Plant Nutrients: Sources, Functions, Deficiencies and Redundancy

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 218 - 228, 01.06.2017

İlyas Bolat Ömer Kara

Öz

Plant nutrients are one of the comprehensive and important
issues in the soil chemistry. Like other living things, plants need various nutrients
in different proportions to maintain their lives. Plants can absorb at least 90
different nutrients from air, water and soil. Some of these elements are needed
for growth and development, the others are beneficial elements for stimulating growth
and development. Therefore, it can be said that from 16 up to 20 elements are
requisite for plant growth and development whereas the others are beneficial elements.
Each of the plant nutrients assists different plant functions which support
plant growth and development. Therefore, elements are divided into two groups
based on their amount in the plant; macro
and micro nutrients. Carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and
sulfur are known as macro nutrients. In a group of micro nutrients are iron,
chlorine, copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, boron and nickel.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Plant, Carbon, Nitrogen, Plant nutrients, Macro elements, Micro elements

Bitki Besin Elementleri: Kaynakları, İşlevleri, Eksik ve Fazlalıkları

Öz

Bitki besin elementleri
toprak kimyasının en geniş ve önemli konularından birini oluşturmaktadır.
Bitkiler de diğer canlılar gibi yaşamlarını sürdürebilmek için farklı oranlarda
çeşitli bitki besin elementlerine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bitkiler en azından 90
farklı elementi havadan, sudan ve topraktan absorbe etmektedir. Bu
elementlerden bir kısmı bitkinin büyüyebilmesi ve gelişebilmesi için zorunlu olarak
ihtiyaç duyduğu elementlerdir, bir kısmı ise bitkinin büyüme ve gelişmesinde
faydalı olan elementlerdir. Bu açıdan değerlendirildiğinde 16 ile 20 arasında
değişen elementin bitkinin büyüme ve gelişmesinde zorunlu diğerlerinin ise
faydalı element olduğu söylenebilir. Her bir besin elementi bitkinin büyüme ve
gelişmesini sağlayan farklı bitki fonksiyonlarına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu
yüzden elementler, bitkilerdeki miktarlarına göre genel olarak “makro” ve “mikro” bitki besin elementleri olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Karbon,
hidrojen, oksijen, azot, potasyum kalsiyum, fosfor, magnezyum ve kükürt makro
besin elementi olarak bilinmektedir. Mikro besin elementleri ise demir, klor,
bakır, mangan, çinko, molibden, bor ve nikel’dir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bitki, Karbon, Azot, Bitki besin elementleri, Makro elementler, Mikro elementler.

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