Sigaranın Yara İyileşmesi Üzerine Zararlı Etkileri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 187 - 190, 19.10.2017

Ayşegül Baykan Halit Baykan

Öz

Sigaranın yara iyileşmesi ve flep yaşamı üzerine zararlı etkileri iyi bilinmektedir. Sigara bu zararlı etkilerini ihtiva ettiği nikotin, karbonmonoksit ve hidrojen siyanid üzerinden oluşturmaktadır. Sigara dumanında katran damlacıkları üzerinde taşınan nikotin, respiratuvar sistemden hızla emilir. Nikotin sakızı çiğneyenlerde oral mukozadan, çıplak elle uğraşanlar ve nikotin bantları kullananlarda deri yolu ile vücuda emilmektedir. Emilen nikotin hızla tüm vücuda dağılır. Akciğer, dalak, karaciğer ve beyinin nikotine olan afinitesi yüksektir. Yağ dokusunun afinitesi düşüktür. Tütün dumanında, insanlar ve hayvanlar için kanserojen olan 4000’den fazla kimyasal madde belirlenmiştir. Çevresel dumanda zararlı maddeler, içe çekilen dumana göre daha fazladır. Pasif olarak sigara dumanına maruz kalan kişiler, hem inhale-ekspire edilen dumana hem de sigaranın kendi kendine yanarken çıkan dumanına maruz kalırlar. Bu durum, pasif içiciliğin de insan sağlığı açısından oldukça önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Sigara kullanımına bağlı olarak, insan sağlığı önemli ölçüde bozulmaktadır. Başta akciğerler olmak üzere, oral, larinks ve özafagus kanseri ile direk ilişkili iken, böbrek ve mesane kanserleri, mide kanseri, serviks ve hematopoetik sistem kanserlerinde de etken olabilmektedir. Sigaranın sistemik etkilerine bağlı oluşabilecek postoperatif komplikasyonlar da göz önünde tutulmalıdır. Sigara içenlerde postoperatif pulmoner komplikasyon riski yaklaşık 6 kat artmıştır. Bu pulmoner komplikasyonların azaltılması için en az 6-8 haftalık sigarasız bir dönem gerektiği de bilinmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sigara, yara iyileşmesi

Hazardous Effects of Smoking on Wound Healing

Öz

The harmful effects of cigarette on wound healing and flap life are well known. Smoking is caused its harmful effects by nicotine, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide that contain. Nicotine carried on tar droplets in cigarette smoke, is rapidly absorbed from the respiratory system. Nicotine is absorbed into the body by the way of oral mucosa in chewing the nicotine gum; by the way of skin in bare handed people and the using nicotine bands. Emitted nicotine is rapidly dispersed throughout the body. The affinity of the lung, spleen, liver and brain for nicotine is high. Affinity of fatty tissue is low. More than 4,000 chemicals that are carcinogenic to humans and animals have been identified in tobacco smoke. Harmful substances in the environmental smoke are more toxic than inhaled smoke. People exposed to cigarette smoke passively, are exposed to both the booster-expiration smoke and the self-burning smoke of the cigarette. This shows that passive smoking is also very important for human health. Due to smoking, human health is deteriorating considerably. While it is directly related to oral, larynx and esophagus cancers, especially lungs, it can also be a cause of cancers of kidney and bladder, stomach cancer, cervix and hematopoietic system cancers. The postoperative complications that may occur due to the systemic effects of cigarette smoke should also be considered. The risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in smokers is increased about 6 times. It is also known that at least 6-8 weeks of smoking-free period is required to reduce these pulmonary complications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Smoking, wound healing

Kaynakça

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