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“I DO NOT TRUST THESE ORGANIZATIONS!” WHY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS DO NOT VOLUNTEER IN TURKEY

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 33, 33 - 57, 13.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.467744

Öz

Why some people do not volunteer? After doing a comprehensive literature review we
summarized all potential reasons that have been mentioned so far. However, we
also found important discrepancies between different studies. Thus, we
concluded that an exploratory research can be useful to understand why people
do not volunteer. In this study, by conducting nine focus groups we analyzed
why university students from various disciplines of social sciences do not
volunteer in Turkey. Focus groups were realized with 52 university students in
Istanbul. Results revealed that the primary reason for the reluctance of
university students to volunteer was related to trust issues. In other words,
in Turkey, university students do not volunteer as they do not trust NGOs. Some
other important reasons were also discussed in the article.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, N., and Rushton, J. P. (1983). Personality characteristic of community health mental health volunteers: A review. Journal of Voluntary Action Research, 12, 36-49.
  • Amato, P. (1990). Personality and social network involvement as predictors of helping behavior in everyday life. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 31-43.
  • Astin, A. W., and Sax, L. J. (1998). How undergraduates are affected by service participation. Journal of College Student Development, 39, 251-263.
  • Astin, A. W., Sax, L., and Avalos, J. (1999). Long-term effects of volunteerism during the undergraduate years. Review of Higher Education, 22, 187-202.
  • Baum, F., Modra, C., Bush, R., Cox, E., Cooke, R., and Potter, R. (1999). Volunteering and social capital: An Adelaide study. Australian Journal on Volunteering, 4(1), 13-22.
  • Bekkers, R. (2003). De bijdragen der kerckelijken: 141–72, Ed. T. N. M. Schuyt. Houten/Mechelen, Netherlands: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.
  • Bloor, M., Frankland, J. Thomas, M. and Robson, K. (2001). Focus Groups in Social Research, Sage Publications, UK.
  • Bollen, K.A. (1993). Liberal democracy: Validity and method factors in cross-national measures. American Journal of Political Science, 37, 1207-1230.
  • Bowman, W. (2009). The economic value of volunteers to nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 19(4), 491-506.
  • Brady, H. E., Verba, S., and Schlozman, K. L. (1995). Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation. American Political Science Review, 89, 271-294.
  • Brooks, A. (2005). Does social capital make you generous? Social Science Quarterly, 86(1), 1–15.
  • Brudney, J. L., amd Gazley, B. (2002). Testing the conventional wisdom regarding volunteer programs: A longitudinal analysis of the service corps of retired executives and the U.S. Small business administration. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 31(4), 525-548.
  • Bryant, W. K., Slaughter, H. J., Kang, H., and Tax, A. (2003). Participation in Philanthropic Activities: Donating Money and Time. Journal of Consumer Policy, 26, 43–73.
  • Callero, P. L., Howard, J. A., and Piliavin, J. A. (1987). Helping behavior as role behavior: Disclosing social structure and history in the analysis of prosocial action. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50, 247-256.
  • Clary, E. G., Ridge, R. D., Stukas, A. A., Snyder, M., Copeland, J., Haugen, J., and Miene, P. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1516-1530.
  • Cnaan, R. A., Kasternakis, A., and Wineburg, R. J. (1993). Religious People, Religious Congregations, and Volunteerism in Human Services: Is There a Link? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 22, 33–51.
  • Connors, T. D. (1999). The volunteer management handbook. Wiley, New York.
  • Curtis, J. E., Grabb, E., and Baer, D. (1992). Voluntary association membership in fifteen countries: A comparative analysis. American Sociological Review, 57, 139-152.
  • De Hart, Joep. (1999). Godsdienst, Maatschappelijke Participatie en Sociaal Kapitaal. In P. Dekker and Den Haag (eds.), Netherlands: SCP.
  • Deci, E., and Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
  • Deci, E., Ryan, R. M., Gagne, M., Leone, D., Usunov, J., and Kornazheva, B. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern bloc country: A crosscultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930.
  • DeVoe, S. E., and Pfeffer, J. (2007). Hourly payment and volunteering: The effect of organizational practices on decisions about time use. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 783-798.
  • Einolf, C. J. (2011). Gender Differences in the Correlates of Volunteering and Charitable Giving. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(6), 1092-1112.
  • Penner, L.A. and Finkelstein, M.A. (1998). Dispositional and structural determinants of volunteerism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 525-537.Forsyth, J. (1999). Volunteer management strategies: Balancing risk and reward. Nonprofit World, 17(3), 40-43.
  • Frisch, M., and Gerrard, M. (1981). Natural helping systems: A survey of Red Cross volunteers. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 567-579.
  • Gaskin, K. and Smith, J. D. (1997). A New Civil Europe? A Study of the Extent and Role of Volunteering. The National Volunteering Centre, London.
  • Gidron, B. (1987). Integration of volunteer workers into formal human service agencies. Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 11(2), 191–205.
  • Gillespie, D. and King, A. (1985). Demographic Understanding of Volunteerism. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 12, 798-816.
  • Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. MA: Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • Haivas, S. M. (2009). The management of volunteers. Yearbook of Gh. Zane. Institute of Economic and Social Researches, 18(1), 69-76.
  • Hall, M. H., McKeown, L., and Roberts, K. (2001). Caring Canadians, involved Canadians: 2000 national survey of giving, volunteering and participating. Ottawa, Statistics Canada.
  • Hart, D., and Fegley, S. (1995). Altruism and caring in adolescence: Relation to self understanding and social development. Child Development, 66, 1347-1359.
  • Hart, D., Donnelly, T. M., Youniss, J., and Atkins, R. (2007). High school community service as a predictor of adult voting and volunteering. American Educational Research Journal, 44, 197-219.
  • Hodgkinson, V. A., Weitzman, S. M., and Kirsch A. D. (1990). Commitment to Action: How Religious Involvement Affects Giving and Volunteering. In R. Wuthnow and V. A. Hodgkinson (eds.), Faith and Philanthropy in America, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. CA: Sage Publications, Beverly Hills.
  • Hood, M. K. (2002). The one minute answer to volunteer management questions: A practical approach. Danville: Unterwater Publishing.
  • House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., and Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, leadership and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 cultures. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Janoski, T., Musick, M., and Wilson, J. (1998). "Being Volunteered? The Impact of Social Participation and Pro-Social Attitudes on Volunteering." Sociological Forum 13(3): 495-519.
  • Katz, E., and Rosenberg, J. (2005). An economic theory of volunteering. European Journal of Political Economy, 21, 429-443.
  • Kelley, J. and De Graaf, N. D. (1997). National Context, Parental Socialization, and Religious Belief: Results from 15 Nations. American Sociological Review, 62, 639-659.
  • Kirkpatrick, J. M., Beebe, T., Mortimer, J. T., and Snyder, M. (1998). Volunteerism in adolescence: A process perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, 309-332.
  • Kitzinger J. (1994). The methodology of focus groups: the importance of interaction between research participants. Sociology of Health and Illness, 16(1), 103–121.
  • Kreutzer, K., and Jager, U. (2011). Volunteering versus managerialism: Conflict over organizational identity in voluntary associations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(4), 634–661.
  • Ludwig, T. M. (2000). The sacred paths. Understanding the religions of the world. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Macduff, N. (1995). Volunteer and staff relations. In T. D. (eds.), Volunteer management handbook, Connors.
  • Maritim, F.K. (2008). Reasons why students and individuals do not volunteer: Analysis of the survey. University of Texas at El Paso.
  • McCurley, S., and Lynch, R. (1997). Essential volunteer management. London: Directory of Social Change.
  • Morgan, D.L. (1997). Focus Groups as Qualitative Research. Second Edition. USA: Sage Publications.
  • Musick, M. A., and Wilson, J. (2008). Volunteers. A social profile. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Musick, M. A., Wilson, J. and Bynum, W. B. (2000). Race and Formal Volunteering: The Differential Effects of Class and Religion. Social Forces, 78, 1539-1570.
  • Oliveira T. V., Pallister J. G., and Foxall, G. R. (2013). Accounting for Sustained Volunteering by Young People: An Expanded TPB. Voluntas, 24, 1180–1198.
  • Palaz, S., and Boz, I. (2008). Factors Influencing College Graduate Adults to Provide Volunteer Service in Different Organizations. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9, 95-106.
  • Pancer, S. M., Pratt, M. W., and Hunsberger, B. (1998). Community and political involvement in adolescence. What distinguishes the activist from the uninvolved? 7th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Adolescence, San Diego.
  • Parboteeah, K, Lim, L. and Cullen, J. B. (2004). Formal Volunteering: a cross national test. Journal of World Business, 39, 431-441.
  • Penner, L. A. (2002). Dispositional and organizational influences on sustained volunteerism: An interactionist perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 447-467.
  • Ruiter, S., and De Graaf, N. D. (2006). National Context, Religiosity, and Volunteering: Results from 53 Countries. American Sociological Review, 71, 191-210.
  • Schoenberg, S. P. (1980). Some trends in the community participation of women in their neighborhoods. Signs, Secretary-General. New York: The United Nations.
  • Serow, R. C. (1991). Students and voluntarism: Looking into the motives of community service participants. American Educational Research Journal, 28, 543-556.
  • Smith, D. H. (1994). Determinants of Voluntary Association Participation and Volunteering. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 23, 243-63.
  • Snow, D. A., Zurcher, L. A. and Olson, S. E. (1980). Social Networks and Social Movements: A Microstructural Approach to Differential Recruitment. American Sociological Review, 45, 787–801.
  • Taniguchi, H. and Leonard D. T. (2011). The Influences of Religious Attitudes on Volunteering. Voluntas, 22, 335-355.
  • Tayşir, E. A., Pazarcık, Y. and Tayşir, N. K. (2013). What Motivates Nonprofit Organizations’ Top Managers to Volunteer? Journal of Transnational Management, 2(18), 164-187.
  • Tilly, C., and Tilly, C. (1994). Capitalist work and labor markets. In N. J. Smelser, & R. Swedberg (eds.), Handbook of economic sociology, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Turner, J. H. (1997). The institutional order. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers.
  • Uslaner, E. M. (2002). Religion and civic engagement in Canada and the United States. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41, 239-254.
  • Van Tienen, M. Scheepers, P, Reitsma J., and Schilderman H. (2011). The Role of Religiosity for Formal and Informal Volunteering in the Netherlands. Voluntas, 22, 365–389.
  • Wang, L., and Graddy, E. (2008). Social capital, volunteering, and charitable giving. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 19(1), 23-42.
  • Watt, David H. (1991). United States: Cultural Challenges to the Voluntary Sector. In R. Wuthnow (eds.), Between States and Markets: The Voluntary Sector in Comparative Perspective, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Wilson, J., and Musick, M. (1997). Who cares? Toward an integrated theory of volunteer work. American Sociological Review, 62, 694–713.
  • Wilson, J. (2000). Volunteering. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 215-240.
  • Xu, Y., and Ngai, N. (2011). Moral resources and political capital: Theorizing the relationship between voluntary service organizations and the development of civil society in China. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(2), 247–269.
  • http://www.tusev.org.tr/tr/arastirma-ve-yayinlar/tusev-atolye/sivil-toplum-ile-ilgiliistatistikler
  • U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008.
  • https://www.cafonline.org/docs/default-source/about-us-publications/caf_wgi2014_report_1555awebfinal.pdf (Accessed, 29.11.2015)
  • World Prosperity Index http://media.prosperity.com/2015/pdf/publications/PI2015Brochure_WEB.pdf (Accessed, 29.11.2015).
  • http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/education-index. (Accessed, 29.11.2015).
  • http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/290/file/290.pdf (Accessed, 29.11.2015).
  • http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/map/hofstede-individualism.html (Accessed, 29.11.2015).
  • http://ourworldindata.org/data/culture-values-and-society/trust/ (Accessed, 29.11.2015).

"Bu Organizasyonlara Güvenmiyorum!" Türkiye'de Üniversite Öğrencilerinin STK'larda Gönüllü Olmama Nedenleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 33, 33 - 57, 13.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.467744

Öz

Bazı kişiler neden gönüllü olmaz? Bu soruya yanıt vermek adına geniş bir literatür taraması yapılarak olası nedenler tanımlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, yaptığımız literatür taraması, soruya verilen yanıtlar arasında tutarsızlıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, keşifsel bir çalışma ile bazı kişilerin neden STK'larda gönüllü olmadığını araştırmanın, teorik ve pratik katkıları olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye'de sosyal bilimlerin farklı disiplinlerinde eğitim gören 52 lisans öğrencisi ile 9 odak grup görüşmesi yapılmış ve öğrencilerin neden STK'lara katılım göstermediği anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonçları göstermektedir ki, üniversite öğrencilerinin STK'lara gönüllü olarak katılım göstermemesinin temel nedeni, bu organizasyonlara güvenmiyor olmalarıdır. Öğrencilerin STK'lara gönüllü olarak katılım göstermemelerinin öne çıkan diğer nedenleri de çalışma içinde tartışılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, N., and Rushton, J. P. (1983). Personality characteristic of community health mental health volunteers: A review. Journal of Voluntary Action Research, 12, 36-49.
  • Amato, P. (1990). Personality and social network involvement as predictors of helping behavior in everyday life. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 31-43.
  • Astin, A. W., and Sax, L. J. (1998). How undergraduates are affected by service participation. Journal of College Student Development, 39, 251-263.
  • Astin, A. W., Sax, L., and Avalos, J. (1999). Long-term effects of volunteerism during the undergraduate years. Review of Higher Education, 22, 187-202.
  • Baum, F., Modra, C., Bush, R., Cox, E., Cooke, R., and Potter, R. (1999). Volunteering and social capital: An Adelaide study. Australian Journal on Volunteering, 4(1), 13-22.
  • Bekkers, R. (2003). De bijdragen der kerckelijken: 141–72, Ed. T. N. M. Schuyt. Houten/Mechelen, Netherlands: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.
  • Bloor, M., Frankland, J. Thomas, M. and Robson, K. (2001). Focus Groups in Social Research, Sage Publications, UK.
  • Bollen, K.A. (1993). Liberal democracy: Validity and method factors in cross-national measures. American Journal of Political Science, 37, 1207-1230.
  • Bowman, W. (2009). The economic value of volunteers to nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 19(4), 491-506.
  • Brady, H. E., Verba, S., and Schlozman, K. L. (1995). Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation. American Political Science Review, 89, 271-294.
  • Brooks, A. (2005). Does social capital make you generous? Social Science Quarterly, 86(1), 1–15.
  • Brudney, J. L., amd Gazley, B. (2002). Testing the conventional wisdom regarding volunteer programs: A longitudinal analysis of the service corps of retired executives and the U.S. Small business administration. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 31(4), 525-548.
  • Bryant, W. K., Slaughter, H. J., Kang, H., and Tax, A. (2003). Participation in Philanthropic Activities: Donating Money and Time. Journal of Consumer Policy, 26, 43–73.
  • Callero, P. L., Howard, J. A., and Piliavin, J. A. (1987). Helping behavior as role behavior: Disclosing social structure and history in the analysis of prosocial action. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50, 247-256.
  • Clary, E. G., Ridge, R. D., Stukas, A. A., Snyder, M., Copeland, J., Haugen, J., and Miene, P. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1516-1530.
  • Cnaan, R. A., Kasternakis, A., and Wineburg, R. J. (1993). Religious People, Religious Congregations, and Volunteerism in Human Services: Is There a Link? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 22, 33–51.
  • Connors, T. D. (1999). The volunteer management handbook. Wiley, New York.
  • Curtis, J. E., Grabb, E., and Baer, D. (1992). Voluntary association membership in fifteen countries: A comparative analysis. American Sociological Review, 57, 139-152.
  • De Hart, Joep. (1999). Godsdienst, Maatschappelijke Participatie en Sociaal Kapitaal. In P. Dekker and Den Haag (eds.), Netherlands: SCP.
  • Deci, E., and Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
  • Deci, E., Ryan, R. M., Gagne, M., Leone, D., Usunov, J., and Kornazheva, B. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern bloc country: A crosscultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930.
  • DeVoe, S. E., and Pfeffer, J. (2007). Hourly payment and volunteering: The effect of organizational practices on decisions about time use. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 783-798.
  • Einolf, C. J. (2011). Gender Differences in the Correlates of Volunteering and Charitable Giving. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(6), 1092-1112.
  • Penner, L.A. and Finkelstein, M.A. (1998). Dispositional and structural determinants of volunteerism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 525-537.Forsyth, J. (1999). Volunteer management strategies: Balancing risk and reward. Nonprofit World, 17(3), 40-43.
  • Frisch, M., and Gerrard, M. (1981). Natural helping systems: A survey of Red Cross volunteers. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 567-579.
  • Gaskin, K. and Smith, J. D. (1997). A New Civil Europe? A Study of the Extent and Role of Volunteering. The National Volunteering Centre, London.
  • Gidron, B. (1987). Integration of volunteer workers into formal human service agencies. Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 11(2), 191–205.
  • Gillespie, D. and King, A. (1985). Demographic Understanding of Volunteerism. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 12, 798-816.
  • Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. MA: Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • Haivas, S. M. (2009). The management of volunteers. Yearbook of Gh. Zane. Institute of Economic and Social Researches, 18(1), 69-76.
  • Hall, M. H., McKeown, L., and Roberts, K. (2001). Caring Canadians, involved Canadians: 2000 national survey of giving, volunteering and participating. Ottawa, Statistics Canada.
  • Hart, D., and Fegley, S. (1995). Altruism and caring in adolescence: Relation to self understanding and social development. Child Development, 66, 1347-1359.
  • Hart, D., Donnelly, T. M., Youniss, J., and Atkins, R. (2007). High school community service as a predictor of adult voting and volunteering. American Educational Research Journal, 44, 197-219.
  • Hodgkinson, V. A., Weitzman, S. M., and Kirsch A. D. (1990). Commitment to Action: How Religious Involvement Affects Giving and Volunteering. In R. Wuthnow and V. A. Hodgkinson (eds.), Faith and Philanthropy in America, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. CA: Sage Publications, Beverly Hills.
  • Hood, M. K. (2002). The one minute answer to volunteer management questions: A practical approach. Danville: Unterwater Publishing.
  • House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., and Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, leadership and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 cultures. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Janoski, T., Musick, M., and Wilson, J. (1998). "Being Volunteered? The Impact of Social Participation and Pro-Social Attitudes on Volunteering." Sociological Forum 13(3): 495-519.
  • Katz, E., and Rosenberg, J. (2005). An economic theory of volunteering. European Journal of Political Economy, 21, 429-443.
  • Kelley, J. and De Graaf, N. D. (1997). National Context, Parental Socialization, and Religious Belief: Results from 15 Nations. American Sociological Review, 62, 639-659.
  • Kirkpatrick, J. M., Beebe, T., Mortimer, J. T., and Snyder, M. (1998). Volunteerism in adolescence: A process perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8, 309-332.
  • Kitzinger J. (1994). The methodology of focus groups: the importance of interaction between research participants. Sociology of Health and Illness, 16(1), 103–121.
  • Kreutzer, K., and Jager, U. (2011). Volunteering versus managerialism: Conflict over organizational identity in voluntary associations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(4), 634–661.
  • Ludwig, T. M. (2000). The sacred paths. Understanding the religions of the world. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Macduff, N. (1995). Volunteer and staff relations. In T. D. (eds.), Volunteer management handbook, Connors.
  • Maritim, F.K. (2008). Reasons why students and individuals do not volunteer: Analysis of the survey. University of Texas at El Paso.
  • McCurley, S., and Lynch, R. (1997). Essential volunteer management. London: Directory of Social Change.
  • Morgan, D.L. (1997). Focus Groups as Qualitative Research. Second Edition. USA: Sage Publications.
  • Musick, M. A., and Wilson, J. (2008). Volunteers. A social profile. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Musick, M. A., Wilson, J. and Bynum, W. B. (2000). Race and Formal Volunteering: The Differential Effects of Class and Religion. Social Forces, 78, 1539-1570.
  • Oliveira T. V., Pallister J. G., and Foxall, G. R. (2013). Accounting for Sustained Volunteering by Young People: An Expanded TPB. Voluntas, 24, 1180–1198.
  • Palaz, S., and Boz, I. (2008). Factors Influencing College Graduate Adults to Provide Volunteer Service in Different Organizations. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9, 95-106.
  • Pancer, S. M., Pratt, M. W., and Hunsberger, B. (1998). Community and political involvement in adolescence. What distinguishes the activist from the uninvolved? 7th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Adolescence, San Diego.
  • Parboteeah, K, Lim, L. and Cullen, J. B. (2004). Formal Volunteering: a cross national test. Journal of World Business, 39, 431-441.
  • Penner, L. A. (2002). Dispositional and organizational influences on sustained volunteerism: An interactionist perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 447-467.
  • Ruiter, S., and De Graaf, N. D. (2006). National Context, Religiosity, and Volunteering: Results from 53 Countries. American Sociological Review, 71, 191-210.
  • Schoenberg, S. P. (1980). Some trends in the community participation of women in their neighborhoods. Signs, Secretary-General. New York: The United Nations.
  • Serow, R. C. (1991). Students and voluntarism: Looking into the motives of community service participants. American Educational Research Journal, 28, 543-556.
  • Smith, D. H. (1994). Determinants of Voluntary Association Participation and Volunteering. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 23, 243-63.
  • Snow, D. A., Zurcher, L. A. and Olson, S. E. (1980). Social Networks and Social Movements: A Microstructural Approach to Differential Recruitment. American Sociological Review, 45, 787–801.
  • Taniguchi, H. and Leonard D. T. (2011). The Influences of Religious Attitudes on Volunteering. Voluntas, 22, 335-355.
  • Tayşir, E. A., Pazarcık, Y. and Tayşir, N. K. (2013). What Motivates Nonprofit Organizations’ Top Managers to Volunteer? Journal of Transnational Management, 2(18), 164-187.
  • Tilly, C., and Tilly, C. (1994). Capitalist work and labor markets. In N. J. Smelser, & R. Swedberg (eds.), Handbook of economic sociology, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Turner, J. H. (1997). The institutional order. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers.
  • Uslaner, E. M. (2002). Religion and civic engagement in Canada and the United States. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41, 239-254.
  • Van Tienen, M. Scheepers, P, Reitsma J., and Schilderman H. (2011). The Role of Religiosity for Formal and Informal Volunteering in the Netherlands. Voluntas, 22, 365–389.
  • Wang, L., and Graddy, E. (2008). Social capital, volunteering, and charitable giving. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 19(1), 23-42.
  • Watt, David H. (1991). United States: Cultural Challenges to the Voluntary Sector. In R. Wuthnow (eds.), Between States and Markets: The Voluntary Sector in Comparative Perspective, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Wilson, J., and Musick, M. (1997). Who cares? Toward an integrated theory of volunteer work. American Sociological Review, 62, 694–713.
  • Wilson, J. (2000). Volunteering. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 215-240.
  • Xu, Y., and Ngai, N. (2011). Moral resources and political capital: Theorizing the relationship between voluntary service organizations and the development of civil society in China. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(2), 247–269.
  • http://www.tusev.org.tr/tr/arastirma-ve-yayinlar/tusev-atolye/sivil-toplum-ile-ilgiliistatistikler
  • U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008.
  • https://www.cafonline.org/docs/default-source/about-us-publications/caf_wgi2014_report_1555awebfinal.pdf (Accessed, 29.11.2015)
  • World Prosperity Index http://media.prosperity.com/2015/pdf/publications/PI2015Brochure_WEB.pdf (Accessed, 29.11.2015).
  • http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/education-index. (Accessed, 29.11.2015).
  • http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/290/file/290.pdf (Accessed, 29.11.2015).
  • http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/map/hofstede-individualism.html (Accessed, 29.11.2015).
  • http://ourworldindata.org/data/culture-values-and-society/trust/ (Accessed, 29.11.2015).
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Eyüp Aygün TAYŞİR

Zeynep ERDOĞMUŞ Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Mart 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Ekim 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 33

Kaynak Göster

APA TAYŞİR, E. A., & ERDOĞMUŞ, Z. (2019). “I DO NOT TRUST THESE ORGANIZATIONS!” WHY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS DO NOT VOLUNTEER IN TURKEY. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(33), 33-57. https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.467744

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