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Boron deficiency diagnosis and management in field crops in calcareous soils of Pakistan: A mini review

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 142 - 152, 30.12.2017

Öz

The ~22 million ha soils of Pakistan (23° 53՜ to 36° 49՜ N, 61° 15՜ to
74° 50՜ E) are predominantly calcareous and low in organic matter. Boron (B) deficiency
is prevalent in 35–56% areas under field crops causing yield, produce quality
and economic losses. Boron deficiency is more severe in rainfed than irrigated
soils. Both hot water extraction and dilute HCl method are used for evaluating
B status; and locally determined B internal B requirement varies from 53 mg kg-1
in cotton leaves to 17 mg kg-1  in young sorghum plants.
Extent and severity of B
deficiency in crops have been determined and spatial variability of B in soils
and crops has been mapped. Boron
fertilization increases crop yields appreciably (e.g., cotton and wheat,
14%; rice, 15–25%) and,
thus, is highly cost-effective,
more so by foliar feeding. Annually applied 0.75–1.0 kg B ha-1
corrects the deficiency; 2–3 foliar sprays of 0.1% B solution are also
effective. Boron use improves produce quality; e.g., rice milling return, head rice recovery and
cooking quality. Soil B
fertilization leaves residual effect for 2–4 crops, and repeated annual applications of 1.0
kg B ha-1 in calcareous soils were safe. However, current B
fertilizer use in Pakistan is negligible, i.e., 92 Mg B per annum compared with
potential requirement of 2245 Mg B per annum. Constraints to B use include
stakeholders’ ignorance about benefits of B use and inadequate availability of
quality B fertilizers.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Shorrocks V. M., Boron – A global appraisal of the occurrence of boron deficiency, In: Proc. Int. Symp. Role of Sulphur, Magnesium, and Micronutrients in Balanced Plant Nutrition, ed. S. Portch, The Sulphur Institute, Washington DC, p. 39-53, 1992. [2] Dell B., Brown P. H., Bell R. W., (ed), Boron in Soils and Plants: Review, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1997. [3] Gupta U. C. (Ed.), Boron and Its Role in Crop Production, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993. [4] Rashid A., Rafique E., Ryan J., Establishment and management of boron deficiency in field crops in Pakistan, A country report, p. 339-348, In: H. E. Goldbach et al. (ed), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002. [5] Rashid A., Boron Deficiency in Soils and Crops of Pakistan: Diagnosis and Management, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan, viii+34 pp., 2006. [6] Ryan J., Rashid A., Torrent J., Yau S. K., Ibrikci H., Erenoglu E. B., Micronutrient constraints to crop production in the Middle East-West Asia region: Significance, research, and management, Adv. Agron., 122, 1–84, 2013.
  • [7] Rafiq M., Soil Resources of Pakistan, p. 439–470, In: Soil Science, A. Rashid and K. S. Memon (Managing Authors), National Book Foundation, Islamabad, 1996.
  • [8] Rashid A., Ahmad N., Soil testing in Pakistan: Country report, p. 39–53, In: Proceedings FADINAP Regional Workshop on Cooperation in Soil Testing for Asia and the Pacific, 16–18 Aug 1993, Bangkok, Thailand. United Nations, New York, 1994. [9] Rerkasem B., Jamjod S., Boron deficiency induced male sterility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and implications for plant breeding, Euphytica, 96, 257−262, 1997.
  • [10] Rashid A., Yasin M., Ali M. A., Ahmad Z., Ullah R., An alarming boron deficiency in calcareous rice soils of Pakistan: Boron use improves yield and cooking quality, In: F Xu et al. (ed) Advances in Plant and Animal Boron Nutrition, Springer, p. 103–116, 2007. [11] Bell R. W., Diagnosis and prediction of boron deficiency for plant production, Plant and Soil, 193, 149-168, 1997.
  • [12] Bell R. W., Dell B., Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production. 1st ed., IFA, Paris, France, 2008.
  • [13] Yau S. K., Ryan J., Boron toxicity tolerance in crops: A variable alternative to soil amelioration, Crop Sci., 48, 845–865, 2008.
  • [14] Berger K. C., Truog E., Boron tests and determination for soils and plants, Soil Sci., 57, 25–26, 1944.
  • [15] Ponnamperuma F. N., Caytan M. T., Lantin R. S., Dilute hydrochloric acid as an extractant for available zinc, copper and boron in rice soils, Plant and Soil, 61, 297 – 310, 1981. [16] Rashid A., Rafique E., Bughio N., Diagnosing boron deficiency in rapeseed and mustard by plant analysis and soil testing, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 25, 2883-2897, 1994. [17] Rafique E., Rashid A., Bhatti A. U., Rasool G., Bughio N., Boron Deficiency In Cotton Grown in Calcareous Soils of Pakistan, I. Distribution of B availability and comparison of soil testing methods, p 349-356, In: HE Goldbach et al. (ed), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002. [18] Rashid A., Rafique E., Boron Deficiency In Cotton Grown in Calcareous Soils of Pakistan. II. Correction and criteria for foliar diagnosis, p 357-362, In: H. E. Goldbach et al. (ed), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002. [19] Reuter D. J., Edwards D. G., Wilhelm N. S., Temperate and Sub-Tropical Crops. p. 81–284, In D.J. Reuter and J.B. Robinson (ed) Plant Analysis – An Interpretation Manual, 2nd edition, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia, 1997.
  • [20] Chaudhary T. M., Hisiani G. R., Effect of B on the yield of seed cotton, The Pakistan Cottons, 1, 13-15, 1970. [21] Chaudhry F. M., Latif A., Rashid A., Alam S. M., Response of the rice varieties to field application of micronutrient fertilizers, Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 19, 134-139, 1976.
  • [22] Rashid A., Rafique E., Bughio N., Boron deficiency in rainfed alkaline soils of Pakistan: Incidence and boron requirement of wheat, p. 371–380, In: H. E. Goldbach et al. (Ed.), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002. [23] Rafique E., Micronutrient Management for Sustaining Major Cropping Systems and Fruit Orchards, ASPL-II Coordinated Project, Final Report 2006–2011, Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 2011. [24] Rashid A., Yasin M., Ashraf M., Mann R. A., Boron deficiency in calcareous soils reduces rice yield and impairs grain quality, International Rice Research Notes, 29, 58–60, 2004. [25] Arain M. Y., Memon K. S., Akhtar M. S., Memon M., Soil and plant nutrient status and spatial variability for sugarcane in lower Sindh (Pakistan), Pak. J. Bot., 49(2), 531-540, 2017. [26] Ahmad S., Rafique E., Nutrient indexing and integrated nutrient management for sustaining sugarcane yields, agricultural linkages program (ALP) project, Final Technical Report, Sugarcane Crops Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 104 pp., 2008. [27] Rashid A., Rafique E., Ali N., Micronutrient deficiencies in rainfed calcareous soils of Pakistan. II. Boron nutrition of the peanut plant, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 28, 149–159, 1997. [28] Rafique E., Mahmood-ul-Hassan M., Yousra M., Ali I., Hussain F., Boron nutrition of peanut grown in boron-deficient calcareous soils: genotypic variation and proposed diagnostic criteria, J. Plant Nutr., 37, 172-183, 2014. [29] Rashid A., Rafique E., Bughio N., Micronutrient deficiencies in rainfed calcareous soils of Pakistan. III. Boron nutrition of sorghum, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 28, 441–454, 1997. [30] Rashid A., Rafique E., Muhammed S., Bughio N., Boron deficiency in rainfed alkaline soils of Pakistan: Incidence and genotypic variation in rapeseed-mustard, p. 363–370, In: H. E. Goldbach et al. (ed), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002. [31] Rashid A, Rafique E., Mahmood-ul-Hassan M., Shafiq M., Widespread boron deficiency in water-eroded soils of Pothwar plateau in Pakistan: Identification, establishment and management, p 365–382, In: F Xu (ed) Advances in Plant and Animal Boron Nutrition, Proceedings 3rd Int. Symp. on All Aspects of Plant and Animal Boron Nutrition (Boron 2005), Wuhan, China, 9–13 Sep 2005, Springer, 2007. [32] Rafique E., Integrated nutrient management for sustaining irrigated cotton-wheat productivity in Aridisols of Pakistan, PhD Dissertation, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, 273 pp., 2010. [33] Rashid A, Rafique E., Mahmood-ul-Hassan M., Soil boron balances: value for predicting boron deficiency and toxicity in irrigated cotton-wheat Aridisols? Pedoshpere (submitted), 2017. [34] PARC, Soil Status and Scope of Micronutrients in Pakistan Agriculture, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, 36 pp, 1986. [35] Khattak J. K., Perveen S., Micronutrient status of NWFP soils, p. 62–74, In: Proceedings of National Seminar on Micronutrients in Soils and Crops in Pakistan, 13–15 December 1987, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar, 1988. [36] Rashid A., Nutrient Indexing Surveys and Micronutrient Requirement of Crops. Micronutrient Project, Annual Report, 1992–93, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 1994. [37] Sillanpaa M., Micronutrients and nutrient status of soils: a global study, FAO Soils Bull. No. 48. Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 444 pp., 1982. [38] Rashid A., Zia M.H., Ahmad W., Kucera M., Micronutrient Fertilizer Use in Pakistan: Historical Perspective and 4R Nutrient Stewardship. National Fertilizer Development Center, Islamabad, Pakistan, 200 pp. 2017
  • [39] Bell R. W., Boron, p. 309–317. On: K. Peverill, I. Sparrow, D.J. Reuter (ed), Soil Analysis: An Interpretation Manual, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 1999.
  • [40] Shorrocks V. M., The occurrence and correction of boron deficiency, Plant and Soil, 193, 121-148, 1997. [41] Yasin M., Rashid A., Rafique E., Boron status of cotton soils: Relationship with salinity. In: Abstracts, 9th Congress of Soil Sciences, 18–20 March, 2002, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Soil Science Society of Pakistan, Islamabad, p. 25, 2002. [42] Aslam M., Mahmood I.H., Qureshi R.H., Nawaz S., Akhtar J., Salinity tolerance of rice as affected by boron nutrition; Pakistan J. Soil Sci., 21, 110-118, 2002.
  • [43] Rerkasem B., Jamjod S., Boron deficiency in wheat: A review, Field Crops Research, 89, 173-186, 2004. [44] Rashid A., Rafique E., Bhatti A. U., Ryan J., Bughio N., Yau S. K, Boron deficiency in rainfed wheat in Pakistan: Incidence, spatial variability, and management strategies, J. Plant Nutr., 34, 600–613, 2011. [45] Rashid A., Muhammad S., Rafique E., Genotypic variation in boron uptake and utilization by rice and wheat, p 305–310, In: H. E Goldbach et al. (ed), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002. [46] Bell R. W., Rerkasem B., Keerati-Kasikorn P., Phetchawee S., Hiranburana N., Ratanarat S., Pongsakul P., Loneragan J. F., Mineral Nutrition of Food Legumes in Thailand with Particular Reference to Food Legumes. ACIAR Technical Report 19, Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, 1990.
Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 142 - 152, 30.12.2017

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Shorrocks V. M., Boron – A global appraisal of the occurrence of boron deficiency, In: Proc. Int. Symp. Role of Sulphur, Magnesium, and Micronutrients in Balanced Plant Nutrition, ed. S. Portch, The Sulphur Institute, Washington DC, p. 39-53, 1992. [2] Dell B., Brown P. H., Bell R. W., (ed), Boron in Soils and Plants: Review, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1997. [3] Gupta U. C. (Ed.), Boron and Its Role in Crop Production, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993. [4] Rashid A., Rafique E., Ryan J., Establishment and management of boron deficiency in field crops in Pakistan, A country report, p. 339-348, In: H. E. Goldbach et al. (ed), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002. [5] Rashid A., Boron Deficiency in Soils and Crops of Pakistan: Diagnosis and Management, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan, viii+34 pp., 2006. [6] Ryan J., Rashid A., Torrent J., Yau S. K., Ibrikci H., Erenoglu E. B., Micronutrient constraints to crop production in the Middle East-West Asia region: Significance, research, and management, Adv. Agron., 122, 1–84, 2013.
  • [7] Rafiq M., Soil Resources of Pakistan, p. 439–470, In: Soil Science, A. Rashid and K. S. Memon (Managing Authors), National Book Foundation, Islamabad, 1996.
  • [8] Rashid A., Ahmad N., Soil testing in Pakistan: Country report, p. 39–53, In: Proceedings FADINAP Regional Workshop on Cooperation in Soil Testing for Asia and the Pacific, 16–18 Aug 1993, Bangkok, Thailand. United Nations, New York, 1994. [9] Rerkasem B., Jamjod S., Boron deficiency induced male sterility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and implications for plant breeding, Euphytica, 96, 257−262, 1997.
  • [10] Rashid A., Yasin M., Ali M. A., Ahmad Z., Ullah R., An alarming boron deficiency in calcareous rice soils of Pakistan: Boron use improves yield and cooking quality, In: F Xu et al. (ed) Advances in Plant and Animal Boron Nutrition, Springer, p. 103–116, 2007. [11] Bell R. W., Diagnosis and prediction of boron deficiency for plant production, Plant and Soil, 193, 149-168, 1997.
  • [12] Bell R. W., Dell B., Micronutrients for Sustainable Food, Feed, Fibre and Bioenergy Production. 1st ed., IFA, Paris, France, 2008.
  • [13] Yau S. K., Ryan J., Boron toxicity tolerance in crops: A variable alternative to soil amelioration, Crop Sci., 48, 845–865, 2008.
  • [14] Berger K. C., Truog E., Boron tests and determination for soils and plants, Soil Sci., 57, 25–26, 1944.
  • [15] Ponnamperuma F. N., Caytan M. T., Lantin R. S., Dilute hydrochloric acid as an extractant for available zinc, copper and boron in rice soils, Plant and Soil, 61, 297 – 310, 1981. [16] Rashid A., Rafique E., Bughio N., Diagnosing boron deficiency in rapeseed and mustard by plant analysis and soil testing, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 25, 2883-2897, 1994. [17] Rafique E., Rashid A., Bhatti A. U., Rasool G., Bughio N., Boron Deficiency In Cotton Grown in Calcareous Soils of Pakistan, I. Distribution of B availability and comparison of soil testing methods, p 349-356, In: HE Goldbach et al. (ed), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002. [18] Rashid A., Rafique E., Boron Deficiency In Cotton Grown in Calcareous Soils of Pakistan. II. Correction and criteria for foliar diagnosis, p 357-362, In: H. E. Goldbach et al. (ed), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002. [19] Reuter D. J., Edwards D. G., Wilhelm N. S., Temperate and Sub-Tropical Crops. p. 81–284, In D.J. Reuter and J.B. Robinson (ed) Plant Analysis – An Interpretation Manual, 2nd edition, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia, 1997.
  • [20] Chaudhary T. M., Hisiani G. R., Effect of B on the yield of seed cotton, The Pakistan Cottons, 1, 13-15, 1970. [21] Chaudhry F. M., Latif A., Rashid A., Alam S. M., Response of the rice varieties to field application of micronutrient fertilizers, Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 19, 134-139, 1976.
  • [22] Rashid A., Rafique E., Bughio N., Boron deficiency in rainfed alkaline soils of Pakistan: Incidence and boron requirement of wheat, p. 371–380, In: H. E. Goldbach et al. (Ed.), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002. [23] Rafique E., Micronutrient Management for Sustaining Major Cropping Systems and Fruit Orchards, ASPL-II Coordinated Project, Final Report 2006–2011, Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 2011. [24] Rashid A., Yasin M., Ashraf M., Mann R. A., Boron deficiency in calcareous soils reduces rice yield and impairs grain quality, International Rice Research Notes, 29, 58–60, 2004. [25] Arain M. Y., Memon K. S., Akhtar M. S., Memon M., Soil and plant nutrient status and spatial variability for sugarcane in lower Sindh (Pakistan), Pak. J. Bot., 49(2), 531-540, 2017. [26] Ahmad S., Rafique E., Nutrient indexing and integrated nutrient management for sustaining sugarcane yields, agricultural linkages program (ALP) project, Final Technical Report, Sugarcane Crops Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 104 pp., 2008. [27] Rashid A., Rafique E., Ali N., Micronutrient deficiencies in rainfed calcareous soils of Pakistan. II. Boron nutrition of the peanut plant, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 28, 149–159, 1997. [28] Rafique E., Mahmood-ul-Hassan M., Yousra M., Ali I., Hussain F., Boron nutrition of peanut grown in boron-deficient calcareous soils: genotypic variation and proposed diagnostic criteria, J. Plant Nutr., 37, 172-183, 2014. [29] Rashid A., Rafique E., Bughio N., Micronutrient deficiencies in rainfed calcareous soils of Pakistan. III. Boron nutrition of sorghum, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 28, 441–454, 1997. [30] Rashid A., Rafique E., Muhammed S., Bughio N., Boron deficiency in rainfed alkaline soils of Pakistan: Incidence and genotypic variation in rapeseed-mustard, p. 363–370, In: H. E. Goldbach et al. (ed), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002. [31] Rashid A, Rafique E., Mahmood-ul-Hassan M., Shafiq M., Widespread boron deficiency in water-eroded soils of Pothwar plateau in Pakistan: Identification, establishment and management, p 365–382, In: F Xu (ed) Advances in Plant and Animal Boron Nutrition, Proceedings 3rd Int. Symp. on All Aspects of Plant and Animal Boron Nutrition (Boron 2005), Wuhan, China, 9–13 Sep 2005, Springer, 2007. [32] Rafique E., Integrated nutrient management for sustaining irrigated cotton-wheat productivity in Aridisols of Pakistan, PhD Dissertation, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, 273 pp., 2010. [33] Rashid A, Rafique E., Mahmood-ul-Hassan M., Soil boron balances: value for predicting boron deficiency and toxicity in irrigated cotton-wheat Aridisols? Pedoshpere (submitted), 2017. [34] PARC, Soil Status and Scope of Micronutrients in Pakistan Agriculture, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, 36 pp, 1986. [35] Khattak J. K., Perveen S., Micronutrient status of NWFP soils, p. 62–74, In: Proceedings of National Seminar on Micronutrients in Soils and Crops in Pakistan, 13–15 December 1987, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar, 1988. [36] Rashid A., Nutrient Indexing Surveys and Micronutrient Requirement of Crops. Micronutrient Project, Annual Report, 1992–93, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 1994. [37] Sillanpaa M., Micronutrients and nutrient status of soils: a global study, FAO Soils Bull. No. 48. Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 444 pp., 1982. [38] Rashid A., Zia M.H., Ahmad W., Kucera M., Micronutrient Fertilizer Use in Pakistan: Historical Perspective and 4R Nutrient Stewardship. National Fertilizer Development Center, Islamabad, Pakistan, 200 pp. 2017
  • [39] Bell R. W., Boron, p. 309–317. On: K. Peverill, I. Sparrow, D.J. Reuter (ed), Soil Analysis: An Interpretation Manual, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 1999.
  • [40] Shorrocks V. M., The occurrence and correction of boron deficiency, Plant and Soil, 193, 121-148, 1997. [41] Yasin M., Rashid A., Rafique E., Boron status of cotton soils: Relationship with salinity. In: Abstracts, 9th Congress of Soil Sciences, 18–20 March, 2002, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Soil Science Society of Pakistan, Islamabad, p. 25, 2002. [42] Aslam M., Mahmood I.H., Qureshi R.H., Nawaz S., Akhtar J., Salinity tolerance of rice as affected by boron nutrition; Pakistan J. Soil Sci., 21, 110-118, 2002.
  • [43] Rerkasem B., Jamjod S., Boron deficiency in wheat: A review, Field Crops Research, 89, 173-186, 2004. [44] Rashid A., Rafique E., Bhatti A. U., Ryan J., Bughio N., Yau S. K, Boron deficiency in rainfed wheat in Pakistan: Incidence, spatial variability, and management strategies, J. Plant Nutr., 34, 600–613, 2011. [45] Rashid A., Muhammad S., Rafique E., Genotypic variation in boron uptake and utilization by rice and wheat, p 305–310, In: H. E Goldbach et al. (ed), Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002. [46] Bell R. W., Rerkasem B., Keerati-Kasikorn P., Phetchawee S., Hiranburana N., Ratanarat S., Pongsakul P., Loneragan J. F., Mineral Nutrition of Food Legumes in Thailand with Particular Reference to Food Legumes. ACIAR Technical Report 19, Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, 1990.
Toplam 13 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Review Makaleler
Yazarlar

Abdul Rashid Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9314-3830

Ejaz Rafique Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1868-8267

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2017
Kabul Tarihi 14 Kasım 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Rashid, A., & Rafique, E. (2017). Boron deficiency diagnosis and management in field crops in calcareous soils of Pakistan: A mini review. Journal of Boron, 2(3), 142-152.