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BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Total Factor Productivity of Tourism Sector of OECD Countries

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 157 - 177, 29.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.364743

Öz

In this study,
we try to analyze the total factor productivity of OECD countries in terms of
economics perspective with the 2011-2015 years data. The number of arrivals, tourism expenditures,
and logistic performance index were used as input variables; tourism receipt
also as output variables in accordance with the data acquired from World Bank
(WB). Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Indexes were applied to data with
output oriented models. According to research findings; all OECD countries seem to have
different
fluctuated efficiency
values in all kinds of efficiencies for those five years. Chech Republic was the only country that experienced
efficiency loss for five years; while the UK
is the only one that experienced increases in all type of efficiencies.
Moreover; USA, Japan, Turkey and New Zealand were the ones that never
experienced any loss in all kinds of efficiencies for the five years. In other
words, the efficiency values of those countries were either stable or increased
in that period.

Kaynakça

  • Akhisar, İ. & Tezergil, S.A. (2014). Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi: Türk Sigorta Sektörü Uygulaması. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 5 (10), 1-14.
  • Bahar, O. & Kozak, M. (2008). Tourism Economics Concepts and Practices, USA: Nova Publishing.
  • Cingi, S. & Tarım, Ş.A. (2000). Performance Appraisal in Turkish Banking System: A DEA Approach with TFP Index. Journal of The Banks Association of Turkey, 2000 (01), 1-34.
  • Coelli, T.J. (1996). A Guide to DEAP Version 2.1: A Data Envelopment Analysis Program. Center for Efficiency and Productive Analysis Working Paper, No.8.
  • Coelli, T.J., Rao, D.S.P., O’Donnell, T.J. & Battese, G.E. (2005). An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. USA: Springer.
  • Cooper, W., Lawrence, W., Seiford, L.M. & Tone K. (2000). Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text With Models, Applications, References and DEA Solver Software. USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., Norris, M. & Zong, Z.Y. (1994). Productivity Growth Technical Progress and Efficiency Change in Industry. American Economic review Combine with Journal of Economics Literature and Journal of Economic Respect, N.84, 66-80.
  • Frechtling, D.C. (1994). Assessing the Economic Impacts of Travel and Tourism-. Introduction to Travel Economic Impact Estimation, Travel. Tourism and Hospitality Research (Edited by J.R. Brent Ritchie –Charles R. Goldner), New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Goeldner, C.R. & Mcintosh, M. (1990). Tourism Principles, Practice, Philosophies (6th Edition). New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Grosskopf, S. (1993). The Measurement of Productive Efficiency: Techniques and Applications. H.O. Fried, C.A.K. Lovell and S.S. Schmith (Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Herrero, I. & Pascoe, S. (2004). Analysing the Effect of Technical Change on Individual Outputs Using Modified Quasi-Malmquist Indexes. Journal of The Operational Research Society, 55, 1081-1089.
  • İçöz, O. (1987). The Locational Effects of Tourism and An Example of Kuşadası, (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, İzmir Dokuz Eylul University Graduate School of Social Sciences).
  • İçöz, O. & Kozak, M. (1998). Tourism Economics. Ankara: Turhan Publication.
  • Kotil, E. & Kanat, N. (1993). Tourism Added Value and Multiplying Coefficients. Ankara: Tourism Ministry Publications, No:11.
  • Kök, R. & Şimşek, N. (2006). Industry Domestic Trade, Patents andInternational Technological Spread. UE-TEK International Conference of Economy, Ankara: Turkish Economic Association.
  • Kumbhakar, S.C. & Lovell C.A.K. (2000). Stochastic Frontier Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lorcu, F. (2010). Malmquist Productivity Index: An Application of Turkish Automotive Industry. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business Administration, 39 (2), 276-289.
  • Mahadevan, R. (2002). A DEA Approach to Understanding The Productivity Growth of Malaysia’s Manufacturing Industries. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19, 587-600.
  • Norman, M. & Stoker B. (1991). Data Envelopment Analysis: The Assessment of Performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • OECD (2016). Tourism Trends and Policy Priorities. http://www.keepeek. com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/industry-and-services/oecd-tourism-trends-and-policies-2016/tourism-trends-and-policy-priorities _tour-2016-5-en #page1. Accession Date: 21.08.2017.
  • Olalı, H. (1986). Tourism in Turkish Economy, İzmir: Ofis Publication.
  • Ramanathan, R. (2003). Data Envelopment Analysis, New Delhi: Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Rezitis, A.N. (2006). Productivity Growth in the Grek Banking Industry: A Nonparametric Approach. Journal of Applied Economics, 9 (1), 119-138.
  • Sengupta, J.K. (1995). Dynamics of Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory of Systems Efficiency. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Toma, E. (2014). Regional Scale Efficiency Evaluation by Input-Oriented Data Envelopment Analysis of Tourism Sector, International Journal of Academic Research in Environment and Geography, 1(1), 15-20.
  • United Nations World Trade Organization-UNWTO 2016. Tourism Highlights. http://www.e-nwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284418145 (Accession Date: 10.08.2017).
  • Ünlüönen, K., Tayfun A. & Kılıçlar A. (2007). Tourism Economics, Ankara: Nobel Publication.
  • Ünlüönen, K. & Şahin S.Z. (2011). Employment in Tourism. Electronical Journal of Social Sciences, 10 (37), 1-25.
  • Waters, S.R. (1998). Travel Industry World Yearbook (1997-1998), New York: Child & Waters Inc.
  • Worthington, A.C. (2001). An Emprical Survey of Frontier Efficiency Measurement Techniques in Education. Education Economics, 9 (3), 237-258.
  • Yanardağ, M.Ö, Avcı M. (2012). Problems in Tourism Sector Employment: An Empirical Evaluation On Marmaris, Fethiye, Bodrum. Ege Strategic Research Journal, 3(2), 39-62.
  • Yalçıner, K., Atan, M. & Boztosun D. (2005). The Relationship Between Financial Ratios And Stock Returns. The Journal of Accounting and Finance, 3 (27), 176- 187.

OECD Ülkeleri Turizm Sektöründe Toplam Faktör Verimliliği

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 157 - 177, 29.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.364743

Öz

Bu
çalışmada, 2011-2015 yıllarına ait verilerle OECD ülkelerinin turizm sektörünün
toplam faktör verimlilik düzeyinin taspitine yönelik iktisadi analiz yapılmaya
çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, girdi değişkeni olarak gelen yolcu sayısı, turizm
harcamaları, lojistik performans endeksi; çıktı değişkeni olarak da turizm
gelirleri olmak üzere toplam dört değişken kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Dünya
Bankası veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Analiz yöntemi olarak, Malmquist Toplam Factor Verimliliği
Indeksi’nin çıktıya yönelik modeli kullanılmıştır. Analiz neticesinde;
bu beş yıllık süreçte tüm etkinlik türleri bazında OECD ülkelerinin etkinlik
değerlerinin stabil olmadığı, artış ve azalış yönünde dalgalandığı
gözlenmiştir. Bu dönemde Çek Cumhuriyeti’nin tüm etkinlik türlerinde sürekli
kayıp yaşadığı, İngiltere’nin ise tüm etkinlik türlerinde etkinlik artışı
sağladığı tespir edilmiştir. Ayrıca ABD, Japonya, Yeni Zelanda ve Türkiye’nin
ise bu süreçte hiçbir etkinlik kaybı yaşamayan ülkeler olduğu görülmüştür. Bir
başka ifadeyle bu ülkelerin etkinlik değerleri ya stabil kalmış ya da artış
yönünde olmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Akhisar, İ. & Tezergil, S.A. (2014). Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi: Türk Sigorta Sektörü Uygulaması. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 5 (10), 1-14.
  • Bahar, O. & Kozak, M. (2008). Tourism Economics Concepts and Practices, USA: Nova Publishing.
  • Cingi, S. & Tarım, Ş.A. (2000). Performance Appraisal in Turkish Banking System: A DEA Approach with TFP Index. Journal of The Banks Association of Turkey, 2000 (01), 1-34.
  • Coelli, T.J. (1996). A Guide to DEAP Version 2.1: A Data Envelopment Analysis Program. Center for Efficiency and Productive Analysis Working Paper, No.8.
  • Coelli, T.J., Rao, D.S.P., O’Donnell, T.J. & Battese, G.E. (2005). An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. USA: Springer.
  • Cooper, W., Lawrence, W., Seiford, L.M. & Tone K. (2000). Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text With Models, Applications, References and DEA Solver Software. USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., Norris, M. & Zong, Z.Y. (1994). Productivity Growth Technical Progress and Efficiency Change in Industry. American Economic review Combine with Journal of Economics Literature and Journal of Economic Respect, N.84, 66-80.
  • Frechtling, D.C. (1994). Assessing the Economic Impacts of Travel and Tourism-. Introduction to Travel Economic Impact Estimation, Travel. Tourism and Hospitality Research (Edited by J.R. Brent Ritchie –Charles R. Goldner), New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Goeldner, C.R. & Mcintosh, M. (1990). Tourism Principles, Practice, Philosophies (6th Edition). New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Grosskopf, S. (1993). The Measurement of Productive Efficiency: Techniques and Applications. H.O. Fried, C.A.K. Lovell and S.S. Schmith (Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Herrero, I. & Pascoe, S. (2004). Analysing the Effect of Technical Change on Individual Outputs Using Modified Quasi-Malmquist Indexes. Journal of The Operational Research Society, 55, 1081-1089.
  • İçöz, O. (1987). The Locational Effects of Tourism and An Example of Kuşadası, (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, İzmir Dokuz Eylul University Graduate School of Social Sciences).
  • İçöz, O. & Kozak, M. (1998). Tourism Economics. Ankara: Turhan Publication.
  • Kotil, E. & Kanat, N. (1993). Tourism Added Value and Multiplying Coefficients. Ankara: Tourism Ministry Publications, No:11.
  • Kök, R. & Şimşek, N. (2006). Industry Domestic Trade, Patents andInternational Technological Spread. UE-TEK International Conference of Economy, Ankara: Turkish Economic Association.
  • Kumbhakar, S.C. & Lovell C.A.K. (2000). Stochastic Frontier Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lorcu, F. (2010). Malmquist Productivity Index: An Application of Turkish Automotive Industry. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business Administration, 39 (2), 276-289.
  • Mahadevan, R. (2002). A DEA Approach to Understanding The Productivity Growth of Malaysia’s Manufacturing Industries. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19, 587-600.
  • Norman, M. & Stoker B. (1991). Data Envelopment Analysis: The Assessment of Performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • OECD (2016). Tourism Trends and Policy Priorities. http://www.keepeek. com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/industry-and-services/oecd-tourism-trends-and-policies-2016/tourism-trends-and-policy-priorities _tour-2016-5-en #page1. Accession Date: 21.08.2017.
  • Olalı, H. (1986). Tourism in Turkish Economy, İzmir: Ofis Publication.
  • Ramanathan, R. (2003). Data Envelopment Analysis, New Delhi: Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Rezitis, A.N. (2006). Productivity Growth in the Grek Banking Industry: A Nonparametric Approach. Journal of Applied Economics, 9 (1), 119-138.
  • Sengupta, J.K. (1995). Dynamics of Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory of Systems Efficiency. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Toma, E. (2014). Regional Scale Efficiency Evaluation by Input-Oriented Data Envelopment Analysis of Tourism Sector, International Journal of Academic Research in Environment and Geography, 1(1), 15-20.
  • United Nations World Trade Organization-UNWTO 2016. Tourism Highlights. http://www.e-nwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284418145 (Accession Date: 10.08.2017).
  • Ünlüönen, K., Tayfun A. & Kılıçlar A. (2007). Tourism Economics, Ankara: Nobel Publication.
  • Ünlüönen, K. & Şahin S.Z. (2011). Employment in Tourism. Electronical Journal of Social Sciences, 10 (37), 1-25.
  • Waters, S.R. (1998). Travel Industry World Yearbook (1997-1998), New York: Child & Waters Inc.
  • Worthington, A.C. (2001). An Emprical Survey of Frontier Efficiency Measurement Techniques in Education. Education Economics, 9 (3), 237-258.
  • Yanardağ, M.Ö, Avcı M. (2012). Problems in Tourism Sector Employment: An Empirical Evaluation On Marmaris, Fethiye, Bodrum. Ege Strategic Research Journal, 3(2), 39-62.
  • Yalçıner, K., Atan, M. & Boztosun D. (2005). The Relationship Between Financial Ratios And Stock Returns. The Journal of Accounting and Finance, 3 (27), 176- 187.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Karatekin İİBF
Yazarlar

Rıza Bayrak 0000-0002-7397-2295

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bayrak, R. (2018). Total Factor Productivity of Tourism Sector of OECD Countries. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 157-177. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.364743
AMA Bayrak R. Total Factor Productivity of Tourism Sector of OECD Countries. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. Aralık 2018;8(2):157-177. doi:10.18074/ckuiibfd.364743
Chicago Bayrak, Rıza. “Total Factor Productivity of Tourism Sector of OECD Countries”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Aralık 2018): 157-77. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.364743.
EndNote Bayrak R (01 Aralık 2018) Total Factor Productivity of Tourism Sector of OECD Countries. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 8 2 157–177.
IEEE R. Bayrak, “Total Factor Productivity of Tourism Sector of OECD Countries”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 157–177, 2018, doi: 10.18074/ckuiibfd.364743.
ISNAD Bayrak, Rıza. “Total Factor Productivity of Tourism Sector of OECD Countries”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 8/2 (Aralık 2018), 157-177. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.364743.
JAMA Bayrak R. Total Factor Productivity of Tourism Sector of OECD Countries. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;8:157–177.
MLA Bayrak, Rıza. “Total Factor Productivity of Tourism Sector of OECD Countries”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 157-7, doi:10.18074/ckuiibfd.364743.
Vancouver Bayrak R. Total Factor Productivity of Tourism Sector of OECD Countries. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;8(2):157-7.