Derleme
Ethical Decision Making for Risky Behaviors: A Model for School Counseling in Turkey
Öz
In Turkey,
there is not a great deal of research about ethical dilemmas and ethical
decision-making mechanisms for school counselors; yet existing studies reveal
difficulties school counselors face when handling difficult situations. The
current paper proposes a culture-specific, including systemic and legal
considerations, ethical-decision making model for school counselors in Turkey
for risky behaviors of the students. The proposed model is based on the current
situation regarding ethical issues in school counseling in Turkey with
reference to the TPCGA, ASCA, and ACA ethical guidelines. A case example was
provided, followed by further recommendations for policy, research, and
practice.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ethical decision-making ethical dilemmas risky behaviors school counseling.
Kaynakça
- American Counseling Association (ACA) (2014). Code of ethics. Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/resources/aca-code-of-ethics.pdf American School Counselor Association (ASCA). (2016). Ethical standards for school counselors. Retrieved from www.schoolcounselor.org Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2001). Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed). New York: Oxford University. Bodenhorn, N. (2006). Exploratory study of common and challenging ethical dilemmas experienced by professional school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 10(2), 195-202. Bond, T. (2016). Psikolojik danışma uygulamasında etik ve standartlar (B. Yeşilyaprak Edt.) [Standards and ethics for counselling in action]. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. Brunner, R., Parzer, P., Haffner, J., Steen, R., Roos, J., Klett, M., & Resch, F. (2007). Prevalence and psychological correlates of occasional and repetitive deliberate self-harm in adolescents. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, 161, 641–649. Child Protection Law, Number 5395, published in the official news in 15th May, 2015, Issue 25876, Item 3. Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. (2016). 2016 CACREP standards. Retrieved from http://www.cacrep.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/2016-CACREP-Standards.pdf Corey, G., Corey, M. S., & Callanan, P. (2011). Issues and ethics in the helping professions (8th ed.). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co. Culbreth, C. R., & Korkut, F. (2006). A comparison of school counselor training programs between Turkey and the United States of America. ERIC Database, ED495202. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED495202.pdf Doğan, S. (1998). Counseling in Turkey: Current status and future challenges. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 6, 1–12. Doğan, S. (2000a). Psikolojik danışman eğitiminde akreditasyonun gereği ve bir model önerisi [Necessity of an accreditation in counselor education programs and a proposed model]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2, 31–38. Doğan, S. (2000b). The historical development of counseling in Turkey. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 22, 57–67. Erdur-Barker, Ö., & Çetinkaya, E. (2007). Etik: Davranışta kırılma noktası [Ethics: Breaking point in behavior]. In R. Özyürek, F. K. Owen ve D. W. Owen (Ed.), Gelişen psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik: Meslekleşme sürecindeki ilerlemeler (pp. 163-182). Ankara: Nobel. Ergene, T. (2004). Ethical dilemmas in psychological counseling. Ethical decision making processes. Euroasian Journal of Educational Research, 4(15), 49-55. Erkan, S., Güven, M., Kılıç, S,., Erdoğan Altay, F., Çetin, H., Gülebağlan, C., . . . Toraman, Ç. (2006). İlköğretim ve ortaöğretim kurumları sınıf rehberlik programı [Classroom guidance programs for elementary and secondary schools]. Retrieved from http://orgm.meb.gov.tr/arsiv/Rehberlik_Programi.pdf Forester-Miller, H., & Davis, T. (1996). A practitioner’s guide to ethical decision making. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association. Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/practitioners_guide.pdf?sfvrsn=2 Garcia, J. G., Winston, S. M., Borzuchowskz, B., & McGuire-Kuletz, M. (2004). Evaluating the integrative model of ethical decision-making. Rehabilitation Education, 18, 147-167. Gladding, S. (2009). Counseling: A comprehensive profession, (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson. Glosoff, H. L., & Pate, R. H. (2002). Privacy and confidentiality in school counseling. Professional School Counseling, 6(1), 20-28. Gümüş, A. E., & Gümüş, M. A. (2008). The legal responsibility of the counselor on the basis of counseling contract. Ankara University, Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 41(1), 275-297. Gümüş, A. E., & Gümüş, M. A. (2009). Bilgilendirilmiş onay: Psikolojik danışma sürecinin yasal ve etik yükümlülüğü [Informant consent: Ethical and legal liabilities in counseling process]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(31), 69-79. Gümüş, A. E., & Gümüş, M. A. (2010). Psikolojik danışmada etik ve hukuk [Ethics and law in counseling]. İstanbul: Vedat Kitapçılık. Gysbers, N. C., & Henderson, P. (2001). Comprehensive guidance and counseling programs: A rich history and a bright future. Professional School Counseling, 4(4), 246–256. Hamamcı, Z., Murat, M., & Esen-Çoban, A. (2004). Gaziantep’teki okullarda çalışan psikolojik danışmanların mesleki sorunlarının incelenmesi [Examination of the problems of school counselors in Gaziantep]. XIII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı, 6-9 Temmuz 2004 İnönü Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Malatya. Hansen, N. D., & Goldberg, S. G. (1999). Navigating the nuances: A matrix for consideration of ethical-legal dilemmas. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 30, 495-503. Huey, W. C., & Remley, T. P., Jr. (1988). Ethical and legal issues in school counseling. Alexandria, VA: American School Counselor Association. Isaacs, M. L., & Stone, C. (1999). School counselors and confidentiality: Factors affecting professional choices. Professional School Counseling, 2(4), 258-266. Iyer, N. N., & Baxter-MacGregor, J. (2010), Ethical dilemmas for the school counselor: Balancing student confidentiality and parents’ right to know. NERA Conference Proceedings 2010. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/ İkiz, F. E., Mete Otlu, B., & Arslan, Ü. (2017). Trainee psychological counselors’ understanding of ethics. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 6(2), 10-17. Kitchener, K. S. (1984). Intuition, critical evaluation and ethical principles: The foundation for ethical decisions in counseling psychology. Counseling Psychologist, 12, 43–55. Kolay Akfert, S. (2012). Ethical dilemmas experienced by psychological counselors working at different institutions and their attitudes and behaviors as response to these dilemmas. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(3), 1791-1812. Korkut, F. (2007). Counselor education, program accreditation, and counselor credentialing in Turkey. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 29, 11–20. Korkut-Owen, F., & Yerin Güneri, O. (2013). Counseling in Turkey. In T.H. Hohenshil, N.E. Amundson and S.E. Niles (Eds), Counseling around the world: An international handbook (pp. 293-302). Alexandria: ACA Publication. Korkut, Y., Müderrisoğlu, S., & Tanık, M. (2006). Ethical violations observed in the field of clinical psychology and the ways in which these violations are typically handled. Turkish Psychological Articles, 9, 49-61. Luke, M., Goodrich, K. M., & Gilbride, D. D. (2013). Intercultural model of ethical decision making: Address worldview dilemmas in school counseling. Counseling and Values, 58, 177–194. doi:10.1002/j.2161-007X.2013.00032.x Ministry of National Education. (2017, November). Rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetleri yönetmeliği [Counseling and guidance services regulation]. T.C. Resmi Gazete, 30236. Ministry of National Education. (2014). İlköğretim kurumları yönetmeliği [Regulations for Pre-School Education and Primary School Institutions]. T.C. Resmi Gazete, 29072. Ministry of National Education. (2017). Ortaöğretim kurumları yönetmeliği [Regulations for Secondary School Institutions]. T.C. Resmi Gazete, 30182. Moyer, M. S., & Sullivan, J. R. (2008). Student risk-taking behaviors: When do school counselors break confidentiality? Professional School Counseling, 11, 236-245. Nazlı, S. (2005). Kapsamlı gelişimsel rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma programları [Comprehensive developmental guidance and counseling programs] (2nd Ed.). Ankara: Anı. Pişkin, M. (2006). Türkiye’de Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Hizmetlerinin Dünü, Bugünü ve Yarını. [Counseling Services in Turkey: Past, Present, and Future] In M. Hesapçıoğlu, and A. Durmuş (ed.) Türkiye’de eğitim bilimleri: Bir bilonço denemesi, Ankara: Nobel. Remley, T., & Herlihy, B. (2007). Ethical, legal, and professional issues in counseling. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill-Prentice Hall. Siviş-Çetinkaya, R. (2015a). Ethical judgements of counselors: Results from a Turkish sample. Ethics & Behavior. 00(00), 1–18. doi:10.1080/10508422.2014.941981 Siviş-Çetinkaya, R. (2015b). Ethical dilemmas of Turkish counsellors: A critical incidents study, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 43(4), 476–491, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2014.987726 Siviş-Çetinkaya, R., & Karaırmak, Ö. (2012). Psikolojik Danışman Eğitiminde Süpervizyon [Supervision in counselor education]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(37), 107-121. Stockton, R., & Yerin Güneri, O. (2011). Counseling in Turkey: An evolving field. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89, 98–104. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00065 Stone, C. B. (2009). School counseling principles: Ethics and law (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: American School Counselor Association. Stone, C. B., & Zirkel, P. A. (2010). School counselor advocacy: When law and ethics may collide. Professional School Counseling, 13(4), 244-247. Terzian, M. A., Andrews, K. M., & Moore, K. A. (2011). Preventing Multiple Risky Behaviors: An Updated Framework for Policy and Practice. Washington DC: Child Trends. Retrieved from http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Child_Trends-2011_10_01_RB_RiskyBehaviors.pdf Turkish Council of Higher Education. (2007). Eğitim Fakültelerinde uygulanacak programlar [Curricular programs for education faculties]. Retrieved from http://yok.gov.tr Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association (2011). Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında çalışanlar için etik kurallar [Ethical standards for counselors]. Ankara. Retrieved from http://pdr.org.tr/userfiles/file/etik.pdf Tuzgöl-Dost, M. & Keklik, İ. (2012). Professional issues in counseling as perceived by individuals working in counseling settings, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Journal of Education Faculty, 23, 389 – 407. Vocational Qualifications Authority (2017). Ulusal meslek standardı. Okul psikolojik danışmanı. Seviye 7. [National occupation standard. School Counselor. Level 7]. T.C. Resmi Gazete, 17UMS0625-7. Voltan-Acar, N. (1985). Danışma psikolojisiyle hukukun meslek kuralları açısından karşılaştırılması. Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(18). 60-62. Yam, F. C. (2017). The feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of the psychological counselors in the face of ethical dilemmas and the obstacles for solutions: A qualitative study. Journal of International Social Research, 10(48), 465-477. Yerin-Güneri, O., Büyükgöze-Kavas, A., & Koydemir, S. (2007). Okul psikolojik danışmanlarının profesyonel gelişimi: Acemilikten olgunlaşmaya giden zorlu yol [Professional development of Turkish school counselors: The tough road from novice to expert]. In D. Owen, F. Korkut-Owen, & R. Özyürek (Eds.), Gelişen psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik: Meslekleşme sürecindeki ilerlemeler (pp. 139–162). Ankara: Nobel.
Riskli Davranışlara Yönelik Etik Karar Verme: Okul Psikolojik Danışmanları için Bir Model Önerisi
Öz
Türkiye’de okul psikolojik
danışmanlarının karşılaştıkları etik ikilem içeren zor vakaları ele almada
güçlük yaşadıklarını gösteren araştırmalara rağmen, üzerinde karar kılınmış bir
etik karar verme modelinin olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, okul psikolojik
danışmanları için riskli öğrenci davranışlarına yönelik eğitim sistemi ve mevcut yasal
düzenlemelerle uyumlu kültüre-özgü bir etik karar verme modeli sunmaktadır. Bu
kavramsal model, okullarda karşılaşılan etik sorunlara ilişkin mevcut durum göz
önünde bulundurularak, TPCGA, ASCA, ve ACA tarafından oluşturulan etik
standartlara dayanarak geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, ayrıca modelin kullanımına
yönelik bir vaka örneği sunulmuş, politika, araştırma ve uygulamaya yönelik
önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Etik karar verme etik ikilem riskli davranışlar okul psikolojik danışmanlığı.
Kaynakça
- American Counseling Association (ACA) (2014). Code of ethics. Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/resources/aca-code-of-ethics.pdf American School Counselor Association (ASCA). (2016). Ethical standards for school counselors. Retrieved from www.schoolcounselor.org Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2001). Principles of biomedical ethics (5th ed). New York: Oxford University. Bodenhorn, N. (2006). Exploratory study of common and challenging ethical dilemmas experienced by professional school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 10(2), 195-202. Bond, T. (2016). Psikolojik danışma uygulamasında etik ve standartlar (B. Yeşilyaprak Edt.) [Standards and ethics for counselling in action]. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. Brunner, R., Parzer, P., Haffner, J., Steen, R., Roos, J., Klett, M., & Resch, F. (2007). Prevalence and psychological correlates of occasional and repetitive deliberate self-harm in adolescents. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, 161, 641–649. Child Protection Law, Number 5395, published in the official news in 15th May, 2015, Issue 25876, Item 3. Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. (2016). 2016 CACREP standards. Retrieved from http://www.cacrep.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/2016-CACREP-Standards.pdf Corey, G., Corey, M. S., & Callanan, P. (2011). Issues and ethics in the helping professions (8th ed.). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co. Culbreth, C. R., & Korkut, F. (2006). A comparison of school counselor training programs between Turkey and the United States of America. ERIC Database, ED495202. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED495202.pdf Doğan, S. (1998). Counseling in Turkey: Current status and future challenges. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 6, 1–12. Doğan, S. (2000a). Psikolojik danışman eğitiminde akreditasyonun gereği ve bir model önerisi [Necessity of an accreditation in counselor education programs and a proposed model]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2, 31–38. Doğan, S. (2000b). The historical development of counseling in Turkey. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 22, 57–67. Erdur-Barker, Ö., & Çetinkaya, E. (2007). Etik: Davranışta kırılma noktası [Ethics: Breaking point in behavior]. In R. Özyürek, F. K. Owen ve D. W. Owen (Ed.), Gelişen psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik: Meslekleşme sürecindeki ilerlemeler (pp. 163-182). Ankara: Nobel. Ergene, T. (2004). Ethical dilemmas in psychological counseling. Ethical decision making processes. Euroasian Journal of Educational Research, 4(15), 49-55. Erkan, S., Güven, M., Kılıç, S,., Erdoğan Altay, F., Çetin, H., Gülebağlan, C., . . . Toraman, Ç. (2006). İlköğretim ve ortaöğretim kurumları sınıf rehberlik programı [Classroom guidance programs for elementary and secondary schools]. Retrieved from http://orgm.meb.gov.tr/arsiv/Rehberlik_Programi.pdf Forester-Miller, H., & Davis, T. (1996). A practitioner’s guide to ethical decision making. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association. Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/practitioners_guide.pdf?sfvrsn=2 Garcia, J. G., Winston, S. M., Borzuchowskz, B., & McGuire-Kuletz, M. (2004). Evaluating the integrative model of ethical decision-making. Rehabilitation Education, 18, 147-167. Gladding, S. (2009). Counseling: A comprehensive profession, (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson. Glosoff, H. L., & Pate, R. H. (2002). Privacy and confidentiality in school counseling. Professional School Counseling, 6(1), 20-28. Gümüş, A. E., & Gümüş, M. A. (2008). The legal responsibility of the counselor on the basis of counseling contract. Ankara University, Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 41(1), 275-297. Gümüş, A. E., & Gümüş, M. A. (2009). Bilgilendirilmiş onay: Psikolojik danışma sürecinin yasal ve etik yükümlülüğü [Informant consent: Ethical and legal liabilities in counseling process]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(31), 69-79. Gümüş, A. E., & Gümüş, M. A. (2010). Psikolojik danışmada etik ve hukuk [Ethics and law in counseling]. İstanbul: Vedat Kitapçılık. Gysbers, N. C., & Henderson, P. (2001). Comprehensive guidance and counseling programs: A rich history and a bright future. Professional School Counseling, 4(4), 246–256. Hamamcı, Z., Murat, M., & Esen-Çoban, A. (2004). Gaziantep’teki okullarda çalışan psikolojik danışmanların mesleki sorunlarının incelenmesi [Examination of the problems of school counselors in Gaziantep]. XIII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı, 6-9 Temmuz 2004 İnönü Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Malatya. Hansen, N. D., & Goldberg, S. G. (1999). Navigating the nuances: A matrix for consideration of ethical-legal dilemmas. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 30, 495-503. Huey, W. C., & Remley, T. P., Jr. (1988). Ethical and legal issues in school counseling. Alexandria, VA: American School Counselor Association. Isaacs, M. L., & Stone, C. (1999). School counselors and confidentiality: Factors affecting professional choices. Professional School Counseling, 2(4), 258-266. Iyer, N. N., & Baxter-MacGregor, J. (2010), Ethical dilemmas for the school counselor: Balancing student confidentiality and parents’ right to know. NERA Conference Proceedings 2010. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/ İkiz, F. E., Mete Otlu, B., & Arslan, Ü. (2017). Trainee psychological counselors’ understanding of ethics. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 6(2), 10-17. Kitchener, K. S. (1984). Intuition, critical evaluation and ethical principles: The foundation for ethical decisions in counseling psychology. Counseling Psychologist, 12, 43–55. Kolay Akfert, S. (2012). Ethical dilemmas experienced by psychological counselors working at different institutions and their attitudes and behaviors as response to these dilemmas. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(3), 1791-1812. Korkut, F. (2007). Counselor education, program accreditation, and counselor credentialing in Turkey. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 29, 11–20. Korkut-Owen, F., & Yerin Güneri, O. (2013). Counseling in Turkey. In T.H. Hohenshil, N.E. Amundson and S.E. Niles (Eds), Counseling around the world: An international handbook (pp. 293-302). Alexandria: ACA Publication. Korkut, Y., Müderrisoğlu, S., & Tanık, M. (2006). Ethical violations observed in the field of clinical psychology and the ways in which these violations are typically handled. Turkish Psychological Articles, 9, 49-61. Luke, M., Goodrich, K. M., & Gilbride, D. D. (2013). Intercultural model of ethical decision making: Address worldview dilemmas in school counseling. Counseling and Values, 58, 177–194. doi:10.1002/j.2161-007X.2013.00032.x Ministry of National Education. (2017, November). Rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetleri yönetmeliği [Counseling and guidance services regulation]. T.C. Resmi Gazete, 30236. Ministry of National Education. (2014). İlköğretim kurumları yönetmeliği [Regulations for Pre-School Education and Primary School Institutions]. T.C. Resmi Gazete, 29072. Ministry of National Education. (2017). Ortaöğretim kurumları yönetmeliği [Regulations for Secondary School Institutions]. T.C. Resmi Gazete, 30182. Moyer, M. S., & Sullivan, J. R. (2008). Student risk-taking behaviors: When do school counselors break confidentiality? Professional School Counseling, 11, 236-245. Nazlı, S. (2005). Kapsamlı gelişimsel rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma programları [Comprehensive developmental guidance and counseling programs] (2nd Ed.). Ankara: Anı. Pişkin, M. (2006). Türkiye’de Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Hizmetlerinin Dünü, Bugünü ve Yarını. [Counseling Services in Turkey: Past, Present, and Future] In M. Hesapçıoğlu, and A. Durmuş (ed.) Türkiye’de eğitim bilimleri: Bir bilonço denemesi, Ankara: Nobel. Remley, T., & Herlihy, B. (2007). Ethical, legal, and professional issues in counseling. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill-Prentice Hall. Siviş-Çetinkaya, R. (2015a). Ethical judgements of counselors: Results from a Turkish sample. Ethics & Behavior. 00(00), 1–18. doi:10.1080/10508422.2014.941981 Siviş-Çetinkaya, R. (2015b). Ethical dilemmas of Turkish counsellors: A critical incidents study, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 43(4), 476–491, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2014.987726 Siviş-Çetinkaya, R., & Karaırmak, Ö. (2012). Psikolojik Danışman Eğitiminde Süpervizyon [Supervision in counselor education]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(37), 107-121. Stockton, R., & Yerin Güneri, O. (2011). Counseling in Turkey: An evolving field. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89, 98–104. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00065 Stone, C. B. (2009). School counseling principles: Ethics and law (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: American School Counselor Association. Stone, C. B., & Zirkel, P. A. (2010). School counselor advocacy: When law and ethics may collide. Professional School Counseling, 13(4), 244-247. Terzian, M. A., Andrews, K. M., & Moore, K. A. (2011). Preventing Multiple Risky Behaviors: An Updated Framework for Policy and Practice. Washington DC: Child Trends. Retrieved from http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Child_Trends-2011_10_01_RB_RiskyBehaviors.pdf Turkish Council of Higher Education. (2007). Eğitim Fakültelerinde uygulanacak programlar [Curricular programs for education faculties]. Retrieved from http://yok.gov.tr Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association (2011). Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında çalışanlar için etik kurallar [Ethical standards for counselors]. Ankara. Retrieved from http://pdr.org.tr/userfiles/file/etik.pdf Tuzgöl-Dost, M. & Keklik, İ. (2012). Professional issues in counseling as perceived by individuals working in counseling settings, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Journal of Education Faculty, 23, 389 – 407. Vocational Qualifications Authority (2017). Ulusal meslek standardı. Okul psikolojik danışmanı. Seviye 7. [National occupation standard. School Counselor. Level 7]. T.C. Resmi Gazete, 17UMS0625-7. Voltan-Acar, N. (1985). Danışma psikolojisiyle hukukun meslek kuralları açısından karşılaştırılması. Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(18). 60-62. Yam, F. C. (2017). The feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of the psychological counselors in the face of ethical dilemmas and the obstacles for solutions: A qualitative study. Journal of International Social Research, 10(48), 465-477. Yerin-Güneri, O., Büyükgöze-Kavas, A., & Koydemir, S. (2007). Okul psikolojik danışmanlarının profesyonel gelişimi: Acemilikten olgunlaşmaya giden zorlu yol [Professional development of Turkish school counselors: The tough road from novice to expert]. In D. Owen, F. Korkut-Owen, & R. Özyürek (Eds.), Gelişen psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik: Meslekleşme sürecindeki ilerlemeler (pp. 139–162). Ankara: Nobel.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.