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Üçüncü Mekân Arayışı: Flanör’ün Kutuplaşmadan Kaçışı

Year 2024, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 29 - 43, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.33688/aucbd.1384197

Abstract

Modern şehir hayatının önemli bir figürü olan Flanör, şehrin sokaklarını tek başına dolaşarak modern hayatın karmaşıklığını ve bireyin özgürleşmesini temsil etmektedir. Bu makale, Orhan Pamuk'un Kafamda Bir Tuhaflık romanındaki flânörü inceleyerek flânörlüğün kutuplaşmanın üstesinden gelmek ve yeni kimlik biçimleri yaratmak için önemli bir mekânsal form olabileceğini savunmaktadır. Burjuva yaşam biçimiyle sınırlandırılan Flâneur kavramı genellikle politik boyutları dikkate alınmadan kullanılmıştır. Makale, Bhabha'nın Üçüncü Mekân kavramından yola çıkarak flânerie'nin hegemonyaya karşı direnişe dönüşebileceğini öne sürmektedir. Pamuk'un romanında başkahraman Mevlut, İstanbul sokaklarında dolaşan ve şehri gözlemleyen işçi sınıfı flânörüdür. Ancak Mevlut aynı zamanda İstanbul'un çeper mahallelerine hâkim olan sol ve sağ grupları arasında kalmış, marjinalleşmiş bir karakterdir. Bu zorluklara rağmen Mevlut'un flanörlüğü, kutuplaşmanın sınırlarını aşabilen bir Üçüncü Mekân yaratmasına imkân vermektedir. Bu Üçüncü Mekân'da Mevlut kendi kimliğini keşfederken kendisi gibi ötekileştirilmiş olanlarla temas edebilmektedir. Özetle, makale flânörün günümüz toplumlarını bölen kutuplaşmanın üstesinden gelmek ve yeni kimlik biçimleri yaratmak için bir araç olabileceğini savunuyor.

References

  • Ankay, N. (2021). Orhan Pamuk’un tuhaf gezgini Mevlut. Yeni Türk Edebiyatı Araştırmaları, 13(25), 273-300. doi: 10.26517/ytea.483
  • Baudelaire, C. (1965). The painter of modern life (1863). The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays, 1-40.
  • Bauman, Z. (1994). Desert spectacular. In The flâneur (pp. 138-157). London: Routledge.
  • Benjamin, W. (2006). The writer of modern life: Essays on Charles Baudelaire. Harvard University Press. Bhabha, H. K. (2012). The location of culture. London: Routledge.
  • Cerina F., Dienesch E., Moro A., Rendall M. (2023). Spatial polarisation, The Economic Journal, 133, (649), 30–69.doi: 10.1093/ej/ueac040
  • Cresswell, T. (2010). Towards a politics of mobility. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 28, 17-31. doi: 10.1068/d11407
  • Dağ, N. (2022). Araftaki flanör. Hikmet-Akademik Edebiyat Dergisi, 16 (1), 398 – 419. doi: 10.28981/hikmet.1076209
  • De Certeau, M., Mayol, P. (1998). The practice of everyday life: living and cooking. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Featherstone, M. (1998). The flâneur, the city and virtual public life. Urban Studies, 35(5–6), 909–925.
  • Ferguson, P. P. (1994). The flâneur on and off the streets of Paris. In The flâneur (pp. 22-42). London: London: Routledge.
  • Frisby, D. (1994). The flâneur in social theory. In The flâneur (pp. 81-110). London: Routledge.
  • Gelley, A. (2015). Benjamin's Passages: Dreaming. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Glassford, J., Kara, S. M. (2018). No mood for change: neoliberalism and Turkish fiction. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. doi: 10.1080/13530194.2018.1509690
  • Gürle, F. M. (2013). Wandering on the peripheries”: The Turkish novelistic hero as “Beautiful Soul. Journal of Modern Literature, 36(4), 96-112. doi: 10.2979/jmodelite.36.4.96
  • Harvey, D. (2004). Paris, capital of modernity. London: Routledge.
  • Hones, S. (2022). Literary geography. Taylor & Francis. doi: 10.4324/9781315778273
  • Korkmaz, F. (2015). Orhan Pamuk'un kafamda bir tuhaflık romanında postmodern bir flâneur: Mevlut. Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(12). doi: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.8052
  • Kürşad, O. (2014, 13 Aralık). Orhan Pamuk'tan 'tuhaf' açıklamalar, 29.11.2023 tarihinde https://www.haberturk.com/yasam/haber/1018716-orhan-pamuktan-tuhaf-aciklamalar adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Latham, A. (2020). "Flâneur". In Audrey Kobayashi (eds.) International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 2nd edition. Volume 5, 153-157, Elsevier.
  • Lees, L. (2004). The emancipatory city?: Paradoxes and possibilities. SAGE Publications. doi: 10.4135/9781446221365
  • Lefebvre, H. (2013). Rhythmanalysis: Space, time and everyday life. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Marx, K. (2014). On the Jewish question. In Nonsense Upon Stilts (pp. 137-150), London: Routledge.
  • Millington, G., Rizov, V. (2019). ‘What makes city life meaningful is the things we hide’ A dialogue on existential urban space between Marshall Berman and Orhan Pamuk. City, 23(6), 697-713. doi: 10.1080/13604813.2020.1718961
  • Modai-Snir, T., van Ham, M. (2018). Neighbourhood change and spatial polarization: The roles of increasing inequality and divergent urban development. Cities, 82, 108-118. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2018.05.009
  • Öksüz, M. (2022). Arzu coğrafyasına dair bir “oluş” ve “kaçış” denemesi. Nurettin Özgen (Ed.), in Psikocoğrafya (152-184). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Pamuk, O. (2015). A Strangeness in My Mind. Faber & Faber.
  • Piatti, B., Bär, H. R., Reuschel, A. K., Hurni, L., Cartwright, W. (2009). Mapping literature: Towards a geography of fiction. In Cartography and art (pp. 1-16). Berlin: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68569-2_15
  • Pope, R. (2010). The Jouissance of the Flâneur: Rewriting Baudelaire and Modernity. Space and Culture, 13(1), 4–16. doi: 10.1177/1206331209353682
  • Rose, G. (1995). The interstitial perspective: a review essay on Homi Bhabha's The Location of Culture. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 13(3), 365-373.
  • Sakr, R. (2011). Between Terror and Taboo: Monumentalisation as the Matrix of History and Politics in Orhan Pamuk's The Black Book and Snow. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 38(2), 227-247. doi: 10.1080/13530194.2011.581821
  • Saunders, A. (2010). Literary geography: Reforging the connections. Progress in Human Geography, 34(4), 436-452. doi: 10.1177/03091325093436
  • Shields, R. (1994). Fancy footwork: Walter Benjamin’s notes on flânerie. In The flâneur (pp. 61-80). London: London: Routledge.
  • Simmel, G. (2012). The metropolis and mental life. In The Urban Sociology Reader (pp. 37-45). London: London: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203103333-10
  • Suk, J., McLeod, D. M., Shah, D. V. (2022). Spatial polarization, partisan climate, and participatory actions: Do congenial contexts lead to mobilization, resignation, activation, or complacency?. Political Behavior, 1-24. doi: 10.1007/s11109-022-09801-6
  • Thacker, A. (2017). Critical literary geography. In The Routledge Handbook of Literature and Space (pp. 28-38). Routledge.
  • Valentine, G., Harris, C. (2016). Encounters and (in) tolerance: perceptions of legality and the regulation of space. Social & Cultural Geography, 17(7), 913-932. doi: 10.1080/14649365.2016.1139171

In Search of Third Space: Flâneur’s Escape from Polarization

Year 2024, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 29 - 43, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.33688/aucbd.1384197

Abstract

This paper examines the flâneur in Orhan Pamuk's novel A Strangeness in My Mind and argues that flânerie can be a powerful practice for overcoming polarization and creating new forms of identity in a Third Space. We argue that flâneur has often been used in without considering its political implications. They propose that flânerie can generate resistance against hegemony by drawing on Bhabha's concept of the Third Space. In Pamuk's novel, the protagonist, Mevlut, is a flâneur who wanders the streets of Istanbul, observing the city. However, Mevlut is also a marginalized figure, caught between the wing and right groups that dominate Istanbul's peripheral neighbourhoods. Despite these challenges, Mevlut's flânerie allows him to create a Third Space, a position that is able to move beyond polarization. In this Third Space, Mevlut is able to explore his own identity and to form connections with the others who are also marginalized.

References

  • Ankay, N. (2021). Orhan Pamuk’un tuhaf gezgini Mevlut. Yeni Türk Edebiyatı Araştırmaları, 13(25), 273-300. doi: 10.26517/ytea.483
  • Baudelaire, C. (1965). The painter of modern life (1863). The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays, 1-40.
  • Bauman, Z. (1994). Desert spectacular. In The flâneur (pp. 138-157). London: Routledge.
  • Benjamin, W. (2006). The writer of modern life: Essays on Charles Baudelaire. Harvard University Press. Bhabha, H. K. (2012). The location of culture. London: Routledge.
  • Cerina F., Dienesch E., Moro A., Rendall M. (2023). Spatial polarisation, The Economic Journal, 133, (649), 30–69.doi: 10.1093/ej/ueac040
  • Cresswell, T. (2010). Towards a politics of mobility. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 28, 17-31. doi: 10.1068/d11407
  • Dağ, N. (2022). Araftaki flanör. Hikmet-Akademik Edebiyat Dergisi, 16 (1), 398 – 419. doi: 10.28981/hikmet.1076209
  • De Certeau, M., Mayol, P. (1998). The practice of everyday life: living and cooking. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Featherstone, M. (1998). The flâneur, the city and virtual public life. Urban Studies, 35(5–6), 909–925.
  • Ferguson, P. P. (1994). The flâneur on and off the streets of Paris. In The flâneur (pp. 22-42). London: London: Routledge.
  • Frisby, D. (1994). The flâneur in social theory. In The flâneur (pp. 81-110). London: Routledge.
  • Gelley, A. (2015). Benjamin's Passages: Dreaming. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Glassford, J., Kara, S. M. (2018). No mood for change: neoliberalism and Turkish fiction. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. doi: 10.1080/13530194.2018.1509690
  • Gürle, F. M. (2013). Wandering on the peripheries”: The Turkish novelistic hero as “Beautiful Soul. Journal of Modern Literature, 36(4), 96-112. doi: 10.2979/jmodelite.36.4.96
  • Harvey, D. (2004). Paris, capital of modernity. London: Routledge.
  • Hones, S. (2022). Literary geography. Taylor & Francis. doi: 10.4324/9781315778273
  • Korkmaz, F. (2015). Orhan Pamuk'un kafamda bir tuhaflık romanında postmodern bir flâneur: Mevlut. Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(12). doi: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.8052
  • Kürşad, O. (2014, 13 Aralık). Orhan Pamuk'tan 'tuhaf' açıklamalar, 29.11.2023 tarihinde https://www.haberturk.com/yasam/haber/1018716-orhan-pamuktan-tuhaf-aciklamalar adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Latham, A. (2020). "Flâneur". In Audrey Kobayashi (eds.) International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 2nd edition. Volume 5, 153-157, Elsevier.
  • Lees, L. (2004). The emancipatory city?: Paradoxes and possibilities. SAGE Publications. doi: 10.4135/9781446221365
  • Lefebvre, H. (2013). Rhythmanalysis: Space, time and everyday life. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Marx, K. (2014). On the Jewish question. In Nonsense Upon Stilts (pp. 137-150), London: Routledge.
  • Millington, G., Rizov, V. (2019). ‘What makes city life meaningful is the things we hide’ A dialogue on existential urban space between Marshall Berman and Orhan Pamuk. City, 23(6), 697-713. doi: 10.1080/13604813.2020.1718961
  • Modai-Snir, T., van Ham, M. (2018). Neighbourhood change and spatial polarization: The roles of increasing inequality and divergent urban development. Cities, 82, 108-118. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2018.05.009
  • Öksüz, M. (2022). Arzu coğrafyasına dair bir “oluş” ve “kaçış” denemesi. Nurettin Özgen (Ed.), in Psikocoğrafya (152-184). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Pamuk, O. (2015). A Strangeness in My Mind. Faber & Faber.
  • Piatti, B., Bär, H. R., Reuschel, A. K., Hurni, L., Cartwright, W. (2009). Mapping literature: Towards a geography of fiction. In Cartography and art (pp. 1-16). Berlin: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68569-2_15
  • Pope, R. (2010). The Jouissance of the Flâneur: Rewriting Baudelaire and Modernity. Space and Culture, 13(1), 4–16. doi: 10.1177/1206331209353682
  • Rose, G. (1995). The interstitial perspective: a review essay on Homi Bhabha's The Location of Culture. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 13(3), 365-373.
  • Sakr, R. (2011). Between Terror and Taboo: Monumentalisation as the Matrix of History and Politics in Orhan Pamuk's The Black Book and Snow. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 38(2), 227-247. doi: 10.1080/13530194.2011.581821
  • Saunders, A. (2010). Literary geography: Reforging the connections. Progress in Human Geography, 34(4), 436-452. doi: 10.1177/03091325093436
  • Shields, R. (1994). Fancy footwork: Walter Benjamin’s notes on flânerie. In The flâneur (pp. 61-80). London: London: Routledge.
  • Simmel, G. (2012). The metropolis and mental life. In The Urban Sociology Reader (pp. 37-45). London: London: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203103333-10
  • Suk, J., McLeod, D. M., Shah, D. V. (2022). Spatial polarization, partisan climate, and participatory actions: Do congenial contexts lead to mobilization, resignation, activation, or complacency?. Political Behavior, 1-24. doi: 10.1007/s11109-022-09801-6
  • Thacker, A. (2017). Critical literary geography. In The Routledge Handbook of Literature and Space (pp. 28-38). Routledge.
  • Valentine, G., Harris, C. (2016). Encounters and (in) tolerance: perceptions of legality and the regulation of space. Social & Cultural Geography, 17(7), 913-932. doi: 10.1080/14649365.2016.1139171
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Cultural Geography
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Serhat Ay 0000-0003-1604-2208

Taner Kılıç 0000-0002-1944-8214

Early Pub Date January 1, 2024
Publication Date April 29, 2024
Submission Date November 1, 2023
Acceptance Date January 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ay, S., & Kılıç, T. (2024). In Search of Third Space: Flâneur’s Escape from Polarization. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 29-43. https://doi.org/10.33688/aucbd.1384197