Atıktan Türetilmiş Yakıtın Demineralizasyonu

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 604 - 616, 28.06.2019

Sibel Başakçılardan Kabakcı Gizem Genç Çelikçi

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.485179

Öz

Çalışma, atıktan türetilmiş yakıtın (ATY) yapısındaki kül oluşturan elementlerin su ve farklı konsantrasyonlarda asit çözeltileri ile özütlenerek yakıtın modifiye edilmesini ve bu demineralizasyon işleminin yakıtın temel özelliklerine (elementel analiz, ısıl değer, piroliz ve yanma karakteristikleri) etkisinin incelenmesini içermektedir. Su, HCl (%2, %5 ve %10) ve HNO₃(%2, %5 ve %10) çözeltileri ile yapılan özütlemelerden sonra kurutulan ATY'ların yakıt özelliklerine bakıldığında, özütlemenin, yakıt özelliklerinden kül içeriğini, elementel bileşimini, piroliz kademelerini, tutuşma sıcaklığı ve tükenme sıcaklığını etkilediği görülmüştür. Özütleme işleminin gerçekleştiği karıştırma süresinin etkin bir parametre olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Fakat özütlemenin su, HCl ya da HNO₃çözeltileri ile gerçekleştirilmesinin ve özellikle asit konsantrasyonunun yakıtın özelliklerinde etkin bir parametre olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Özütleme işleminde kullanılan asit çözeltisinin türüne ve konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak kül içeriğinin %34’ten %14’e kadar indiği (%5 HCl çözeltisi); ısıl değerin %13 oranında arttığı (%5 ve %10 HCl çözeltisi); karbon yüzdesinin ise %38 oranında arttığı (%10 HCl çözeltisi) gözlemlenmiştir. Asit çözeltileriyle yapılan özütleme sonrası ATY'ların pirolizinin iki adımda gerçekleştiği, tutuşma sıcaklıklarının 4-24°C ötelendiği, tükenme sıcaklığının ise 32-140°C azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Atıktan Türetilmiş Yakıt, Özütleme (liç), Piroliz

Kaynakça

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