Evaluation of the bioactivities of turmeric spices of different origins

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 154 - 160, 15.11.2023

Fadime Canbolat Gülçin Özcan Ateş

https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.1342073

Abstract

Our study aimed to compare the in vitro bioactivities of turmeric spice samples obtained from three different sources (India, Pakistan, and Indonesia). Our study involved the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, in vitro antioxidant activities, tyrosinase enzyme activity, and antimicrobial activity (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) analyses in three different spice samples. Each spice sample was dissolved in 250 mL of ethanol and stirred on a magnetic stirrer for 36 hours. After filtering out the solid parts, the residues were dissolved again in 250 mL of ethanol separately. This process was repeated three times. After the filtration steps, all filtrates were combined. The remaining solvents in the filtrate were evaporated using an evaporator. The residue of the extracts was placed in Eppendorf tubes and stored in a freezer until use. It has been determined that turmeric of Indian origin, with its high phenolic and flavonoid content, exhibits more potent antioxidant and antityrosinase effects than those from Indonesia and Pakistan. However, antimicrobial activity could not be detected within the studied concentration range of 10 µg/mL to 400 mg/mL.

Keywords

Turmeric, antioxidant, antityrosinase, antimicrobial

Farklı kökenli zerdeçal baharatlarının biyoaktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Çalışmamız, üç farklı kaynaktan elde edilen zerdeçal baharat örneklerinin in vitro biyoaktivitelerini (Hindistan, Pakistan ve Endonezya) karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışmamızda, toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriğin belirlenmesini, in vitro antioksidan aktivitelerini, tirozinaz enzim aktivitesini ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteyi (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus ve Candida albicans) üç farklı baharat örneğinde analiz edildi. Her bir baharat örneği 250 mL etanol içinde çözüldü ve 36 saat boyunca manyetik bir karıştırıcıda karıştırıldı. Katı parçalar süzüldükten sonra artık kalıntılar ayrı ayrı 250 mL etanol içinde tekrar çözündü. Bu işlem üç kez tekrarlandı. Süzme adımlarının ardından, tüm süzme sıvıları birleştirildi. Süzme sıvısındaki artan çözücüler buharlaştırıcı kullanılarak uzaklaştırıldı. Özütlerin kalıntısı Eppendorf tüplerine konuldu ve kullanıma kadar dondurucuda saklandı. Hindistan kökenli zerdeçalın yüksek fenolik ve flavonoid içeriği ile Endonezya ve Pakistan'dan gelenlere göre daha güçlü antioksidan ve antitirosinaz etkileri sergilediği belirlendi. Bununla birlikte, 10 µg/mL ile 400 mg/mL arasındaki incelenen konsantrasyon aralığında antimikrobiyal aktivite tespit edilemedi.

Keywords

Zerdeçal, antioksidan, antitirozinaz, antimikrobiyal

References

• Ak T, Gülçin I (2008). Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of curcumin. Chemico-Biological Interactions 174(1): 27-37.
• Akbay GD, Pekcan AG (2016). Zerdeçal: Beslenme ve sağlık yönünden değerlendirilmesi. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 44(1): 68-72.
• Akter J, Hossain MA, Takara K, Islam MZ, Hou DX (2019). Antioxidant activity of different species and varieties of turmeric (Curcuma spp): Isolation of active compounds. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 215: 9-17.
• Akter J, Islam MZ, Hossain MA, Takara K (2021). Anti-tyrosinase properties of different species of turmeric and isolation of active compounds from Curcuma amada. Medicinal Chemistry Research 30: 1669-1676.
• Artar A, Öztürk YE (2022). Zerdeçalın sağlığa etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Yaşam Dergisi 6(2): 34-47.
• Boroumand N, Samarghandian S, Hashemy SI (2018). Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of curcumin. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 7(4): 211-219.
• Çöteli E, Karataş F (2017). Zerdeçal (Curcuma longa L.) bitkisindeki antioksidan vitaminler ve glutatyon miktarları ile total antioksidan kapasitesinin belirlenmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 33(2): 91-101.
• da Silva AC, de Freitas Santos PD, do Prado Silva JT, Leimann FV, Bracht L, Goncalves OH (2018). Impact of curcumin nanoformulation on its antimicrobial activity. Trends in Food Science & Technology 72: 74-82.
• Du ZY, Jiang YF, Tang ZK, Mo RQ, Xue GH, Lu YJ, Zheng X, Dong CZ, Zhang K (2011). Antioxidation and tyrosinase inhibition of polyphenolic curcumin analogs. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 75(12): 2351-2358.
• Eleazu C, Eleazu K, Chukwuma S, Adanma I, Igwe A (2015). Polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activities of 6 new turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) accessions. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture 7(1): 22-27.
• Gupta A, Mahajan S, Sharma R (2015). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Curcuma longa rhizome extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Biotechnology Reports 6: 51-55.
• Ivanović M, Makoter K, Islamčević Razboršek M (2021). Comparative study of chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils and crude extracts of four characteristic Zingiberaceae herbs. Plants 10(3): 501.
• Karaman BE, Köseler E (2017). Zerdeçalın kronik hastalıklarla ilişkisi. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi-BÜSBİD 2(2): 96-112.
• Kasta G (2020). Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of rhizome turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) for growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 8(3): 5-8.
• Kim YJ, Uyama H (2005). Tyrosinase inhibitors from natural and synthetic sources: structure, inhibition mechanism and perspective for the future. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS 62: 1707-1723.
• Lee KH, Aziz FHA, Syahida A, Abas F, Shaari K, Israf DA, Lajis NH (2009). Synthesis and biological evaluation of curcumin-like diarylpentanoid analogues for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 44(8): 3195-3200.
• NCCLS, 2012. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically; Approved Standard—Ninth Edition.
• Niamsa N, Sittiwet C (2009). Antimicrobial activity of Curcuma longa aqueous extract. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 4(4): 173-177.
• Noorafshan A, Ashkani-Esfahani S (2013). A review of therapeutic effects of curcumin. Current Pharmaceutical Design 19(11): 2032-2046.
• Noori S, Kiasat AR, Kolahi M, Mirzajani R, Nejad SMS (2022). Determination of secondary metabolites including curcumin in Rheum ribes L. and surveying of its antioxidant and anticancer activity. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 26(3): 101479, 1-12.
• Oskoueian A, Haghighi RS, Ebrahimi M, Oskoueian E (2012). Bioactive compounds, antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition, xanthine oxidase inhibition, anticholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activities of Prunus mahaleb L. seed. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 6(2): 225-233.
• Özcan Ateş G, Kanbur S (2023). Evaluation of in-vitro anticandidal activity of 99 different commercial plant extract, fixed and essential oils against vaginal Candida albicans isolates. KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature 26 (5): 1034-1047.
• Sahin S (2018). Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction parameters for antioxidants from Curcuma longa l. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 19(2): 121-128.
• Sarikurkcu C, Kirkan B, Ozer MS, Ceylan O, Atilgan N, Cengiz M, Tepe B (2018). Chemical characterization and biological activity of Onosma gigantea extracts. Industrial Crops and Products 115: 323-329.
• Tanvir EM, Hossen MS, Hossain MF, Afroz R, Gan SH, Khalil MI, Karim N (2017). Antioxidant properties of popular turmeric (Curcuma longa) varieties from Bangladesh. Journal of Food Quality 2017: 8471785.
• Trigo-Gutierrez JK, Vega-Chacón Y, Soares AB, Mima EGDO (2021). Antimicrobial activity of curcumin in nanoformulations: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22(13): 7130.
• Trujillo J, Chirino YI, Molina-Jijón E, Andérica-Romero AC, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverrí J (2013). Renoprotective effect of the antioxidant curcumin: Recent findings. Redox Biology 1(1): 448-456.
• Wright JS (2002). Predicting the antioxidant activity of curcumin and curcuminoids. Journal of Molecular Structure: Theochem 591(1-3): 207-217.
• Yırtıcı Ü, Ergene A, Atalar MN, Adem Ş (2022). Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial effects, and molecular docking studies of Centaurea sivasica. South African Journal of Botany 144: 58-71.
• Zorofchian Moghadamtousi S, Abdulkadir H, Hassandarvish P, Tajik H, Abubakar S, Zandi K (2014). A review on antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity of curcumin. BioMed Research International 2014: 186864.