TOPİKAL UYGULAMADA ZEYTİNYAĞININ ETKİNLİĞİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 159 - 168, 25.12.2018

Münevver Sönmez Ülkü Güneş Yapucu

Öz

Başlık:TOPİKAL
UYGULAMADA ZEYTİNYAĞININ ETKİNLİĞİ

Özet:Zeytin, neredeyse tüm
kutsal kitaplarda yer almış, binlerce yıldan beridir var olan, Akdeniz
ülkelerinin ve uygarlığının simgesi olmuş bir bitkidir. Zeytin ağacından
elde edilen en önemli ürün olan zeytinyağının yapısında bulunan bioaktif
bileşiklerin; vücut üzerinde antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, antienflamatuar ve antikarsinojenik
etkileri vardır. Özellikle topikal olarak uygulandığında meme
başındaki çatlakları önlediği, ağrıyı azalttığı, kronik cilt lezyonlarının belirtilerini
hafiflettiği, basınç yarası oluşumunu önlediği, ağız kuruluğunu ve transkutanöz
sıvı kaybını önleyerek deri hidrasyonunu sağladığı, antioksidan özelliği ile
deriyi patojen mikroorganizmalara karşı koruduğu ve yara iyileşmesinde olumlu
etkilerinin olduğu belirtilmiştir.

Anahtar kelimeler:   Zeytinyağı,
Topikal Uygulama, Biyolojik Aktivite

Destekleyen kurumlar:

Kaynakça:

Aguilar
Cordero MJ, Villar NM, Barrillao R &
et al. Application of Extra Virgin Olive
Oil to Prevent Nipple Cracking in Lactating Women. Worldviewon Evidence-Based
Nursing 2015; 12(6): 364-369.

Al-Waili NS,
Saloom KS, Al-Waili TN & et al. The Safety And
Efficacy of a Mixture of Honey, Olive Oil, And Beeswax for The Management of
Hemorrhoids And Anal Fissure: A Pilot Study. The Scientific World Journal 2006;
2(6):1998–2005.

Al-Waili NS. Topical Application of
Natural Honey, Beeswax And Olive Oil Mixture to Treat Patients With Atopic
Dermatitis or Psoriasis: Partially Controlled Single-Blinded Study. Complementary
Therapies in Medicine 2003; 11(4):
226-234.

Amiot MJ, Fleurıet A,
Macheıx JJ. Accumulation of Oleuropein Derivatives During Olive Maturation. Phytochemistry
1989; 28 (1): 67-69.

Armutçu F, Namuslu M, Yüksel R  & et al. Zeytinyağı
ve Sağlık: Biyoaktif Bileşenleri, Antioksidan Özellikleri ve Klinik Etkileri. Konuralp
Tıp Dergisi 2013; 5(1): 60-68.

Artajo LS, Romero
MP, Morelloä JR, & et al. Enrichment of Refined Olive Oil With
Phenolic Compounds: Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity and Their Effect on
The Bitter Index. Journal of Agricultural And Food Chemistry 2006; 54:
6079-6088.

Ateş
A, Erdogrul OT. Antimicrobial Activities of Various Medicinal And Commercials
Plant Extracts. Turkish Journal of Biology 2003; 27:157-162.

Babich
H, Visioli F. In Vitro Cytotoxicity to Human Cells İn Culture of Some Phenolics
From Olive Oil.  IL Farmaco 2003;58(5):403-407.

Baladura
E, Şimşek B. Doğal Antioksidanlar ve Süt ve Süt Ürünlerinde Kullanımı. Uludağ
Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2013; 27(2):155-162.

Bayraktar E. Zeytinyağı ile
Yapılan Perine Masajının Perine Bütünlüğü ve Doğum Eyleminin İkinci Evresinin
Süresine Etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık
Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2011. 1-25.

Blekas G,
Vassilakis C, Harizanis C & et al. Biophenols in Table Olives. Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry 2002; 50(13): 3688-3692.

Bozdoğan Konuşkan D, Altan A.
Zeytin ve Zeytinyağında Doğal Olarak Bulunan Bioaktif Bileşikler ve Biyolojik ve
Fizyolojik Etkileri. Gıda 2008; 33(6): 297-302.

Cano-Carrillo P, Pons-Fuster A, Lopez-Jornet
P. Efficacy of Lycopene-Enriched Virgin Olive Oil for Treating Burning Mouth
Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomised. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2014; 41:
296-305.

Cicerale S, Lucas LJ, Keast RS. Antimicrobial,
Antioxidant and Anti-İnflammatory Phenolic Activities in Extra Virgin Olive
Oil. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 2012; 23(2):129–135.

Covas MI, Ruiz-Gutierrez
V, De La Torre R & et al. Minor Components of Olive Oil:
Evidence to Date of Health Benefits in Humans. Nutrition Reviews 2006; 64(10):20-30.

Cömert M, Adıyaman
S, Durlu Özkaya F. Yerel Halkın Zeytinyağı ile Ilgili Bilgi Düzeyinin
Belirlenmesi. Zeytin Bilimi 2012; 3(1): 1-9.

Çakir
Gungor AN, Oguz S, Vurur G & et al. Comparison of Olive Oil and Lanolin in
The Prevention of Sore Nipples in Nursing Mothers. Breastfeeding Medicine 2013;
8(3):334-335.

Çullu R. Emziren Annelerde
Meme Problemlerinin Önlenmesinde Zeytinyağı İle Hidrojel Ped Uygulamasının
Karşılaştırılması. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara:
Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2008. 10-30 

Danby SG, Alenezi T, Sultan A & et
al. Effect of Olive and Sunflower Seed Oil on The Adult Skin Barrier:
Implications For Neonatal Skin Care. Pediatric Dermatology 2013; 30 ( 1):
42-50.

Darmstadt GL,
Mao-Qiang M, Chi E & et al. İmpact of Topical Oils on The Skin
Barrier: Possible Implications For Neonatal Health In Developing Countries. Acta
Paediatrica 2002; 91(5): 546-554. 

Donato-Trancoso
A, Monte-Alto-Costa A, Romana-Souza B. Olive Oil-Induced Reduction Of Oxidative
Damage And Inflammation Promotes Wound Healing Of Pressure Ulcers In Mice. Journal
of Dermatological Science 2016; 83: 60-69.

El Saka A, Abdulrhman M, Shehata IH. Comparison
Between Topical Application of Honey, Bees Wax And Olive Oil Propolis Extract
And Nystatin For Treatment of Diaper Dermatitis İn Infants. International
Journal of Paediatrics And Child Health 2013;1(4): 39-42.

Erenel ŞA, Vural G, Efe YŞ & et al. Comprasion Of Olive Oil And Dry-Clean
Keeping Methods İn Umblical Cord Care As Microbiological. Maternaland Child
Health Journal 2010;14:
999-1004.

Granados-Principal
S, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa CL & et al. Hydroxytyrosol: From Laboratory
Investigations to Future Clinical Trials. Nutrition Reviews 2010; 68(4):191-206.

Hasson
RN. Antibacterial Activity of Water and Alcoholic Crude Extract of Flower
Achillea Millefolium. Rafidain Journal of Science 2011; 22(3):11- 20.

Kaşıkırık
M, Seven Ü, Güçer Ş. Zeytinyağındaki Antioksidanlar Ve Önemi. 1. Ulusal Zeytin
Öğrenci Kongresi, Edremit,
Balıkesir, 2008199-202.

Kaplan M, 
Arıhan K. Antik Çağdan Günümüze Bir Şifa Kaynağı: Zeytin Ve
Zeytinyağının Halk Tıbbında Kullanımı. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya
Fakültesi Dergisi 2012; 52(2): 41-56.

Kırbağ
S., Zengin F, Kürsat M. Antımıcrobıal Actıvıtıes of Extracts of Some Plants.  Pakistan Journal of Botany 2009; 41(4): 2067-2070.

Kırbağ
S, Zengin F. Elazığ Yöresindeki Bazı Tıbbi Bitkilerin Antimikrobiyal
Aktiviteleri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi
2006; 16(2): 77-80.

Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
U, Berger C, Inzinger R.The Effect Of Daily Treatment with an Olive Oil/
Lanolin Emollient on Skin Integrity in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled
Trial. Pediatric Dermatology 2008; 25(2):174–178.

Kirlek F, Akdolun Balkaya N. Erken Pospartum Dönemde Meme Başı
Ağrısı ve Çatlaklarının Önlenmesinde Anne Sütü ve Zeytinyağının Etkisi. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2013; 15(2):
17-34.

Kubo, A., Lunde, C.S., Kubo, I., 1995. Antimicrobial
Activity Of The Olive Oil Şavor Compounds. Journal Of Agricultural And Food
Chemistry 43(6): 1629–1633.

Kumar B, Vijayakumar M, Govindarajan R &
et al. Ethnopharmacological
Approaches to Wound Healing: Exploring Medicinal Plants of India. Journal Of Ethnopharmacology
2007; 114(2): 103–113.

Lu HT, Jiang
Y, Chen F. Determination of Squalen Using High-Performance Liquid
Chtomatography With Diode Arraydetection. Chromatographia 2004; 59(1-2):
367-371.

Lucas L, Russell A, Keast R. Molecular Mechanisms
Of İnflammation. Anti-İnflammatory Benefits Of Virgin Olive Oil And The
Phenolic Compound Oleocanthal. Current Pharmoceutical Design 2011; 17(8):754–768.

Lupianez-Perez I, Uttumchandani SK, Morilla-Herrera
JC & et al. Topical
Olive Oil is not Inferior to Hyperoxygenated Fatty Aids to Prevent Pressure
Ulcers in High-Risk Immobilised Patients in Home Care. Results of A Multicentre
Randomised Triple-Blind Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial. Plos ONE 2015;10(4): 0122238.

Madadi ZAA,  Zeighami R, Azimian J & et al. The Effect of Topical Olive Oil on
Prevention of Bedsore İn İntensive Care Units Patients. International Journal of
Research İn Medical Sciences 2015;3(9): 2342-2347.

Nasiri M, Fayazi
S. Jahani S & et al.The Effect of Topical Olive Oil on The Healing of Foot
Ulcer In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical
Trial Study In Iran. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders 2015; 29:
14-38.

Ono T, Tsuji T, Sakai M, &
et al. Induction of
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Production in Human Dermal Fibroblasts And Their
Proliferation By The Extract Of Bitter Melon Pulp. Cytokine 2009; 46(1):
119-26.

Owen RW, Mier W, Giacosa A &
et al. Phenolic Compounds
and Squalene in Olive Oils: The Concentration and Antioxidants Potential of
Total Phenols, Simple Phenols, Secoiridoids, Lignans And Squalene. Food And Chemical
Toxicology 2000; 38(8):647-659.

Owen
RW, Haubnera R, Mierb W & et al. İsolation, Structure Elucidation and
Antioxidant Potential Of The Major Phenolic And Flavonoid Compounds In Brined
Olive Drupes. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2003; 41(5): 703–717.

Özata E, Cömert M. Zeytinyağı Ve Sağlıklı
Yaşam. Zeytin Bilimi 2016; 6 (2): 105-110.

Parkinson L, Keast R. Oleocanthal, A
Phenolic Derived From Virgin Olive Oil: A Review Of The Beneficial Effects On
İnflammatory Disease. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences 2014;15:12323–12334.

Paymard A, Salehian
T, Behnam-Moghadam & et al.  The Effect of Local Olive Oil on Prevention of Pressure Ulcers In
Patients Hospitalized In The Intensive Care Unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital,
Yasuj: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Anesthesiology And
Pain (Persian) 2016; 6(3): 54 61.

Rafehi H, Ververis K, Karagiannis TC. Mechanisms
Of Action Of Phenolic Compounds İn Olive. Journal Of Dietary Supplements 2012; 9(2):96–109.

Robinson LB. Olive Oil. A Natural
Treatment For Sore Nipples? Association Of Women's Health Obstetric And
Neonatal Nurses Lifelines 2002; 6(2): 110-112.

Ryan D, Antolovich
M, Prenzler P & et al.
Biotransformations of Phenolic Compounds in Olea Europaea L. Scientia
Horticultura 2002; 92(2): 147-176.

Shıp JA, Mccutcheon JA, Spıvakovsky S &
et al. Safety And Effectiveness of Topical Dry
Mouth Products Containing Olive Oil, Betaine, And Xylitol in Reducing
Xerostomia for Polypharmacy-İnduced Dry Mouth. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
2007; 34 (10): 724–732.

Sönmez M. Basınç Yarasın
Önlenmesinde Zeytinyağının Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış
Doktora Tezi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2016. 1-20

Sumer
Z, Yıldırım G, Sumer H & et al. Cytotoxıc
And Antıbacterıial Actıivıty of The Mıxture of Olıve Oıl And Lıme Cream in
Vıtro Condıtıons.  African Journal Of Traditional, Complementary
And Alternative Medicines 2013;10(4):137-143.

Tsarbopoulos
A, Gikas E, Papadopoulos N & et al. Simultaneous Determination of
Oleuropein and Its Metabolites In Plasma By High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography. Journal of Chromatography 2003; 785(1): 157-164.

Tuck KL, Hayball
PJ. Major Phenolic Compounds in Olive Oil: Metabolism and Health Effects. Journal
of Nutritional Biochemistry 2002; 13(11): 636-644.

Valls, RM, Farràs M, Suárez M. &
et al. Effects of Functional Olive Oil Enriched With
İts Own Phenolic Compounds on Endothelial Function İn Hypertensive Patients. A Randomised
Controlled Trial. Food Chemistry 2015; 167:30–35.

Viola
P, Viola M.  Virgin Olive Oil as A
Fundamental Nutritional Component And Skin Protector. Clinics in Dermatology 2009;
27:159-165.

Waterman E, Lockwood B. Active Components
And Clinical Applications Of Olive Oil. Alternative Medicine Review 2007;12(4):331-342

Yarsan E. Lipid
Peroksidasyon Olayı ve Önlenmesine Yönelik Uygulamalar, Yüzüncü Yıl
Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi 1998; 9(1-2): 89-95.

Yıldız
H, Baysal T. Bitkisel Fenoliklerin Kullanım Olanakları ve Insan Sağlığı Üzerine
Etkileri. Gıda Mühenisliği Dergisi 2003; 14: 29-35.

Yıldız
G, Uylaşer V. Doğal Bir Antimikrobiyel: Oleuropein. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat
Fakültesi Dergisi 2011;  25(1): 131-142.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zeytinyağı, Topikal Uygulama

Kaynakça

• Referans 1 Aguilar Cordero MJ, Villar NM, Barrillao R & et al. Application of Extra Virgin Olive Oil to Prevent Nipple Cracking in Lactating Women. Worldviewon Evidence-Based Nursing 2015; 12(6): 364-369.
• Referans 2 Al-Waili NS, Saloom KS, Al-Waili TN & et al. The Safety And Efficacy of a Mixture of Honey, Olive Oil, And Beeswax for The Management of Hemorrhoids And Anal Fissure: A Pilot Study. The Scientific World Journal 2006; 2(6):1998–2005.
• Referans 3 Al-Waili NS. Topical Application of Natural Honey, Beeswax And Olive Oil Mixture to Treat Patients With Atopic Dermatitis or Psoriasis: Partially Controlled Single-Blinded Study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2003; 11(4): 226-234.
• Referans 4 Amiot MJ, Fleurıet A, Macheıx JJ. Accumulation of Oleuropein Derivatives During Olive Maturation. Phytochemistry 1989; 28 (1): 67-69.
• Referans 5 Armutçu F, Namuslu M, Yüksel R & et al. Zeytinyağı ve Sağlık: Biyoaktif Bileşenleri, Antioksidan Özellikleri ve Klinik Etkileri. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi 2013; 5(1): 60-68.
• Referans 6 Artajo LS, Romero MP, Morelloä JR, & et al. Enrichment of Refined Olive Oil With Phenolic Compounds: Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity and Their Effect on The Bitter Index. Journal of Agricultural And Food Chemistry 2006; 54: 6079-6088.
• Referans 7 Ateş A, Erdogrul OT. Antimicrobial Activities of Various Medicinal And Commercials Plant Extracts. Turkish Journal of Biology 2003; 27:157-162.
• Referans 8 Babich H, Visioli F. In Vitro Cytotoxicity to Human Cells İn Culture of Some Phenolics From Olive Oil. IL Farmaco 2003;58(5):403-407.
• Referans 9 Baladura E, Şimşek B. Doğal Antioksidanlar ve Süt ve Süt Ürünlerinde Kullanımı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2013; 27(2):155-162.
• Referans 10 Bayraktar E. Zeytinyağı ile Yapılan Perine Masajının Perine Bütünlüğü ve Doğum Eyleminin İkinci Evresinin Süresine Etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2011. 1-25.
• Referans 11 Blekas G, Vassilakis C, Harizanis C & et al. Biophenols in Table Olives. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002; 50(13): 3688-3692.
• Referans 12 Bozdoğan Konuşkan D, Altan A. Zeytin ve Zeytinyağında Doğal Olarak Bulunan Bioaktif Bileşikler ve Biyolojik ve Fizyolojik Etkileri. Gıda 2008; 33(6): 297-302.
• Referans 13 Cano-Carrillo P, Pons-Fuster A, Lopez-Jornet P. Efficacy of Lycopene-Enriched Virgin Olive Oil for Treating Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomised. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2014; 41: 296-305.
• Referans 14 Cicerale S, Lucas LJ, Keast RS. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anti-İnflammatory Phenolic Activities in Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 2012; 23(2):129–135.
• Referans 15 Covas MI, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, De La Torre R & et al. Minor Components of Olive Oil: Evidence to Date of Health Benefits in Humans. Nutrition Reviews 2006; 64(10):20-30.
• Referans16 Cömert M, Adıyaman S, Durlu Özkaya F. Yerel Halkın Zeytinyağı ile Ilgili Bilgi Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi. Zeytin Bilimi 2012; 3(1): 1-9.
• Referans17 Çakir Gungor AN, Oguz S, Vurur G & et al. Comparison of Olive Oil and Lanolin in The Prevention of Sore Nipples in Nursing Mothers. Breastfeeding Medicine 2013; 8(3):334-335.
• Referans 18 Çullu R. Emziren Annelerde Meme Problemlerinin Önlenmesinde Zeytinyağı İle Hidrojel Ped Uygulamasının Karşılaştırılması. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2008. 10-30. Referans 19 Danby SG, Alenezi T, Sultan A & et al. Effect of Olive and Sunflower Seed Oil on The Adult Skin Barrier: Implications For Neonatal Skin Care. Pediatric Dermatology 2013; 30 ( 1): 42-50.
• Referans 20 Darmstadt GL, Mao-Qiang M, Chi E & et al. İmpact of Topical Oils on The Skin Barrier: Possible Implications For Neonatal Health In Developing Countries. Acta Paediatrica 2002; 91(5): 546-554.
• Referans21 Donato-Trancoso A, Monte-Alto-Costa A, Romana-Souza B. Olive Oil-Induced Reduction Of Oxidative Damage And Inflammation Promotes Wound Healing Of Pressure Ulcers In Mice. Journal of Dermatological Science 2016; 83: 60-69.
• Referans 22 El Saka A, Abdulrhman M, Shehata IH. Comparison Between Topical Application of Honey, Bees Wax And Olive Oil Propolis Extract And Nystatin For Treatment of Diaper Dermatitis İn Infants. International Journal of Paediatrics And Child Health 2013;1(4): 39-42.
• Referans 23 Erenel ŞA, Vural G, Efe YŞ & et al. Comprasion Of Olive Oil And Dry-Clean Keeping Methods İn Umblical Cord Care As Microbiological. Maternaland Child Health Journal 2010;14: 999-1004.
• Referans 24 Granados-Principal S, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa CL & et al. Hydroxytyrosol: From Laboratory Investigations to Future Clinical Trials. Nutrition Reviews 2010; 68(4):191-206.
• Referans 25 Hasson RN. Antibacterial Activity of Water and Alcoholic Crude Extract of Flower Achillea Millefolium. Rafidain Journal of Science 2011; 22(3):11- 20.
• Referans26 Kaşıkırık M, Seven Ü, Güçer Ş. Zeytinyağındaki Antioksidanlar Ve Önemi. 1. Ulusal Zeytin Öğrenci Kongresi, Edremit, Balıkesir, 2008199-202.
• Referans 27 Kaplan M, Arıhan K. Antik Çağdan Günümüze Bir Şifa Kaynağı: Zeytin Ve Zeytinyağının Halk Tıbbında Kullanımı. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi 2012; 52(2): 41-56.
• Referans 28 Kırbağ S., Zengin F, Kürsat M. Antımıcrobıal Actıvıtıes of Extracts of Some Plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany 2009; 41(4): 2067-2070.
• Referans 29 Kırbağ S, Zengin F. Elazığ Yöresindeki Bazı Tıbbi Bitkilerin Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteleri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 2006; 16(2): 77-80.
• Referans 30 Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Berger C, Inzinger R.The Effect Of Daily Treatment with an Olive Oil/ Lanolin Emollient on Skin Integrity in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatric Dermatology 2008; 25(2):174–178.
• Referans 31Kirlek F, Akdolun Balkaya N. Erken Pospartum Dönemde Meme Başı Ağrısı ve Çatlaklarının Önlenmesinde Anne Sütü ve Zeytinyağının Etkisi. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2013; 15(2): 17-34.
• Referans 32 Kubo, A., Lunde, C.S., Kubo, I., 1995. Antimicrobial Activity Of The Olive Oil Şavor Compounds. Journal Of Agricultural And Food Chemistry 43(6): 1629–1633.
• Referans 33 Kumar B, Vijayakumar M, Govindarajan R & et al. Ethnopharmacological Approaches to Wound Healing: Exploring Medicinal Plants of India. Journal Of Ethnopharmacology 2007; 114(2): 103–113.
• Referans 34 Lu HT, Jiang Y, Chen F. Determination of Squalen Using High-Performance Liquid Chtomatography With Diode Arraydetection. Chromatographia 2004; 59(1-2): 367-371.
• Referans 35 Lucas L, Russell A, Keast R. Molecular Mechanisms Of İnflammation. Anti-İnflammatory Benefits Of Virgin Olive Oil And The Phenolic Compound Oleocanthal. Current Pharmoceutical Design 2011; 17(8):754–768.
• Referans 36 Lupianez-Perez I, Uttumchandani SK, Morilla-Herrera JC & et al. Topical Olive Oil is not Inferior to Hyperoxygenated Fatty Aids to Prevent Pressure Ulcers in High-Risk Immobilised Patients in Home Care. Results of A Multicentre Randomised Triple-Blind Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial. Plos ONE 2015;10(4): 0122238.
• Referans 37 Madadi ZAA, Zeighami R, Azimian J & et al. The Effect of Topical Olive Oil on Prevention of Bedsore İn İntensive Care Units Patients. International Journal of Research İn Medical Sciences 2015;3(9): 2342-2347.
• Referans 38 Nasiri M, Fayazi S. Jahani S & et al.The Effect of Topical Olive Oil on The Healing of Foot Ulcer In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Study In Iran. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders 2015; 29: 14-38.
• Referans 39 Ono T, Tsuji T, Sakai M, & et al. Induction of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Production in Human Dermal Fibroblasts And Their Proliferation By The Extract Of Bitter Melon Pulp. Cytokine 2009; 46(1): 119-26.
• Referans 40 Owen RW, Mier W, Giacosa A & et al. Phenolic Compounds and Squalene in Olive Oils: The Concentration and Antioxidants Potential of Total Phenols, Simple Phenols, Secoiridoids, Lignans And Squalene. Food And Chemical Toxicology 2000; 38(8):647-659.
• Referans 41 Owen RW, Haubnera R, Mierb W & et al. İsolation, Structure Elucidation and Antioxidant Potential Of The Major Phenolic And Flavonoid Compounds In Brined Olive Drupes. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2003; 41(5): 703–717.
• Referans 42Özata E, Cömert M. Zeytinyağı Ve Sağlıklı Yaşam. Zeytin Bilimi 2016; 6 (2): 105-110.
• Referans 43 Parkinson L, Keast R. Oleocanthal, A Phenolic Derived From Virgin Olive Oil: A Review Of The Beneficial Effects On İnflammatory Disease. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences 2014;15:12323–12334.
• Referans 44 Paymard A, Salehian T, Behnam-Moghadam & et al. The Effect of Local Olive Oil on Prevention of Pressure Ulcers In Patients Hospitalized In The Intensive Care Unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Yasuj: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Anesthesiology And Pain (Persian) 2016; 6(3): 54 61.
• Referans 45 Rafehi H, Ververis K, Karagiannis TC. Mechanisms Of Action Of Phenolic Compounds İn Olive. Journal Of Dietary Supplements 2012; 9(2):96–109.
• Referans 46 Robinson LB. Olive Oil. A Natural Treatment For Sore Nipples? Association Of Women's Health Obstetric And Neonatal Nurses Lifelines 2002; 6(2): 110-112.
• Referans 47 Ryan D, Antolovich M, Prenzler P & et al. Biotransformations of Phenolic Compounds in Olea Europaea L. Scientia Horticultura 2002; 92(2): 147-176.
• Referans 48 Shıp JA, Mccutcheon JA, Spıvakovsky S & et al. Safety And Effectiveness of Topical Dry Mouth Products Containing Olive Oil, Betaine, And Xylitol in Reducing Xerostomia for Polypharmacy-İnduced Dry Mouth. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2007; 34 (10): 724–732.
• Referans 49 Sönmez M. Basınç Yarasın Önlenmesinde Zeytinyağının Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2016. 1-20
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