Rekabet ve Etkinlik: Avrupa Birliği Bankacılık Endüstrisi Üzerine Bir Uygulama

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 171 - 200, 30.12.2017

Ramazan Ekinci Recep Kök

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı
“rekabet–etkinlik” hipotezini test etmektir. Avrupa Birliği (AB) bankacılık
sisteminde krizlere karşı direncin arttırılmasına yönelik kararların, rekabet
ve maliyet etkinliğini artırdığı bilinmektedir. Rekabet-Etkinlik hipotezine
göre finansal piyasalarda ortaya çıkan rekabet etkinlik artışına, dolayısıyla
maliyetlerin de düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Analize konu olan örneklem 26 AB
ülkesidir, 2006-2014 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada Panel Stokastik Sınır
Analizinden yararlanılarak maliyet etkinlik skorları hesaplandığında; özellikle
2010 yılı sonrası borç krizinin ardından maliyet etkinliğinin düştüğü görülmektedir.
Ayrıca Lerner indeksi yöntemiyle rekabet gücü ölçüldüğünde; AB bankacılık
sisteminde rekabet gücünün arttığı anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı bağlamıyla
rekabet ve etkinlik arasındaki Granger nedensellik incelendiğinde; rekabetten
etkinliğe pozitif bir nedensellik mevcut iken; etkinlikten rekabete bir
nedensellik olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlara göre Avrupa Birliği bankacılık
sistemi açısından ‘Quiet Life’ (rahat yaşam) hipotezi doğrulanmamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Et, Rek, SFA

Competition and Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis on the Banking Industry of the European Union

Öz

The principal aim of this
study is to test the hypothesis of “competition-efficiency”. It is known that
the decisions on increasing strength against the crises in the banking system
of the European Union (EU) increase competition and cost efficiency. According
to the hypothesis of “competition-efficiency”, competition in financial markets
causes increasing of efficiency and decreasing of costs. The sample in this
study is 26 countries of the EU and in the period of 2006-2014. Cost efficiency
scores are measured by using the Panel Stochastic Frontier Analysis, and it is
seen that cost efficiency decreases within the debt crisis after 2010. Besides
competitive advantage is measured with the method of Lerner index, and it is
witnessed that the competitive advantage increases in the banking system of the
EU. With regard to the aim of the study, Granger causality between competition
and efficiency is examined, and there is a positive causality from competition
to efficiency, but also there is not causality from efficiency to competition.
According to these findings, the hypothesis of Quiet Life is not accepted for
the banking system of the EU.                      

Anahtar Kelimeler

Efficiency, Competition, Lerner Index, SFA

Kaynakça

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