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Sünenin yumurta parazitoitleri Trissolcus semistriatus Nees ve Trissolcus simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) arasındaki rekabet

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2, 93 - 102, 28.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.413001

Öz



Trissolcus semistriatus Nees ve T. simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Sünenin [Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hemiptera:
Scutelleridae)] en önemli ve yaygın doğal düşmanlarıdır. T. semistriatus ve T. simoni
dişilerinin önceden parazitlenmiş E.
integriceps
yumurtalarını multiparazitleyip parazitlenmediğini saptamak ve T. semistriatus ve T. simoni arasındaki larva ve ergin rekabetini değerlendirmek için
çalışma yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, tercihli denemelerde yarısı bir tür
tarafından parazitlenmiş ve parazitlenmemiş yumurta paketi diğer türün
dişilerine verilmiş, tercihsiz denemelerde ise tamamı bir tür tarafından
parazitlenmiş yumurta paketi diğer türün dişilerine verilmiştir. Multiparazitizm
denemeleri ilk ovipozisyondan bir saat, 24 saat ve 72 saat sonrasında
uygulanmıştır. Ergin rekabetini saptamak için iki yumurta paketine aynı anda T. semistriatus ve T. simoni’nin birer dişisi salınmıştır. Tüm denemeler
stereomikroskop altında gözlenmiştir. Tercihli denemelerde, diğer türün dişisi
tarafından önceden parazitlenmiş yumurtalarda
multiparazitizm oranı
hem T.
semistriatus
hem de T. simoni için önemli
oranda düşük bulunmuştur ve bu oranlar ilk parazitlenmeden geçen süre ile birlikte
azalmıştır, oysa tercihsiz denemelerde
multiparazitizm oranı tercihli denemelerdekine göre daha yüksek
gerçekleşmiştir. Multiparazitlenmiş yumurtalardan ergin çıkışı daima ikinci
türe göre birinci tür için daha fazla olmuştur. Ergin rekabeti denemelerinin
sonucu,
T. semistriatus dişisinin T. simoni’ye göre daha
üstün rakip olduğu saptanmıştır.




Kaynakça

  • Agboka K., Schulthess F., Chabi-olaye A., Labo I., Gounou S. and Smith H. 2002. Self-, intra-, and interspecific host discrimination in Telenomus busseolae Gahan and T. isis Polaszek (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), sympatric egg parasitoids of the African cereal stem borer Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Insect Behav., 15: 1-12.
  • Allahyari H., Fard P.A. and Nozari J., 2004. Effects of host on functional response of offspring in two populations of Trissolcus grandis on the Sunn Pest. J. Appl. Entomol., 128: 39–43.
  • Brown E.S. 1962. Notes on parasites of Pentatomidae and Scutelleridae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) in middle east countries, with observations on biological control. Bull. Ent. Research, 53: 241-256.
  • Buleza V.V. 1971. Selectivity in the behaviour of females of certain egg-parasites (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) when attacking their hosts. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 50(12): 1885-1888.
  • Cingolani M.F., Greco N.M. and Liljesthröm G.G. 2013. Multiparasitism of Piezodorus guildinii eggs by Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus urichi. BioControl, 58: 37-43.
  • Colazza S., Rosi M.C., Sebastiani P. and Ursini M. 1996. Host acceptance behavior in the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Acta Oecologica, 17: 109-125.
  • Collier T., Hunter M. and Kelly S. 2007. Heterospecific ovicide influences the outcome of competition between two endoparasitoids, Encarsia formosa and Encarsia luteola. Ecol. Entomol., 32: 70–75
  • Corrêa-Ferreira B.S. 1993. Utilização do parasitóide de ovos Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) no controle de percevejos da soja. Londrina: Embrapa-CNPSo, 40 p. (Circular Técnica, 11).
  • Godfray H.C.J. 1994. Parasitoids. Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  • Iranipour S., Nozad Bonab Z. and Michaud J.P. 2010. Thermal requirements of Trissolcus grandis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of sunn pest. Eur. J. Entomol., 107: 47–53.
  • Kıvan M. 1998. Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)’ nin yumurta parazitoiti Trissolcus semistriatus Nees (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae)’ un biyolojisi üzerinde araştırmalar. Türk. entomol. derg., 22(4): 243-257.
  • Kıvan M. and Kılıç N. 2003. Influence of host species and age on host preference of Trissolcus semistriatus. BioControl, 49: 553–562.
  • Koçak E. ve Kilinçer N. 2001. Türkiye Süne [Eurygaster spp. (Het.: Scutelleridae)] yumurta parazitoidi Trissolcus (Hym.: Scelionidae) türleri. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 41(3-4):167-181.
  • Koçak E. ve Kılınçer N. 2002. Süne (Eurygaster spp., Het.: Scutelleridae)' nin aynı yumurta paketinin Trissolcus (Hym.: Scelionidae) türleri tarafından parazitlenme durumu. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 42 (1-4): 23-34.
  • Koçak E. and Kilinçer N. 2003. Taxonomic Studies on Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), egg parasitoids of the sunn pest (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Eurygaster sp.), in Turkey. Turk J. Zool., 27: 301-317.
  • Kozlov M.A. 1968. Egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Telenominae) of Sunn Pest (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) and other pentatomids. Ent. Obozr., 52: 188-223.
  • Lodos N. 1982. Türkiye Entomolojisi, Cilt II (Genel, Uygulamalı ve Faunistik). Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 429, 580s., İzmir.
  • Mahmoud A.M.A. and Lim U.T. 2008. Host discrimination and interspecific competition of Trissolcus nigripedius and Telenomus gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), sympatric parasitoids of Dolycoris baccarum (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Biol. Control., 45: 337-343.
  • Mackauer M. 1990. Host discrimination and larval competition in solitary endoparasitoids. In Mackauer, M., Ehler, L. E., and Roland, J. (eds.), Critical Issues in Biological Control, Intercept, Andover, Hants, pp. 42–62. It was not observed which one, first or second, larva outcompeted in this study, but as a result, emergence was low after 48 h due to larval competition.
  • McBrien H. and Mackauer M. 1990. Heterospecific larval competition and host discrimination in two species of aphid parasitoids: Aphidius ervi and Aphidius smithi. Entomologia Experimetalis et Applicata, 56: 145–153.
  • Melan K. 1994. Trakya bölgesinde süne türleri ve süne yumurta parazitoitleri. Türkiye III. Biyolojik Mücadele Kongresi Bildirileri, 25-28 Ocak 1994, İzmir, 147-154
  • Navasero R. C. and Oatman E. R. 1989. Life history, immature morphology and adult behaviour of Telenomus solitus (Hym.: Scelionidae). Entomophaga, 34: 165–177.
  • Okuda M.S. and Yeargan K.V. 1988. Intra- and interspecific host discrimination in Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus euschistis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 81: 1017-1020.
  • Öncüer C. ve Kivan M. 1995. Tekirdağ ve çevresinde Eurygaster Lap. (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) türleri, tanınmaları, yayılışları ve bunlardan Eurygaster integriceps Put.’ in biyolojisi ve doğal düşmanları üzerinde araştırmalar. Türk Tarım ve Ormancılık Dergisi, 19(4): 223-230.
  • Parker B.L., Costa, S.D., Skinner M., Bouhssini M.E. 2002. Sampling sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Puton) in overwintering sites in northern Syria. Turk. J. Agri. For. 26: 109–117.
  • Parker et al. 2011 Parker B.L., Amir-Maafi M., Skinner M., Kim J. and EL-Bouhssini M. 2011. Distribution of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), in overwintering sites. J. Asia Pac. Entomol., 14, 83–88.
  • Pijls J.W.A.M., Hofker K.D., van Staalduinen M.J. and van Alphen J.J.M. 1995. Interspecific host discrimination and competition in Apoanagyrus (Epidinocarsis) lopezi and Apoanagyrus (Epidinocarsis) diversicornis, parasitoids of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti. Ecol. Entomol., 20: 326–332.
  • Rabb R.L. and Bradley J.R. 1970. Marking host eggs by Telenomus sphingis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63: 1053-1056.
  • Roitberg B.D. and Mangel M. 1988. On the evolutionary ecology of marking pheromones. Evolutionary Ecology, 2: 289-315.
  • Safavi M. 1968. Etüde Biologique et Ecologique des Hymenopteres Parasites des Giufs des Puııaises des Cercales. Entomophaga, 13(5): 381-495.
  • SPSS 2006. 15.0 Edition for Windows.
  • Tarla Ş. and Kornoşor S. 2009. Reproduction and survival of overwintered and F1 generation of two egg parasitoids of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Turk. J. Agri. For., 33, 257–265.
  • Trissi N., El Bouhssini M.E., Ibrahem J., Abdulhai M., Parker B.L., Reid W. and ElHaramein F.J. 2006. Effect of egg parasitoid density on the population suppression of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), and its resulting impact on bread wheat grain quality. J. Pest. Sci., 79 (2), 83-87.
  • van Alphen J.J. and Visser M.E. 1990. Superparasitism as an adaptive strategy for insect parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology, 35: 59–79.
  • van Lenteren J.C. 1981. Host discrimination by parasitoids. In: Semiochemicals, their role in pest control (Nordlund DA, Jones RL, Lewis WJ, eds). New York: Wiley; 153–179.
  • Visser M.E., van Alphen J.J.M. and Nell H.W. 1990. Adaptive superparasitism and patch time allocation in solitary parasitoids: the influence of the number of parasitoids depleting a patch. Behaviour, 114: 21–36.
  • Visser M.E., van Alphen J.J.M. and Hemerik L. 1992. Adaptive superparasitism and patch time allocation in solitary parasitoids: an ESS model. J. Anim. Ecol., 61: 93–101.
  • Volkoff N. and Colazza S. 1992. Growth patterns of teratocytes in the immature stages of Trissolcus basalis (Wool.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Int. J. Insect Morphol., 21: 323-336.
  • Weber C.A., Smilanick J.M., Ehler L.E. and Zalom F.G. 1996. Ovipositional behaviour and host discrimination in three scelionid egg parasitoids of stink bugs. Biological Control, 6: 245–252.

Interspecific competition between Trissolcus semistriatus Nees and Trissolcus simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), egg parasitoids of the sunn pest

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2, 93 - 102, 28.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.413001

Öz



Trissolcus
semistriatus
Nees and T.
simoni
(Mayr.)
(Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) are the most important and
common natural enemies of the sunn pest [Eurygaster
integriceps
Put. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)]. This study was conducted to
determine whether females of T.
semistriatus
and T. simoni
multiparasitized previously parasitized E.
integriceps
eggs or not and to evaluate interspesific larval competition
and adult competition between T.
semistriatus
and T. simoni. For
this aim, half of host egg mass parasitized by one species and un-parasitized
were provided to females of other species in choice tests, and a whole egg mass
parasitized
by one species were
given to other species female in no choice tests. Multiparasitism experiments
were applied
after one hour, 24 h and
72 h from the first oviposition. To
determine adult competition, one each female of
T. semistriatus and T. simoni were released on two egg masses at
the same time. All experiments were
observed under a stereomicroscope. Multiparasitism rates for both
T. semistriatus and T. simoni were
significantly low
in the eggs
pre-parasitized by another female species in choice test and these rates
decreased with the time from the first parasitism, whereas multiparasitism
rates were higher in choice test than those of non-choice test
.
Emergence from multiparasitized eggs was greater for first parasitoid species
than for second species. As a result of adult competition tests, female of T. semistriatus was found as a superior
competitor than T. simoni.




Kaynakça

  • Agboka K., Schulthess F., Chabi-olaye A., Labo I., Gounou S. and Smith H. 2002. Self-, intra-, and interspecific host discrimination in Telenomus busseolae Gahan and T. isis Polaszek (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), sympatric egg parasitoids of the African cereal stem borer Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Insect Behav., 15: 1-12.
  • Allahyari H., Fard P.A. and Nozari J., 2004. Effects of host on functional response of offspring in two populations of Trissolcus grandis on the Sunn Pest. J. Appl. Entomol., 128: 39–43.
  • Brown E.S. 1962. Notes on parasites of Pentatomidae and Scutelleridae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) in middle east countries, with observations on biological control. Bull. Ent. Research, 53: 241-256.
  • Buleza V.V. 1971. Selectivity in the behaviour of females of certain egg-parasites (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) when attacking their hosts. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 50(12): 1885-1888.
  • Cingolani M.F., Greco N.M. and Liljesthröm G.G. 2013. Multiparasitism of Piezodorus guildinii eggs by Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus urichi. BioControl, 58: 37-43.
  • Colazza S., Rosi M.C., Sebastiani P. and Ursini M. 1996. Host acceptance behavior in the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Acta Oecologica, 17: 109-125.
  • Collier T., Hunter M. and Kelly S. 2007. Heterospecific ovicide influences the outcome of competition between two endoparasitoids, Encarsia formosa and Encarsia luteola. Ecol. Entomol., 32: 70–75
  • Corrêa-Ferreira B.S. 1993. Utilização do parasitóide de ovos Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) no controle de percevejos da soja. Londrina: Embrapa-CNPSo, 40 p. (Circular Técnica, 11).
  • Godfray H.C.J. 1994. Parasitoids. Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  • Iranipour S., Nozad Bonab Z. and Michaud J.P. 2010. Thermal requirements of Trissolcus grandis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of sunn pest. Eur. J. Entomol., 107: 47–53.
  • Kıvan M. 1998. Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)’ nin yumurta parazitoiti Trissolcus semistriatus Nees (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae)’ un biyolojisi üzerinde araştırmalar. Türk. entomol. derg., 22(4): 243-257.
  • Kıvan M. and Kılıç N. 2003. Influence of host species and age on host preference of Trissolcus semistriatus. BioControl, 49: 553–562.
  • Koçak E. ve Kilinçer N. 2001. Türkiye Süne [Eurygaster spp. (Het.: Scutelleridae)] yumurta parazitoidi Trissolcus (Hym.: Scelionidae) türleri. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 41(3-4):167-181.
  • Koçak E. ve Kılınçer N. 2002. Süne (Eurygaster spp., Het.: Scutelleridae)' nin aynı yumurta paketinin Trissolcus (Hym.: Scelionidae) türleri tarafından parazitlenme durumu. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 42 (1-4): 23-34.
  • Koçak E. and Kilinçer N. 2003. Taxonomic Studies on Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), egg parasitoids of the sunn pest (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Eurygaster sp.), in Turkey. Turk J. Zool., 27: 301-317.
  • Kozlov M.A. 1968. Egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Telenominae) of Sunn Pest (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) and other pentatomids. Ent. Obozr., 52: 188-223.
  • Lodos N. 1982. Türkiye Entomolojisi, Cilt II (Genel, Uygulamalı ve Faunistik). Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 429, 580s., İzmir.
  • Mahmoud A.M.A. and Lim U.T. 2008. Host discrimination and interspecific competition of Trissolcus nigripedius and Telenomus gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), sympatric parasitoids of Dolycoris baccarum (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Biol. Control., 45: 337-343.
  • Mackauer M. 1990. Host discrimination and larval competition in solitary endoparasitoids. In Mackauer, M., Ehler, L. E., and Roland, J. (eds.), Critical Issues in Biological Control, Intercept, Andover, Hants, pp. 42–62. It was not observed which one, first or second, larva outcompeted in this study, but as a result, emergence was low after 48 h due to larval competition.
  • McBrien H. and Mackauer M. 1990. Heterospecific larval competition and host discrimination in two species of aphid parasitoids: Aphidius ervi and Aphidius smithi. Entomologia Experimetalis et Applicata, 56: 145–153.
  • Melan K. 1994. Trakya bölgesinde süne türleri ve süne yumurta parazitoitleri. Türkiye III. Biyolojik Mücadele Kongresi Bildirileri, 25-28 Ocak 1994, İzmir, 147-154
  • Navasero R. C. and Oatman E. R. 1989. Life history, immature morphology and adult behaviour of Telenomus solitus (Hym.: Scelionidae). Entomophaga, 34: 165–177.
  • Okuda M.S. and Yeargan K.V. 1988. Intra- and interspecific host discrimination in Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus euschistis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 81: 1017-1020.
  • Öncüer C. ve Kivan M. 1995. Tekirdağ ve çevresinde Eurygaster Lap. (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) türleri, tanınmaları, yayılışları ve bunlardan Eurygaster integriceps Put.’ in biyolojisi ve doğal düşmanları üzerinde araştırmalar. Türk Tarım ve Ormancılık Dergisi, 19(4): 223-230.
  • Parker B.L., Costa, S.D., Skinner M., Bouhssini M.E. 2002. Sampling sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Puton) in overwintering sites in northern Syria. Turk. J. Agri. For. 26: 109–117.
  • Parker et al. 2011 Parker B.L., Amir-Maafi M., Skinner M., Kim J. and EL-Bouhssini M. 2011. Distribution of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), in overwintering sites. J. Asia Pac. Entomol., 14, 83–88.
  • Pijls J.W.A.M., Hofker K.D., van Staalduinen M.J. and van Alphen J.J.M. 1995. Interspecific host discrimination and competition in Apoanagyrus (Epidinocarsis) lopezi and Apoanagyrus (Epidinocarsis) diversicornis, parasitoids of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti. Ecol. Entomol., 20: 326–332.
  • Rabb R.L. and Bradley J.R. 1970. Marking host eggs by Telenomus sphingis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63: 1053-1056.
  • Roitberg B.D. and Mangel M. 1988. On the evolutionary ecology of marking pheromones. Evolutionary Ecology, 2: 289-315.
  • Safavi M. 1968. Etüde Biologique et Ecologique des Hymenopteres Parasites des Giufs des Puııaises des Cercales. Entomophaga, 13(5): 381-495.
  • SPSS 2006. 15.0 Edition for Windows.
  • Tarla Ş. and Kornoşor S. 2009. Reproduction and survival of overwintered and F1 generation of two egg parasitoids of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Turk. J. Agri. For., 33, 257–265.
  • Trissi N., El Bouhssini M.E., Ibrahem J., Abdulhai M., Parker B.L., Reid W. and ElHaramein F.J. 2006. Effect of egg parasitoid density on the population suppression of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), and its resulting impact on bread wheat grain quality. J. Pest. Sci., 79 (2), 83-87.
  • van Alphen J.J. and Visser M.E. 1990. Superparasitism as an adaptive strategy for insect parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology, 35: 59–79.
  • van Lenteren J.C. 1981. Host discrimination by parasitoids. In: Semiochemicals, their role in pest control (Nordlund DA, Jones RL, Lewis WJ, eds). New York: Wiley; 153–179.
  • Visser M.E., van Alphen J.J.M. and Nell H.W. 1990. Adaptive superparasitism and patch time allocation in solitary parasitoids: the influence of the number of parasitoids depleting a patch. Behaviour, 114: 21–36.
  • Visser M.E., van Alphen J.J.M. and Hemerik L. 1992. Adaptive superparasitism and patch time allocation in solitary parasitoids: an ESS model. J. Anim. Ecol., 61: 93–101.
  • Volkoff N. and Colazza S. 1992. Growth patterns of teratocytes in the immature stages of Trissolcus basalis (Wool.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Int. J. Insect Morphol., 21: 323-336.
  • Weber C.A., Smilanick J.M., Ehler L.E. and Zalom F.G. 1996. Ovipositional behaviour and host discrimination in three scelionid egg parasitoids of stink bugs. Biological Control, 6: 245–252.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Müjgan Kıvan

Tolga Aysal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Nisan 2018
Kabul Tarihi 20 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kıvan, M., & Aysal, T. (2018). Sünenin yumurta parazitoitleri Trissolcus semistriatus Nees ve Trissolcus simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) arasındaki rekabet. Plant Protection Bulletin, 58(2), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.413001
AMA Kıvan M, Aysal T. Sünenin yumurta parazitoitleri Trissolcus semistriatus Nees ve Trissolcus simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) arasındaki rekabet. Plant Protection Bulletin. Haziran 2018;58(2):93-102. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.413001
Chicago Kıvan, Müjgan, ve Tolga Aysal. “Sünenin Yumurta Parazitoitleri Trissolcus Semistriatus Nees Ve Trissolcus Simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) arasındaki Rekabet”. Plant Protection Bulletin 58, sy. 2 (Haziran 2018): 93-102. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.413001.
EndNote Kıvan M, Aysal T (01 Haziran 2018) Sünenin yumurta parazitoitleri Trissolcus semistriatus Nees ve Trissolcus simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) arasındaki rekabet. Plant Protection Bulletin 58 2 93–102.
IEEE M. Kıvan ve T. Aysal, “Sünenin yumurta parazitoitleri Trissolcus semistriatus Nees ve Trissolcus simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) arasındaki rekabet”, Plant Protection Bulletin, c. 58, sy. 2, ss. 93–102, 2018, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.413001.
ISNAD Kıvan, Müjgan - Aysal, Tolga. “Sünenin Yumurta Parazitoitleri Trissolcus Semistriatus Nees Ve Trissolcus Simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) arasındaki Rekabet”. Plant Protection Bulletin 58/2 (Haziran 2018), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.413001.
JAMA Kıvan M, Aysal T. Sünenin yumurta parazitoitleri Trissolcus semistriatus Nees ve Trissolcus simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) arasındaki rekabet. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2018;58:93–102.
MLA Kıvan, Müjgan ve Tolga Aysal. “Sünenin Yumurta Parazitoitleri Trissolcus Semistriatus Nees Ve Trissolcus Simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) arasındaki Rekabet”. Plant Protection Bulletin, c. 58, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 93-102, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.413001.
Vancouver Kıvan M, Aysal T. Sünenin yumurta parazitoitleri Trissolcus semistriatus Nees ve Trissolcus simoni (Mayr.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) arasındaki rekabet. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2018;58(2):93-102.

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