Sosyal Güvenlik ve Sosyal Güvenlik Harcamaları Üzerine Değerlendirmeler

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 217 - 240, 30.06.2017

Alper Doğan Melih Kabayel

Öz

Sosyal
güvenlik kavramı, Sanayi Devrimi’nin ardından ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle
İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında toplumların ekonomik ve sosyal ihtiyaçlarını
karşılayan bir araç olarak önem kazanmıştır. İzleyen dönemlerde, refah
devletlerinde sosyal güvenlik sistemleri gelişmiş, sosyal güvenlik harcamaları
artmıştır. Ancak 1973 Petrol Krizi’nden sonra yaşanan mali sorunlar, sosyal
güvenlik harcamalarının artışını ve sosyal güvenlik sistemlerinin gelişimini
sekteye uğratmıştır. Kriz, o dönemde, sosyal güvenlik sistemlerinde bir reform
gerekliliğini ortaya çıkartmıştır. Bugün, devletler sosyal güvenlik
reformlarına ilişkin oldukça duyarlı durumdadırlar ve toplumun tamamını
kapsayan, kendi kendini finanse eden bir sosyal güvenlik sistemi geliştirme
konusunda isteklidirler. Ancak, özellikle yaşlı nüfusun genç nüfustan fazla
olması, aşırı boyutlardaki kayıt dışı ekonomi vb. sorunlar gelişmiş ve
gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sosyal güvenlik sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi ve
sağlıklı sürdürülmesi açısından güçlüklere neden olmaktadır. Çalışmada gelişmiş
ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sosyal güvenlik harcamaları, ülkeler arasındaki
sosyal güvenlik harcamaları farklılıkları ve sosyal güvenlik sistemlerine
ilişkin sorunlar üzerinde durulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sosyal güvenlik, sosyal güvenlik harcamaları, refah, nüfus yapısı, ekonomi

Kaynakça

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