ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: BRICS ÜLKELERİ İÇİN BİR UYGULAMA

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 431 - 447, 30.11.2018

Şerife Merve Koşaroğlu Ahmet Şengönül

Öz

Kullanım
alanlarındaki artış enerji unsurunu büyüme ve kalkınmanın gereklerinden biri
haline getirmektedir. Enerji kaynakları içinde, kullanım avantajları açısından
ve çevresel etkilerinin diğer enerji kaynaklarına göre az olması nedeniyle elektrik
enerjisi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu özellikleriyle dikkat çeken elektrik tüketimi
ve büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen pek çok ampirik çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu
çalışmada, son dönem ekonomik büyüme hızları ve gelişme potansiyelleriyle
dikkat çeken BRICS ülkelerinde elektrik tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi
araştırılmıştır. 1990-2014 dönemi yıllık verileriyle yapılan VECM nedensellik
test sonucu kısa dönemde elektrik tüketiminden ekonomik büyümeye, uzun dönemde
ise ekonomik büyümeden elektrik tüketimine doğru ilişkinin varlığını
göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektrik Tüketimi, Ekonomik Büyüme

Kaynakça

• Abbas, Nagia; Sidra Saeed, Sobia Manzoor, Muhammad Usman Arshad and Umair Bilal (2015), “The Relationship Between Electricity Consumption, Employment Rate, Inflation and Economic Growth in Five Developing Countries”, British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 5(2), 164-171.
• Abokyi, Eric; Paul Appiah-Konadu, Isaiah Sikayena and Eric F. Oteng-Abayie (2018), “Consumption of Electricity and Industrial Growth in the Case of Ghana”, Journal of Energy, 1-11.
• Acaravcı, Ali (2010), “Structural Breaks, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey”, Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, V.2, 140-154.
• Adom, Philip Kofi (2011), “Electricity Consumption-Economic Growth Nexus: The Ghanaian Case”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 1(1), 18-31.
• Akinwale, Y.; O. Jesuleye and W. Siyanbola (2013), “Empirical Analysis of the Causal Relationship Between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Nigeria”, British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 3(3), 277-295.
• Akpan, Godwin Effiong and Useobong Friday Akpan (2012), “Electricity Consumption, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in Nigeria”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2(4), 292-306.
• Aktaş, Cengiz ve Veysel Yılmaz (2008), “Causal Relationship Between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey”, ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(8), 45-54.
• Alper, Ali Eren ve Gürçem Oransay (2015), “Cari Açık ve Finansal Gelişmişlik İlişkisinin Panel Nedensellik Analizi Ekseninde Değerlendirilmesi”, Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 1(2), 73-85.
• Apergis, Nicholas and James E. Payne (2011), “A Dynamic Panel Study of Economic Development and the Electricity Consumption-Growth Nexus”, Energy Economics, 33(5),770-781.
• Arseneau, David M. (2011), “Explaining the Energy Consumption Portfolio in a Cross-section of Countries: Are the BRICs Different?”, International Finance Discussion Papers, 1-30.
• Aydın, Bayram ve Emre Güneşer Bozdağ (2018), “Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Örneği”, International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 4(18), 70-80.
• Bashier, Al-Abdulrazag A. (2016), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Jordan: Bounds Testing Cointegration Approach”, European Scientific Journal, 12(1), 429-443.
• Baltagi, Badi H. (2005), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, John Wiley&Sons Ltd., Third Edition, England.
• Bayar, Yılmaz ve Hasan Alp Özel (2014), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, 4(2), 1-18.
• Bayat, Tayfur; A. Fahimi Aydın, Selim Kayhan ve Uğur Adıgüzel (2011), “Causality Analysis of Economic Growth, Electricity Consumption and Employment in Manufacturing Industry: Examples of Turkey”, Akademik Fener Dergisi, N.15, 85-95.
• Bildirici, Melike E.; Tahsin Bakirtaş ve Fazıl Kayıkçı (2012), “Economic Growth and Electricity Consumption: Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Analysis”, Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 23(4), 29-45.
• Bouoıyour, Jamal; Refk Selmi and İlhan Öztürk (2014), “The Nexus Between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: New Insights from Meta-Analysis”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(4), 621-635.
• Chakravarty, Devleena and Sabuj Kumar Mandal (2015), “Estimating The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Environmnatal Quality for The BRICS Economies – A Dynamic Data Approach”, Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Conference on Business and Social Sciences, 194-205.
• Chang, Tsangayo; Chia-Hao Lee and Pei-I Chou (2012), “Perspectives on Purchasing Power Parity for the Middle East”, İnternet Adresi: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4cf2/eecadde8a82aa97e8bebbf85a0473cda9634.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2018.
• Cowan, Wendy N.; Tsangyao Chang, Roula Inglesi-Lotz and Rangan Gupta (2014), “The Nexus of Electricity Consumption, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in the BRICS Countries”, Energy Policy, V.66, 359-368.
• Deniz, Pınar (2015), “Electricity Consumption and Growth: Wavelet Analysis for Emerging Markets”, Journal of Economics, Business, Politics and International Relations, 1(1), 1-15.
• Dhungel, Kamal Raj (2017), “Linkages Between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidences from South Asian Economies”, Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment, V.20, 18-22.
• Dlamini, Janneke; Mehmet Balcılar, Rangan Gupta and Roula Inglesi-Lotz (2015), “Revisiting the Causality Between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in South Africa: Evidence from Bootstrap Rolling Window Approach”, İnternet Adresi: https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/45823/Dlamini_Revisiting_2015.pdf;sequence=1, Erişim Tarihi: 04.08.2018.
• Ergün, Suzan ve Melike Atay-Polat (2015), “OECD Ülkelerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 45, 115-141.
• Gengenbach, Christian; Franz C. Palm and Jean-Pierre Urbain (2008), “Panel Unit Root Tests in the Presence of Cross-Sectional Dependencies: Comparion and Implications for Modelling”, İnternet Adresi: http://digitalarchive.maastrichtuniversity.nl/fedora/get/guid:315b0202-02c1-4e8b-9a44-315fc6539933/ASSET1, Erişim Tarihi:13.08.2018.
• Ghosh, Sajal (2012), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in India”, Energy Policy, V.30, 125-129.
• Gökten, Soner ve Selim Kartepe (2016), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: A Causality Analysis for Turkey in the Frame of Import-Based Energy Consumption and Current Account Deficit”, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 11(4), 385-389.
• Gómez, Mario and José Carlos Rodríguez (2015), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Mexico”, International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 9(8), 2803-2808.
• Hamdi, Helmi and Rashid Sbia (2012), “Modeling Causality Between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in BIICS Countries”, MPRA Paper, N.49909, 1-18.
• Hamdi, Helmi and Rashid Sbia (2013), “Short-run and Long-run Causality Between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in a Small Open Economy”, MPRA Paper, N.49904, 1-17.
• Iyke, Bernard Njindan (2014), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Revisit of the Energy-Growth Debate”, MPRA Paper, N.70001, 1-21.
• Kargı, Bilal (2014), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: A Long-Term Co-integrated Analysis for Turkey”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(4), 285-293.
• Kasperowicz, Rafal (2014), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Poland”, Journal of International Studies, 7(1), 46-57.
• Kayhan, Selim; Uğur Adıgüzel, Tayfur Bayat and Fuat Lebe (2010), “Causality Relationship Between Real GDP and Electricity Consumption in Romania (2001-2010)”, Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, V.4, 169-183.
• Khobai, Hlalefang (2017), Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach to BRICS Countries, MPRA Paper, N.82460, 1-18.
• Kıran, Burcu and Burak Guriş (2009), “Relationship Between Electricity Consumption and GDP in Turkey”, Problems and Perspectives in Management, 7(1), 166-171.
• Kraft, John and Arthur Kraft (1978), “Relationship Between Energy and GDP”, Journal of Energy Finance & Development, 3, 401-403.
• Lu, Wen-Cheng (2017), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from 17 Taiwanese Industries”, Sustainability, MDPI, Open Access Journal, 9(1), 1-15.
• Javid, Attiya Yasmin; Muhammad Javid and Zahid Ashraf Awan (2013), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Pakistan”, Economics and Business Letters, 2(1), 21-32
• Matei, Iuliana and Cristina Stamin (2016), “Explaining the Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in a Dynamic Panel Model: Are the BRICs Countries Different?”, International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research, 2(7), 183-188.
• Narin, Müslüme ve Dilek Kutluay (2013), “Değişen Küresel Ekonomik Düzen: BRIC, 3G ve N-11 Ülkeleri”, İnternet Adresi: http://www.aso.org.tr/b2b/asobilgi/sayilar/dosyaocaksubat2013.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 30.07.2018.
• Ogundipe, Adeyemi A. and Ayomide Apata (2013), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Nigeria”, Journal of Business Management and Applied Economics, 2(4), 1-14.
• Omri, Anis (2017), “An International Literatüre Survey on Energy-Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Country-Specific Studies”, MPRA Paper, N.82452, 1-24.Ozturk, Ilhan (2010), “A Literature Survey on Energy-Growth Nexus”, Energy Policy, V.38, 340-349.
• Ozturk, Ilhan and Ali Acaravci (2011), “Electricity Consumption and Real GDP Causality: Evidence from ARDL Bounds Testing Approach for MENA Countries”, Applied Energy, 88(8), 2885-2892.
• Pata, Uğur Korkut and Harun Terzi (2017), “The Causality Link Between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey: Evidence from ARDL Bounds Testing Procedure”, Business and Economics Research Journal, 8(1), 19-33.
• Persyn, Damiaan and Joakim Westerlund (2008), “Error-Correction-Based Cointegration Tests for Panel Data”, The Stata Journal, 8(2), 232-241.
• Pesaran, M. Hashem (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics N.0435, 1-40.
• Pesaran, M. Hashem (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross Section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
• Polemis, Michael L. and Athanasios Dagoumas (2013), “The Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Greece”, Energy Policy, V.62, 798-808.
• Sami, Janesh (2011), “Multivariate Cointegration and Causality Between Exports, Electricity Consumption and Real Income per Capita: Recent Evidence from Japan”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 1(3), 59-68.
• Sekantsiand, Lira and Mamofokeng Motlokoa (2016), “Evidence on the Nexus Between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth Through Empirical Investigation of Uganda”, Review of Economic & Business Studies, 8(1), 149-165.
• Shahbaz, Muhammad and Hooi Hooi Lean (2012), “The Dynamics of Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: A Revisit Study of Their Causality in Pakistan”, Energy, 39(1), 146-153.
• Yapraklı, Sevda ve Z. Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz (2012), “Elektrik Tüketimi ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik: Türkiye Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Analiz”, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 195-215.
• Yerdelen-Tatoğlu, Ferda (2017), Panel Zaman Serileri Analizi, Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş., İstanbul.
• Yuan, Jiahai; Changhong Zhao, Shunkun Yu and Zhaoguang Hu (2006), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in China: Cointegration and Co-feature Analysis”, Energy Economics, V.29, 1179-1191.