; 26: 1447-1452.
  • 22. Yıldırım M, İstanbulluoğlu E, Ayvalı B. Prevalance and antibiotic susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter species in broiler chickens. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2005; 29: 655-660.
  • 23. Aydin F, Atabay HI, Akan M. The isolation and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni from domestic geese (Anser anser). J Appl Microbiol 2001; 90: 637-642.
  • 24. Abay S, Kayman T, Otlu B, Hizlisoy H, Aydin F, Ertas N. Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from poultry and humans in Turkey. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 178: 29–38
  • 25. Bester LA, Essack SY. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter isolates from commercial poultry suppliers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;62: 1298–1300.
  • 26. Rahimi E, Momtaz H, Ameri M, Ghasemian-Safaei H, Ali-Kasemi M. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated fromchicken carcasses during processing in Iran. Poult Sci 2010; 89: 1015–1020.
  • 27. Van Looveren M, Daube G, De Zutter L, Dumont JM, Lammens C, Wijdooghe M, Vandamme P, Jouret M, Cornelis M, Goossens H. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter strains isolated from food animals in Belgium. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48: 235-240.
  • 28. Saenz Y, Zarazaga M, Lantero M, Gastanares MJ, Baquero F, Torres C. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter strains isolated from animals, foods, and humans in Spain in 1997-1998. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 267-271.
  • 29. Savasan S, Ciftci A, Diker KS. Emergence of quinolone resistance among chicken isolates of Campylobacter in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2004; 28: 391-397.
  • 30. Owen RJ, Leeton S. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the flaA gene of Campylobacter jejuni for subtyping human, animal and poultry isolates. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 176: 345-350.
  • 31. Öngen B, Nazik H, Kaya I. Identification and antibiotic susceptibilities of Campylobacter strains isolated from routine stool culture: evaluation of five year results. ANKEM Derg 2007; 21: 37-41.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yavuz Çokal

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Aralık 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çokal, Y. (2015). TİCARİ YUMURTACI TAVUK SÜRÜLERİNDE TERMOFİLİK CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. PREVALANSI VE ANTİBİYOTİK DUYARLILIKLARI. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 85-90.

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