Research Article
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Maxillary Incisor Inclination and Lower Facial Height Effects on Facial Attractiveness: A Comparative Evaluation

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 35 - 45, 17.04.2024

Abstract

Objectives: The perception of facial attractiveness plays a significant role in social interactions and self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different maxillary incisor inclinations and lower anterior facial heights on the perception of beauty, as well as to identify the threshold at which these variables begin to affect facial attractiveness.
Materials and Methods: A female patient’s smiling extraoral profile photograph with ideal skeletal relation and Class I dental relationship along with an ideal overjet, and overbite served as the base image. Digital alterations were made to create three different lower-anterior-facial-height variables: reduced, normal, and increased. Each variable was combined with seven different maxillary incisor inclinations. These modified images were then evaluated by three different groups: orthodontists (OR), clinicians (CL), and laypeople (LP), using a Likert-type scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 (IBM, New York, NY), with a significance level set to p<0.05.
Results: For normal, reduced, and increased lower-facial-height LP and CL preferred 5º retroclined maxillary incisor, while OR preferred normal inclinations (87º). All groups displayed greater criticality toward reduced lower-facial-height when scoring incisor inclination. The most significant difference (p=0.000) among the groups was observed in the reduced lower-facial-height alteration with +5º incisor inclination. Here, most of OR (60%) and half of CL (50%) rated it as average, whereas half of LP (50%) as unattractive.
Conclusion: OR favoured normal and slightly labial (+5º) crown-torque, while showing resistance towards lingual crown inclination across all variables of lower-facial-height. However, LP and CL exhibited more tolerance towards lingually inclined incisors, contributing to a more feminine appearance. These findings can assist clinicians in making informed decisions during treatment planning, leading to improved esthetical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

References

  • Akpasa IO, Yemitan TA, Obanjo BO, Oyapero A. Impact of severity of malocclusion and self-perceived smile and dental aesthatics on self-esteem among adolescents. J World Fed Orthod 2022;11(4):120-4.
  • Sarver DM. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: The smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120(2):98-111.
  • Johnston DJ, Hunt O, Johnston DC, Burden DJ, Stevenson M, Hepper P. The influence of lower face vertical proportion on facial attractiveness. Eur J Orthod 2005;27(4):349-54.
  • Arnett GW, Bergman RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Part I. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103(4):299-312.
  • Cotrim ER, Vasconcelos Júnior ÁV, Haddad AC, Reis SA. Perception of adults' smile esthetics among orthodontists, clinicians and laypeople. Dental Press J Orthod 2015;20(1):40-4.
  • Bass NM. Measurement of the Profile Angle and the Aesthetic Analysis of the Facial Profile. J Orthod 2003;30(1):3-9.
  • Dourado GB, Volpato GH, de Almeida-Pedrin RR, Pedron Oltramari PV, Freire Fernandes TM, de Castro Ferreira Conti AC. Likert scale vs visual analog scale for assessing facial pleasantness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021;160(6):844-52.
  • Maner JK, Kenrick DT, Becker DV, et al. Sexually selective cognition: beauty captures the mind of the beholder. J Pers Soc Psychol 2003;85(6):1107-20.
  • Qi Y, Ying J. Gender Biases in the Accuracy of Facial Judgments: Facial Attractiveness and Perceived Socioeconomic Status. Front Psychol 2022;13:884- 888.
  • Proffit WR, Fields HW, Larson BE, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics, sixth ed., Elsevier, Philadelphia; 2019.
  • Ghaleb N, Bouserhal J, Bassil-Nassif N. Aesthetic evaluation of profile incisor inclination. Eur J Orthod 2011;33(3):228-35.
  • Devanna R. Turning subjective into objective: Profile smile perception of I2 (incisor inclination) and its impact on treatment planning. J Orthod Res 2013;1(1):27.
  • Prasad KN, Sabrish S, Mathew S, Shivamurthy PG, Pattabiraman V, Sagarkar R. Comparison of the influence of dental and facial aesthetics in determining overall attractiveness. Int Orthod 2018;16(4):684-97.
  • Cao L, Zhang K, Bai D, Jing Y, Tian Y, Guo Y. Effect of maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position on smiling profile esthetics. Angle Orthod 2011;81(1):121-9.
  • Kokich VO, Kokich VG, Kiyak HA. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;130(2):141-51.
  • Bekes K, Kuhr K, Ohm C, Frenzel Baudisch N, Jordan AR. Does orthodontic treatment need have an impact on oral health-related quality of life ?. Hat ein kieferorthopädischer Behandlungsbedarf Auswirkungen auf die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität?. J Orofac Orthop 2023;84 (Suppl 1):19-25.
  • Lamarque S. De l’ idéal á la réalité Clinique: quelques concepts pour un sourire. J. l'Edgewise 1999; 39: 7-33.
  • El Khoury K, Ghoubril J, Kassis A, Khoury E. Factors influencing the perception of profile beauty in Class III dental compensation: A comparative cross-sectional study according to three categories of assessors. Int Orthod 2023:21(3):100784.
  • Chirivella P, Singaraju GS, Mandava P, Reddy VK, Neravati JK, George SA Comparison of the effect of labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position of maxillary incisors on esthetic profile in three different facial patterns. J Orthod Sci 2017;6(1):1-10.
  • M. Zhang, C. McGrath, U. Hägg, Changes in oral health-related quality of life during fixed appliance orthodontic treatment, Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop 133 (2008) 25-9.
  • Liu Z, McGrath C, Hägg U. The impact of malocclusion/ orthodontic treatment need on the quality of life. A systematic review. Angle Orthod 2009;79(3):585-91.
  • Alhummayani FM, Taibah SM. Orthodontic treatment needs in Saudi young adults and manpower requirements. Saudi Med J 2018;39(8):822-8.
  • Sriphadungporn C, Chamnannidiadha N. Perception of smile esthetics by laypeople of different ages. Prog Orthod 2017;18(1):8.

Maksiller Kesici Eğim ve Alt Yüz Yüksekliğinin Yüz Çekiciliği Üzerindeki Etkileri: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 35 - 45, 17.04.2024

Abstract

Amaç: Yüz çekiciliğinin algılanması, sosyal etkileşimlerde ve özsaygıda önemli bir rol oynar. Bu çalışma, farklı maksiller kesici eğimlerinin ve alt ön yüz yüksekliklerinin güzellik algısı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, bu değişkenlerin yüz çekiciliğini etkilemeye başladığı eşikleri belirlemeyi hedeflemektedir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: İdeal iskelet ilişkisi ve Sınıf I dişsel ilişkisi ile birlikte ideal overjet ve overbite'a sahip bir kadın hastanın gülümseme ağız-dışı profil fotoğrafı, temel görüntü olarak kullanılmıştır. Azaltılmış, normal ve artırılmış olmak üzere üç farklı alt-ön-yüz-yüksekliği değişkeni oluşturmak için dijital değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Her değişken, yedi farklı maksiller kesici eğim ile birleştirilmiştir. Bu değiştirilmiş görüntüler daha sonra üç farklı grup (ortodontistler [OR], klinisyenler [CL] ve bağımsız kişiler [LP]) tarafından bir Likert tipi ölçek kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analiz, SPSS 25 (IBM, New York, NY) sürümü kullanılarak anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 düzeyinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Normal, azaltılmış ve artırılmış alt-yüz-yüksekliği için, LP ve CL grupları 5º retrokline maksiller kesici eğimini daha estetik olarak tercih ederken, OR grubu normal eğimleri (87º) tercih etmiştir. Tüm gruplar, kesici eğimi değerlendirirken azaltılmış-alt-yüz-yüksekliğine karşı daha büyük bir eleştirellik sergilemiştir. Gruplar arasındaki en önemli fark (p=0.000), +5º kesici eğimli azaltılmış-alt-yüz-yüksekliği değişikliğinde gözlenmiştir. Burada, OR'nin çoğu (%60) ve CL'nin yarısı (%50) bunu ortalama olarak değerlendirmiştir, LP'nin yarısı (%50) ise çekici bulmamıştır.
Sonuç: Ortodontistler normal ve hafif labial (+5º) taç torkunu tercih ederken, alt-yüz-yüksekliği değişkenlerinin tümünde lingual kron eğimine karşı direnç gösterdi. Bununla birlikte, bağımsız kişiler ve klinisyenler, feminen bir görünüm sağlayan lingual eğimli kesicilere karşı daha fazla beğeni sergilemişlerdir Bu bulgular, klinik uzmanlara daha bilinçli kararlar ile tedavi planlaması yaparak daha estetik sonuçlara ve artmış hasta memnuniyetine ulaşmalarına yardımcı olacaktır.

References

  • Akpasa IO, Yemitan TA, Obanjo BO, Oyapero A. Impact of severity of malocclusion and self-perceived smile and dental aesthatics on self-esteem among adolescents. J World Fed Orthod 2022;11(4):120-4.
  • Sarver DM. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: The smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120(2):98-111.
  • Johnston DJ, Hunt O, Johnston DC, Burden DJ, Stevenson M, Hepper P. The influence of lower face vertical proportion on facial attractiveness. Eur J Orthod 2005;27(4):349-54.
  • Arnett GW, Bergman RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Part I. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103(4):299-312.
  • Cotrim ER, Vasconcelos Júnior ÁV, Haddad AC, Reis SA. Perception of adults' smile esthetics among orthodontists, clinicians and laypeople. Dental Press J Orthod 2015;20(1):40-4.
  • Bass NM. Measurement of the Profile Angle and the Aesthetic Analysis of the Facial Profile. J Orthod 2003;30(1):3-9.
  • Dourado GB, Volpato GH, de Almeida-Pedrin RR, Pedron Oltramari PV, Freire Fernandes TM, de Castro Ferreira Conti AC. Likert scale vs visual analog scale for assessing facial pleasantness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021;160(6):844-52.
  • Maner JK, Kenrick DT, Becker DV, et al. Sexually selective cognition: beauty captures the mind of the beholder. J Pers Soc Psychol 2003;85(6):1107-20.
  • Qi Y, Ying J. Gender Biases in the Accuracy of Facial Judgments: Facial Attractiveness and Perceived Socioeconomic Status. Front Psychol 2022;13:884- 888.
  • Proffit WR, Fields HW, Larson BE, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics, sixth ed., Elsevier, Philadelphia; 2019.
  • Ghaleb N, Bouserhal J, Bassil-Nassif N. Aesthetic evaluation of profile incisor inclination. Eur J Orthod 2011;33(3):228-35.
  • Devanna R. Turning subjective into objective: Profile smile perception of I2 (incisor inclination) and its impact on treatment planning. J Orthod Res 2013;1(1):27.
  • Prasad KN, Sabrish S, Mathew S, Shivamurthy PG, Pattabiraman V, Sagarkar R. Comparison of the influence of dental and facial aesthetics in determining overall attractiveness. Int Orthod 2018;16(4):684-97.
  • Cao L, Zhang K, Bai D, Jing Y, Tian Y, Guo Y. Effect of maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position on smiling profile esthetics. Angle Orthod 2011;81(1):121-9.
  • Kokich VO, Kokich VG, Kiyak HA. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;130(2):141-51.
  • Bekes K, Kuhr K, Ohm C, Frenzel Baudisch N, Jordan AR. Does orthodontic treatment need have an impact on oral health-related quality of life ?. Hat ein kieferorthopädischer Behandlungsbedarf Auswirkungen auf die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität?. J Orofac Orthop 2023;84 (Suppl 1):19-25.
  • Lamarque S. De l’ idéal á la réalité Clinique: quelques concepts pour un sourire. J. l'Edgewise 1999; 39: 7-33.
  • El Khoury K, Ghoubril J, Kassis A, Khoury E. Factors influencing the perception of profile beauty in Class III dental compensation: A comparative cross-sectional study according to three categories of assessors. Int Orthod 2023:21(3):100784.
  • Chirivella P, Singaraju GS, Mandava P, Reddy VK, Neravati JK, George SA Comparison of the effect of labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position of maxillary incisors on esthetic profile in three different facial patterns. J Orthod Sci 2017;6(1):1-10.
  • M. Zhang, C. McGrath, U. Hägg, Changes in oral health-related quality of life during fixed appliance orthodontic treatment, Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop 133 (2008) 25-9.
  • Liu Z, McGrath C, Hägg U. The impact of malocclusion/ orthodontic treatment need on the quality of life. A systematic review. Angle Orthod 2009;79(3):585-91.
  • Alhummayani FM, Taibah SM. Orthodontic treatment needs in Saudi young adults and manpower requirements. Saudi Med J 2018;39(8):822-8.
  • Sriphadungporn C, Chamnannidiadha N. Perception of smile esthetics by laypeople of different ages. Prog Orthod 2017;18(1):8.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ahram Hasan Al-shareaa 0009-0003-7731-8076

Goksu Trakyalı 0000-0001-7261-5504

Publication Date April 17, 2024
Submission Date January 16, 2024
Acceptance Date February 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Hasan Al-shareaa A, Trakyalı G. Maxillary Incisor Inclination and Lower Facial Height Effects on Facial Attractiveness: A Comparative Evaluation. Aydin Dental Journal. 2024;10(1):35-4.

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