Utilization Opportunities of Agricultural Biomass in Iraq
Abstract
Investing in renewable energies, including biomass, is an important topic in Iraq. Research indicates that there is great potential for renewable energy in Iraq, including biomass, but achieving this great potential requires clear strategies and significant investments. This research sought to determine the amount of biomass energy that can be produced by the residues of eight Iraqi crops: wheat, barley, oats, corn, rice (straw), rice (husk), cotton, and sugar beets. could produce. Calorific value and accessible residue amount were considered to determine the residue's potential for energy. Estimates for 2021 showed that 1,308,516 tons of agricultural residue would be available overall for the eight crops. The two crops with the highest residue percentages were wheat at 52.31% and rice (straw), at 19.98%. The total calorific value of the residue was also obtained at 20,744,442 GJ. Wheat and rice (straw) also gave the highest calorific value at 52.79% and 18.81%, respectively. Therefore, according to the results obtained in this study, a portion of the country's energy consumption can be saved in this way given the abundance of agricultural resources in Iraq and the appropriate climate. Implementing residue-to-energy projects will help Iraq harness these resources and contribute to sustainable energy development.
Keywords
References
- Alhassany, H. D., Abbas, S. M., Tostado-Véliz, M., Vera, D., Kamel, S., and Jurado, F., 2022. Review of bioenergy potential from the agriculture sector in Iraq. Energies 15(7): 2678
- Alhwayzee, M. H., Imran, A. M., and Nassrullah, K. S., 2020. Evaluation of Solid Biomass Fuel for Some Iraqi Agricultural Wastes Using Proximate and Ultimate Analyses. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 671(1): 012006.
- Al-Qayim, K., 2022. Compositional Analysis and identification of bio-oil in Iraqi Date Pits. Jornual of AL-Farabi for Engineering Sciences 1(2): 12-12.
- Ethaib, S., Omar, R., Kamal, S. M. M., Awang Biak, D. R., and Zubaidi, S. L., 2020. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass waste: A mini review. Processes 8(9): 1190.
- Iraqi Ministry of Electricity and Sustainable Energy. Available online: https://moelc.gov.iq/ (accessed on 12 January 2024).
- Islam, M. K., Khatun, M. S., Arefin, M. A., Islam, M. R., and Hassan, M., 2021. Waste to energy: An experimental study of utilizing the agricultural residue, MSW, and e-waste available in Bangladesh for pyrolysis conversion. Heliyon 7(12).
- Jorjani , S., Yildirim, H. T., and Rezaeinia, S., 2021. Comparison of Iran and Turkey in Terms of Biomass Energy Use. Kent Akademisi 14(4): 1235-1250.
- Karaca, C., Gürdil, G. A. K., and Öztürk, H. H., 2017. Determining and mapping agricultural biomass energy potential in Samsun Province of Turkey. In ICOEST 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology 190-194: 19-23, Budapest, Hungary.
- Kazem, H. A., and Chaichan, M. T., 2012. Status and future prospects of renewable energy in Iraq. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16(8): 6007-6012.
- Naeimi, E. F., Demirel, B., and Gürdil, G. A., 2023. Assessment of energy production potential from agricultural residues in azerbaijan. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 6(3): 283-286.
- Naji , A. S., Enawi, H. H., and Mahmood, A. A. A., 2023. Renewable energy resources in Iraq: a review. Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 31(4): 1-14. Natural Resources—Biomass Potential Assessment. Available online: https://www.fao.org/energy/bioenergy/bioenergy-and-food-security/assessment/befs-ra/natural-resources/en/ (accessed on 12 January 2024).
- Phyllis2-Database for Biomass and Waste. Available online: https://phyllis.nl/ (accessed on 12 January 2024). Renewable Global Energy Review 2021—Analysis IEA. Available online: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2021/renewables (accessed on 12 January 2024).
- Riazi, M. R., Rana, M. S., and Peña Díez, J. L., 2013. Worldwide statistical data on proven reserves, production, and refining capacities of crude oil and natural gas. ASTM Manual Ser MNL 58: 33-78.
- Saleem, M., 2022. Possibility of utilizing agriculture biomass as a renewable and sustainable future energy source. Heliyon 8: e08905.
- Saleh, N. M., Saleh, A. M., Hasan, R. A., and Mahdi, H. H., 2022. The renewable, sustainable, and clean energy in iraq between reality and ambition according to the paris agreement on climate change. Mesopotamian Journal of Big Data 2022: 36-43.
- Tahir, A. H., Al-Obaidy, A. H. M., and Mohammed, F. H., 2020. Biochar from date palm waste, production, characteristics and use in the treatment of pollutants: A Review. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 737(1): 012171.
- Yemshanov, D., and McKenney, D., 2008. Fast-growing poplar plantations as a bioenergy supply source for Canada. Biomass and Bioenergy 32(3): 185-197.
Irak'ta Tarımsal Biyokütlenin Değerlendirilebilme Olanakları
Abstract
Biyokütle de dahil olmak üzere yenilenebilir enerjilere yatırım yapmak Irak'ta önemli bir konudur. Araştırmalar Irak'ta biyokütle de dahil olmak üzere yenilenebilir enerji konusunda büyük bir potansiyel bulunduğunu ancak bu büyük potansiyele ulaşmanın net stratejiler ve önemli yatırımlar gerektirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu araştırma, sekiz Irak tarım ürününün kalıntıları tarafından üretilebilecek biyokütle enerjisi miktarını belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır: buğday, arpa, yulaf, mısır, pirinç (saman), pirinç (kabuk), pamuk ve şeker pancarı. Kalıntının enerji potansiyelini belirlemek için kalorifik değeri ve erişilebilir kalıntı miktarı dikkate alımıştır. 2021 yılı tahminleri, sekiz ürün için toplam 1.308.516 ton tarımsal artığın mevcut olacağını göstermiştir. Kalıntı yüzdesi en yüksek olan iki ürün %52,31 ile buğday ve %19,98 ile pirinç (saman) olmuştur. Artığın toplam kalorifik değeri de 20.744.442 GJ olarak elde edilmiştir. Buğday ve pirinç (saman) de sırasıyla %52,79 ve %18,81 ile en yüksek kalorifik değeri vermiştir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre Irak'ta tarımsal kaynakların bolluğu ve iklimin uygun olması dikkate alındığında ülkenin enerji tüketiminin bir kısmından bu şekilde tasarruf edilebilecektir. Kalıntıdan enerjiye dönüştürme projelerinin uygulanması, Irak'ın bu kaynaklardan yararlanmasına ve sürdürülebilir enerji gelişimine katkıda bulunmasına yardımcı olacaktır.
Keywords
References
- Alhassany, H. D., Abbas, S. M., Tostado-Véliz, M., Vera, D., Kamel, S., and Jurado, F., 2022. Review of bioenergy potential from the agriculture sector in Iraq. Energies 15(7): 2678
- Alhwayzee, M. H., Imran, A. M., and Nassrullah, K. S., 2020. Evaluation of Solid Biomass Fuel for Some Iraqi Agricultural Wastes Using Proximate and Ultimate Analyses. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 671(1): 012006.
- Al-Qayim, K., 2022. Compositional Analysis and identification of bio-oil in Iraqi Date Pits. Jornual of AL-Farabi for Engineering Sciences 1(2): 12-12.
- Ethaib, S., Omar, R., Kamal, S. M. M., Awang Biak, D. R., and Zubaidi, S. L., 2020. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass waste: A mini review. Processes 8(9): 1190.
- Iraqi Ministry of Electricity and Sustainable Energy. Available online: https://moelc.gov.iq/ (accessed on 12 January 2024).
- Islam, M. K., Khatun, M. S., Arefin, M. A., Islam, M. R., and Hassan, M., 2021. Waste to energy: An experimental study of utilizing the agricultural residue, MSW, and e-waste available in Bangladesh for pyrolysis conversion. Heliyon 7(12).
- Jorjani , S., Yildirim, H. T., and Rezaeinia, S., 2021. Comparison of Iran and Turkey in Terms of Biomass Energy Use. Kent Akademisi 14(4): 1235-1250.
- Karaca, C., Gürdil, G. A. K., and Öztürk, H. H., 2017. Determining and mapping agricultural biomass energy potential in Samsun Province of Turkey. In ICOEST 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology 190-194: 19-23, Budapest, Hungary.
- Kazem, H. A., and Chaichan, M. T., 2012. Status and future prospects of renewable energy in Iraq. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16(8): 6007-6012.
- Naeimi, E. F., Demirel, B., and Gürdil, G. A., 2023. Assessment of energy production potential from agricultural residues in azerbaijan. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 6(3): 283-286.
- Naji , A. S., Enawi, H. H., and Mahmood, A. A. A., 2023. Renewable energy resources in Iraq: a review. Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 31(4): 1-14. Natural Resources—Biomass Potential Assessment. Available online: https://www.fao.org/energy/bioenergy/bioenergy-and-food-security/assessment/befs-ra/natural-resources/en/ (accessed on 12 January 2024).
- Phyllis2-Database for Biomass and Waste. Available online: https://phyllis.nl/ (accessed on 12 January 2024). Renewable Global Energy Review 2021—Analysis IEA. Available online: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2021/renewables (accessed on 12 January 2024).
- Riazi, M. R., Rana, M. S., and Peña Díez, J. L., 2013. Worldwide statistical data on proven reserves, production, and refining capacities of crude oil and natural gas. ASTM Manual Ser MNL 58: 33-78.
- Saleem, M., 2022. Possibility of utilizing agriculture biomass as a renewable and sustainable future energy source. Heliyon 8: e08905.
- Saleh, N. M., Saleh, A. M., Hasan, R. A., and Mahdi, H. H., 2022. The renewable, sustainable, and clean energy in iraq between reality and ambition according to the paris agreement on climate change. Mesopotamian Journal of Big Data 2022: 36-43.
- Tahir, A. H., Al-Obaidy, A. H. M., and Mohammed, F. H., 2020. Biochar from date palm waste, production, characteristics and use in the treatment of pollutants: A Review. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 737(1): 012171.
- Yemshanov, D., and McKenney, D., 2008. Fast-growing poplar plantations as a bioenergy supply source for Canada. Biomass and Bioenergy 32(3): 185-197.