Regulatory Impact of Polyphenols on Intestinal Microbiota Composition and Neuroprotective Effects of These Compounds

Year 2020, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 190 - 208, 27.06.2020

Firdevs Çimen Havva Polat Lütfiye Ekici

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.758838

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Intestinal microbiota consisting of trillions of microorganisms and interacting with the host from birth to old age; it varies depending on the way of birth, nutrition habits, age, disease condition, antibiotic use, environmental and cultural factors. Polyphenol-rich foods such as blackberries, grapes, apples, oranges, legumes, tea, cocoa, honey and wine can regulate the gut microbiota composition. This is explained by the fact that polyphenols exert a prebiotic effect on intestinal bacteria. In the development of intestinal and neurological diseases, the bilateral relationship between the brain and the intestine comes to the fore and this relationship is called the brain-gut axis. Dysbiosis, which can be seen as a result of negative changes in the microbiota composition, poses an important problem for brain-gut axis balance. Polyphenols offer beneficial effects in the treatment of intestinal and neurological diseases by modulating the microbiota-intestinal-brain axis. The beneficial effects of polyphenols can be explained not only by their ability to regulate intestinal microbiota, but also by their ability to reduce brain neuroinflammation, improve memory and cognitive function. These properties make polyphenols promising nutraceuticals to combat many diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this article is to compile up-to-date information on the beneficial effects of polyphenols, which have important functions against various intestinal and neurological diseases associated with reduced microbiological diversity or undesired composition in microbiota.

Keywords

Polyphenols, Gut microbiota, Brain-gut axis, Dysbiosis, Neurodegenerative disorders

Polifenollerin Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Kompozisyonunu Düzenleyici ve Nöroprotektif Etkileri

Abstract

Trilyonlarca mikroorganizmadan oluşan ve doğumdan yaşlılığa kadar konakçı ile etkileşim halinde bulunan bağırsak mikrobiyotası; doğum şekli, beslenme alışkanlıkları, yaş, hastalık durumu, antibiyotik kullanımı, çevresel ve kültürel faktörlere bağlı olarak değişiklik göstermektedir. Böğürtlen, üzüm, elma, portakal, baklagiller, çay, kakao, bal ve şarap gibi polifenol açısından zengin gıdalar bağırsak mikrobiyota kompozisyonunu düzenleyebilmektedir. Bu durum polifenollerin bağırsak bakterileri üzerinde prebiyotik etki göstermeleri ile açıklanmaktadır. Bağırsak ve nörolojik hastalıkların gelişiminde, beyin ve bağırsak arasında çift yönlü ilişki ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu ilişkiye beyin-bağırsak hattı denilmektedir. Mikrobiyota kompozisyonundaki olumsuz yöndeki değişiklikler sonucu görülen disbiyozis, beyin-bağırsak hattı dengesi için önemli sorun teşkil etmektedir. Polifenoller, beyin-bağırsak hattının modülasyonu yoluyla, bağırsak ve nörolojik hastalıkların tedavisinde yararlı etkiler sunmaktadır. Polifenollerin yararlı etkileri sadece bağırsak mikrobiyotasını düzenleyebilme yetenekleri ile değil, aynı zamanda beyin nöroenflamasyonunu azaltma, hafıza ve bilişsel işlevi geliştirme yetenekleriyle de açıklanabilmektedir. Bu özellikleri polifenolleri nörodejeneratif bozukluklar ve kardiyovasküler rahatsızlıklar başta olmak üzere birçok hastalıkla mücadele etmek için umut verici nutrasötikler konumuna getirmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı mikrobiyata çeşitliliğinde azalması ya da mikrobiyota kompozisyonunun arzu edilmeyen şekilde değişmesi ile ilişkilendirilen çeşitli bağırsak ve nörolojik hastalıklara karşı önemli işlevleri bulunan polifenollerin, insan sağlığına yararlı etkileri hakkında güncel bilgileri derlemektir.

Keywords

Polifenoller, Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, Beyin-bağırsak hattı, Disbiyozis, Nörodejeneratif bozukluklar

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