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THE POSITION OF EURASIA IN THE CURRENT WORLD ORDER: AN EMERGING HISTORICAL BLOC

Yıl 2016, Afro-Avrasya Özel Sayısı, 254 - 270, 26.12.2016

Öz

The
aim of this paper is to evaluate the potentials of Eurasia in becoming a
historical bloc within the current world order. 
The theoretical framework of this paper is based on Robert Cox’s
Critical Theory, which claims that a change in World order may occur through
the “war of position” between counter historical blocs. Eurasia with its many
emerging economies and vast energy supplies is one of the most dynamic regions
of the World. Moreover, besides improving intra-regional relations, Eurasia
also endorses a multipolar and pluralist World order. While direct instruments
of this endorsement are organizations like Shanghai Cooperation Organization
and Eurasian Development Bank; indirect instruments are organizations like
BRICS and New Development Bank. In the light of Critical Theory, international
and inter-regional organizations play a crucial role in constituting historical
blocs. Therefore, this regional dynamism in Eurasia deserves a close analysis.



This
paper pursues a holistic approach. For this reason, after introducing main
characteristics of current world order within the light of the abovementioned
theory, in this paper, I am aiming to focus on relational and institutional
perspectives, rather than to evaluate Eurasian countries individually,

Kaynakça

  • About the Bank. Official Web Site of Eurasian Development Bank, http://www.eabr.org/e/about/, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Agreement on the New Development Bank. (15 July 2014), Official Web Page of New Development Bank BRICS, http://ndbbrics.org/agreement.html, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Alcenat, W. and Scott. (2008). Revisiting the Pivot: The Influence of Heartland Theory in Great Power Politics, https://www.creighton.edu/fileadmin/user/CCAS/departments/PoliticalScience/MVJ/docs/The_Pivot_-_Alcenat_and_Scott.pdf (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Ambrosio, T. (2009) Authoritarian Backlash Russian Resistance to Democratization in the Former Soviet Union, Ashgate Publishing, 2009.
  • Amin, S. (2000) Capitalism in the Age of Globalization. NewYork: Zed Books.
  • Amin, S. (2011) Global History: A View from the South. Pambazuka Press, 2011.
  • Arı, T. (2010), Orta Asya’da Siyasal Toplumsal ve Ekonomik Yapılar, Güvenlik Sorunları ve İşbirliği Girişimleri. in Tayyar Arı (ed.), Orta Asya ve Kafkasya “Rekabetten İşbirliğine”, Bursa: Marmara Kitap Merkezi.
  • Arı, T. and Pirinççi F. (2010)11 Eylülün Gölgesinde Orta Asya’ya Yönelik Amerikan Politikası. in Tayyar Arı (ed.) Orta Asya ve Kafkasya “Rekabetten İşbirliğine”, Bursa: Marmara Kitap Merkezi, pp.295-325.
  • Arrighi, G. (2007) Adam Smith in Beijing Lineages of the Twenty First Century, New York: Verso.
  • Asia 2050 Realizing the Asian Century Executive Summary (August 2011), Asian Development Bank, https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/28608/asia2050-executive-summary.pdf, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Atal, S. (2003) Central Asian Geopolitics and U.S. Policy in the Region: The Post 11 September Era. Mediterranean Quarterly, Vol. 14, No.2, pp.95-109.
  • BP Statistical Review of World Energy (June 2016). bp.com/statisticalreviw, https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review-2016/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2016-full-report.pdf, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Boratav, K. Dünyadan Türkiye’ye, İktisattan Siyasete. İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Cantori, L. J. and Spiegel S. L. (1969) International Regions: A Comparative Approach to Five Subordinate Systems. International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 4, Special Issue on International Subsystems, pp. 361-380.
  • Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice (1945). https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Cox, R.W. (1986) Social Forces, State and World Orders: Beyond İnternational Relations Theory. in Robert O. Keohane (ed.) NeoRealism and Its Critics, Cambridge: Columbia University Press.
  • Cox, R.W. (1993a) Structural Issues of Global Governance: Implications for Europe. in Stephan Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
  • Cox, R.W. (1993b) Gramsci, Hegemony and International Relations: An Essay in Method. in Stephan Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cox, R.W. with Sinclair, T.J. (1996) Approaches to World Order, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cox, R.W. (2007) The International in ‘Evolution’ Millenium: Journal of International Relations, Vol. 35, No. 3. September, pp. 513-527.
  • Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (2001). http://www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/regional organisations/sco,%202001,%20establishing%20declaration.pdf, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Declaration of the Heads of State of the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Building a Region of Lasting Peace and Common Prosperity (2012). http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/t939149.shtml, (Accessed: September 13, 2016).
  • Dugin, A. (2007) Moskova-Ankara Ekseni ''Avrasya Hareketi''nin Temel Görüşleri. İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları.
  • Edwards, M. (2003) The New Great Game and the new great gamer: disciples of Kipling and Mackinder. Central Asian Survey, Vol.22, No.1, pp.83-102.
  • Efegil, E. (2010) Orta Asya Devletlerinin Dış Politikasını Belirleyen Temel Faktörler: rejim Güvenliğine KArşı Yayılmacı Jeopolitik Rekabet. Tayyar Arı (ed.), Orta Asya ve Kafkasya “Rekabetten İşbirliğine”, Bursa: Marmara Kitap Merkezi, pp.41-67.
  • Eurasian Economic Integration: Facts and Figures (2013). Eurasian Commission, http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/Documents/broshura26Body_ENGL_final2013_2.pdf
  • Eurasian Economic Union Timeline. Official Web Page of Eurasian Economic Union, http://www.eaeunion.org/?lang=en#about-history, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Fontana, B. (2013) Hegemonya ve İktidar Gramsci ve Machiavelli Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine, İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınları.
  • Forgacs. D. (2010) Gramsci Kitabı Seçme Yazılar 1916-1935, İbrahim Yıldız (trans.), Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları. Fukuyama, F. (1992) The End of History and Last Man. New York: The Free Press.
  • “Full Text of Sanya Declaration of the BRICS Leaders Meeting (14 April 2011). Xinhuanet, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-04/14/c_13829453.htm, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Gill, S. (2003) Power and Resistance in the New World Order. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gill, S. and Law, D. (1993) Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital. in Stephan Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gill S. (2012) Towards a Radical Concept of Praxis: Imperial ‘common sense’ Versus the Post-modern Prince. Millenium: Journal of International Studies, Vol.40, No.2, pp 505-524.
  • Gilpin, R.(1987) The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton:Princeton University Press. Gleason, A. (2010) Eurasia: What is it? Is it?. Journal of Eurasia Studies. Vol.1, pp.26-32.
  • Gramsci, A.(2016) Modern Prens. Milena Ayseli (trans.), İstanbul: Siyah Beyaz Kitap.
  • Gray, C. S. ve Sloan, G. (2003) Jeopolitik Strateji ve Coğrafya. Tuğrul Karabacak (trans.), Ankara: ASAM.
  • Hobsbawm, E. (2008) Kısa Yirminci Yüzyıl 1914-1991 Aşırılıklar Çağı. Yavuz Alogan (trans.), 4th ed., İstanbul: Everest Yayınları.
  • Huntington, S. P. (1997). Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: TouchStone.
  • Kireççi M. A. (2011), Türk CUmhuriyetlerinin Bağımsızlıklarının 20. Yılında Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinin Orta Asya Politikaları. Rapor, Ankara: Yayın No. 3.
  • Kindleberger, C. (1973). The World in Depression: 1929-1939. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Keohane, R. O. (1984) After Hegemony, Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Lane, D. (2009) ‘Coloured Revolution’ as a Political Phenomenon. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Vol. 25 Nos. 2-3, June September, pp. 113-135.
  • Lewis, D. (2008). Resources and Rivalry in the ‘Stans, World Policy Journal, Vol. 25, No.3, Fall, pp.125-135.
  • Mackinder, J. H. (1962). The Geographical Pivot of History in Democratic Ideals and Reality. New York: Norton and Company.
  • Morton, A.D. (2007) A Return to Gramsci. in Morton, A.D. (ed), Unravelling Gramsci: Hegemony and Passive Revolution in the Global Political Economy, London: Pluto.
  • Nichol, J. (2014). “Regional Developments and Implications for US. Interests”, Congressional Research Service. Nye, J. (1968) International Regionalism. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
  • Rebuilding American Defenses: Strategy Forces and Resources for a New Century (2000), A Report of the Project of the New American Century,http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/pdf/RebuildingAmericasDefenses.pdf, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Russet. B. M.(1967), International Regions and the International System: A Study in Political Ecology. Chicago: Rand McNally.
  • Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). GlobalSecurity.org, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/int/sco.htm, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Shangai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Charter. China Daily, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-06/12/content_6020341.htm, (Accessed: September 13, 2016).
  • Silver, B.J. and Slater, E. (1999) The Social Origins of World Hegemonies. in Giovanni Arrighi, Beverly J. Silver, Ahmad Iftakhar etc, Chaos and Governance in the Modern World System, Minneopolis: University of Misnesota.
  • Song, W. (2016), China’s Approach to Central Organization Shangai Cooperation Organization, New York: Routledge.
  • Spykman, N. (2008) America’s Strategy in World Politics: The United States and Balance of Power With a New Introduction by Francis P. Sempa. NewJersey: Transaction Publishers, Rutgers.
  • Starr, F. (1996) Making Eurasia Stable. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 80-92.
  • Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union. United Nations Treaty Collections, http://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/70/docs/treaty_on_eeu.pdf (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Turner, S. (2009) “Russia, China and a Multi Polar World: The Danger in the Non-Defined”, Asian Perspective, Vol. 31, No.1, pp.159-184.
  • Wallerstein, I. (2007) Precipitate Decline: Advent of Multipolarity. Harvard International Review, Spring http://iwallerstein.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/HARVIR7!.PDF, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Weitz, R. (2006) Averting a New Great Game in Central Asia. The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 29, No.3, pp.155-167. What is ALBA. ALBA Info, https://albainfo.org/, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).

MEVCUT DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE AVRASYANIN KONUMU: BELİREN TARİHSEL BLOK

Yıl 2016, Afro-Avrasya Özel Sayısı, 254 - 270, 26.12.2016

Öz

Bu
çalışmada Avrasya’nın bir tarihsel blok oluşturmak yönündeki potansiyeli
incelenmektedir. Bu inceleme, Robert Cox’un kurucularından olduğu ve dünya
düzeninde değişimin “mevzi savaşı” aracılığıyla gerçekleşeceğini belirten
Eleştirel Uluslararası İlişkilier Kuramı’na dayanarak yapılmıştır. Yükselen
ekonomileri ve sahip olduğu enerji kaynaklarıyla dünyanın en dinamik
bölgelerinden olan Avrasya, bölgesel ilişkilerini geliştirmenin yanısıra, çok
kutuplu ve pluralist bir dünya düzenini destekler bir tutum içerisindedir.
Benimsenen kuramsal çerçevede açısından uluslararası kurumlar tarihsel blok
oluşumu açısından hayati önemde olduğundan Avrasya’nın tarihsel blok oluşumu
tartışması  kapsamında Şangay İşbirliği
Örgütü ve Avrasya Kalkınma Bankası gibi kurumlar özellikle ele alınmış, BRICS
ve Yeni Kalkınma Bankası gibi uluslararası kurumlar ise potansiyel ve mevcut
işbirlikleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Belirtilen konu, temel alınan
kuramsal çerçevede bütünsel bir yaklaşımla incelenmiş, mevcut dünya düzeni
içerisinde Avrasya devletleri birbirinden bağımsız olarak değil, kurumsal
ilişkileri açısından ele alınmıştır. 

Kaynakça

  • About the Bank. Official Web Site of Eurasian Development Bank, http://www.eabr.org/e/about/, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Agreement on the New Development Bank. (15 July 2014), Official Web Page of New Development Bank BRICS, http://ndbbrics.org/agreement.html, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Alcenat, W. and Scott. (2008). Revisiting the Pivot: The Influence of Heartland Theory in Great Power Politics, https://www.creighton.edu/fileadmin/user/CCAS/departments/PoliticalScience/MVJ/docs/The_Pivot_-_Alcenat_and_Scott.pdf (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Ambrosio, T. (2009) Authoritarian Backlash Russian Resistance to Democratization in the Former Soviet Union, Ashgate Publishing, 2009.
  • Amin, S. (2000) Capitalism in the Age of Globalization. NewYork: Zed Books.
  • Amin, S. (2011) Global History: A View from the South. Pambazuka Press, 2011.
  • Arı, T. (2010), Orta Asya’da Siyasal Toplumsal ve Ekonomik Yapılar, Güvenlik Sorunları ve İşbirliği Girişimleri. in Tayyar Arı (ed.), Orta Asya ve Kafkasya “Rekabetten İşbirliğine”, Bursa: Marmara Kitap Merkezi.
  • Arı, T. and Pirinççi F. (2010)11 Eylülün Gölgesinde Orta Asya’ya Yönelik Amerikan Politikası. in Tayyar Arı (ed.) Orta Asya ve Kafkasya “Rekabetten İşbirliğine”, Bursa: Marmara Kitap Merkezi, pp.295-325.
  • Arrighi, G. (2007) Adam Smith in Beijing Lineages of the Twenty First Century, New York: Verso.
  • Asia 2050 Realizing the Asian Century Executive Summary (August 2011), Asian Development Bank, https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/28608/asia2050-executive-summary.pdf, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Atal, S. (2003) Central Asian Geopolitics and U.S. Policy in the Region: The Post 11 September Era. Mediterranean Quarterly, Vol. 14, No.2, pp.95-109.
  • BP Statistical Review of World Energy (June 2016). bp.com/statisticalreviw, https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review-2016/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2016-full-report.pdf, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Boratav, K. Dünyadan Türkiye’ye, İktisattan Siyasete. İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Cantori, L. J. and Spiegel S. L. (1969) International Regions: A Comparative Approach to Five Subordinate Systems. International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 4, Special Issue on International Subsystems, pp. 361-380.
  • Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice (1945). https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Cox, R.W. (1986) Social Forces, State and World Orders: Beyond İnternational Relations Theory. in Robert O. Keohane (ed.) NeoRealism and Its Critics, Cambridge: Columbia University Press.
  • Cox, R.W. (1993a) Structural Issues of Global Governance: Implications for Europe. in Stephan Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
  • Cox, R.W. (1993b) Gramsci, Hegemony and International Relations: An Essay in Method. in Stephan Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cox, R.W. with Sinclair, T.J. (1996) Approaches to World Order, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cox, R.W. (2007) The International in ‘Evolution’ Millenium: Journal of International Relations, Vol. 35, No. 3. September, pp. 513-527.
  • Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (2001). http://www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/regional organisations/sco,%202001,%20establishing%20declaration.pdf, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Declaration of the Heads of State of the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Building a Region of Lasting Peace and Common Prosperity (2012). http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/t939149.shtml, (Accessed: September 13, 2016).
  • Dugin, A. (2007) Moskova-Ankara Ekseni ''Avrasya Hareketi''nin Temel Görüşleri. İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları.
  • Edwards, M. (2003) The New Great Game and the new great gamer: disciples of Kipling and Mackinder. Central Asian Survey, Vol.22, No.1, pp.83-102.
  • Efegil, E. (2010) Orta Asya Devletlerinin Dış Politikasını Belirleyen Temel Faktörler: rejim Güvenliğine KArşı Yayılmacı Jeopolitik Rekabet. Tayyar Arı (ed.), Orta Asya ve Kafkasya “Rekabetten İşbirliğine”, Bursa: Marmara Kitap Merkezi, pp.41-67.
  • Eurasian Economic Integration: Facts and Figures (2013). Eurasian Commission, http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/Documents/broshura26Body_ENGL_final2013_2.pdf
  • Eurasian Economic Union Timeline. Official Web Page of Eurasian Economic Union, http://www.eaeunion.org/?lang=en#about-history, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Fontana, B. (2013) Hegemonya ve İktidar Gramsci ve Machiavelli Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine, İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınları.
  • Forgacs. D. (2010) Gramsci Kitabı Seçme Yazılar 1916-1935, İbrahim Yıldız (trans.), Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları. Fukuyama, F. (1992) The End of History and Last Man. New York: The Free Press.
  • “Full Text of Sanya Declaration of the BRICS Leaders Meeting (14 April 2011). Xinhuanet, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-04/14/c_13829453.htm, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Gill, S. (2003) Power and Resistance in the New World Order. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gill, S. and Law, D. (1993) Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital. in Stephan Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gill S. (2012) Towards a Radical Concept of Praxis: Imperial ‘common sense’ Versus the Post-modern Prince. Millenium: Journal of International Studies, Vol.40, No.2, pp 505-524.
  • Gilpin, R.(1987) The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton:Princeton University Press. Gleason, A. (2010) Eurasia: What is it? Is it?. Journal of Eurasia Studies. Vol.1, pp.26-32.
  • Gramsci, A.(2016) Modern Prens. Milena Ayseli (trans.), İstanbul: Siyah Beyaz Kitap.
  • Gray, C. S. ve Sloan, G. (2003) Jeopolitik Strateji ve Coğrafya. Tuğrul Karabacak (trans.), Ankara: ASAM.
  • Hobsbawm, E. (2008) Kısa Yirminci Yüzyıl 1914-1991 Aşırılıklar Çağı. Yavuz Alogan (trans.), 4th ed., İstanbul: Everest Yayınları.
  • Huntington, S. P. (1997). Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: TouchStone.
  • Kireççi M. A. (2011), Türk CUmhuriyetlerinin Bağımsızlıklarının 20. Yılında Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinin Orta Asya Politikaları. Rapor, Ankara: Yayın No. 3.
  • Kindleberger, C. (1973). The World in Depression: 1929-1939. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Keohane, R. O. (1984) After Hegemony, Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Lane, D. (2009) ‘Coloured Revolution’ as a Political Phenomenon. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Vol. 25 Nos. 2-3, June September, pp. 113-135.
  • Lewis, D. (2008). Resources and Rivalry in the ‘Stans, World Policy Journal, Vol. 25, No.3, Fall, pp.125-135.
  • Mackinder, J. H. (1962). The Geographical Pivot of History in Democratic Ideals and Reality. New York: Norton and Company.
  • Morton, A.D. (2007) A Return to Gramsci. in Morton, A.D. (ed), Unravelling Gramsci: Hegemony and Passive Revolution in the Global Political Economy, London: Pluto.
  • Nichol, J. (2014). “Regional Developments and Implications for US. Interests”, Congressional Research Service. Nye, J. (1968) International Regionalism. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
  • Rebuilding American Defenses: Strategy Forces and Resources for a New Century (2000), A Report of the Project of the New American Century,http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/pdf/RebuildingAmericasDefenses.pdf, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Russet. B. M.(1967), International Regions and the International System: A Study in Political Ecology. Chicago: Rand McNally.
  • Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). GlobalSecurity.org, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/int/sco.htm, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Shangai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Charter. China Daily, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-06/12/content_6020341.htm, (Accessed: September 13, 2016).
  • Silver, B.J. and Slater, E. (1999) The Social Origins of World Hegemonies. in Giovanni Arrighi, Beverly J. Silver, Ahmad Iftakhar etc, Chaos and Governance in the Modern World System, Minneopolis: University of Misnesota.
  • Song, W. (2016), China’s Approach to Central Organization Shangai Cooperation Organization, New York: Routledge.
  • Spykman, N. (2008) America’s Strategy in World Politics: The United States and Balance of Power With a New Introduction by Francis P. Sempa. NewJersey: Transaction Publishers, Rutgers.
  • Starr, F. (1996) Making Eurasia Stable. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 80-92.
  • Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union. United Nations Treaty Collections, http://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/70/docs/treaty_on_eeu.pdf (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Turner, S. (2009) “Russia, China and a Multi Polar World: The Danger in the Non-Defined”, Asian Perspective, Vol. 31, No.1, pp.159-184.
  • Wallerstein, I. (2007) Precipitate Decline: Advent of Multipolarity. Harvard International Review, Spring http://iwallerstein.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/HARVIR7!.PDF, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
  • Weitz, R. (2006) Averting a New Great Game in Central Asia. The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 29, No.3, pp.155-167. What is ALBA. ALBA Info, https://albainfo.org/, (Accessed: September 9, 2016).
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hatice Hande Orhon Özdağ Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Afro-Avrasya Özel Sayısı

Kaynak Göster

APA Orhon Özdağ, H. H. (2016). MEVCUT DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE AVRASYANIN KONUMU: BELİREN TARİHSEL BLOK. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi254-270.
AMA Orhon Özdağ HH. MEVCUT DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE AVRASYANIN KONUMU: BELİREN TARİHSEL BLOK. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Published online 01 Aralık 2016:254-270.
Chicago Orhon Özdağ, Hatice Hande. “MEVCUT DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE AVRASYANIN KONUMU: BELİREN TARİHSEL BLOK”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Aralık (Aralık 2016), 254-70.
EndNote Orhon Özdağ HH (01 Aralık 2016) MEVCUT DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE AVRASYANIN KONUMU: BELİREN TARİHSEL BLOK. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 254–270.
IEEE H. H. Orhon Özdağ, “MEVCUT DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE AVRASYANIN KONUMU: BELİREN TARİHSEL BLOK”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, ss. 254–270, Aralık 2016.
ISNAD Orhon Özdağ, Hatice Hande. “MEVCUT DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE AVRASYANIN KONUMU: BELİREN TARİHSEL BLOK”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Aralık 2016. 254-270.
JAMA Orhon Özdağ HH. MEVCUT DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE AVRASYANIN KONUMU: BELİREN TARİHSEL BLOK. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2016;:254–270.
MLA Orhon Özdağ, Hatice Hande. “MEVCUT DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE AVRASYANIN KONUMU: BELİREN TARİHSEL BLOK”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2016, ss. 254-70.
Vancouver Orhon Özdağ HH. MEVCUT DÜNYA DÜZENİNDE AVRASYANIN KONUMU: BELİREN TARİHSEL BLOK. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2016:254-70.

Dergimiz EBSCOhost, ULAKBİM/Sosyal Bilimler Veri Tabanında, SOBİAD ve Türk Eğitim İndeksi'nde yer alan uluslararası hakemli bir dergidir.