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Self-Help Groups: Their Role In Addiction Treatment

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 30 - 37, 30.12.2023

Simge Alevsaçanlar Cücü

https://doi.org/10.32739/car.2023.7.2.219

Abstract

Self-help groups are organizations where individuals with common concerns, issues, or struggles come together to share their experiences and provide support to each other. These groups can address a variety of challenges such as addiction, mental health issues, health problems, grief, divorce, and other difficulties in life. There are numerous studies worldwide, including in our country, demonstrating the effectiveness of self-help groups in addiction treatment, such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. This study aims to understand the functions of self-help groups and their significance and role in addiction treatment.

Keywords

self-help groups alcoholics anonymous narcotics Anonymous

References

  • 1. Cole SA (1983). Self-Help Groups. Chapter: Comprehensive Group Psychotheraphy, 2nd ed. (Eds. Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ). 144-150. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins.
  • 2. Weiner IB, Craighead WE. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. Volume 4, Edition: 4th, Chapter: Self-help groups. John Wiley & Sons, 2010; 1538-1540.
  • 3. Seif N, Baptiste Bastien JR, Wang B, Davies J, Isaken M, Ball E, Pitman A, Rowe S. Effectiveness, acceptability and potential harms of peer support for self-harm in non-clinical settings: systematic review. BJPsych Open, 2022; 17;8(1):e28. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2021.1081.
  • 4. Donnelly A. Self-Help Groups: What They Are & How They Work. https://www.choosingtherapy.com/self-help-groups/ (Accessed 12.2.2024)
  • 5. Kurtz LF (1997) Self-help and support groups: A handbook for practitioners. 1st ed. Thousand Oaks, USA: Sage Publications.
  • 6. Knight C (2016) Introduction: The context of contemporary group work practice and education. Group work with populations at risk, 4th ed. (Eds. Greif GL, Knight C), 3-15. New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
  • 7. Grünke M, Hammes-Schmitz E, Ramacher-Faasen N, Stallman N, Apel K, Faasen J, Faasen R. Digital Self-Help Groups for College Students with Dyslexia: What They Can Provide to Young People With Substantial Difficulties in Reading and Spelling on Their Path through Higher Education. Insights into Learning Disabilities. 2023; 20(1),51-63.
  • 8. Bloch S (1985) Crouch E.Therapeutic Factors in Group Psychotherapy. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • 9. Yalom I (2002) Grup Psikoterapisinin Teori ve Pratiği. 1. Baskı. (Çev. Tangör A Karaçam Ö) İstanbul, Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • 10. Zarkin GA, Bray JW, Mitra D, Cisler RA, Kivlahan DF. Cost methodology of Combine. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 2005; 15: 50–55.
  • 11. Yeshua-Katz D. The Role of Communication Affordances in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Facebook and WhatsApp Support Groups. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021; 18, 4576.
  • 12. Moos RH. Active ingredients of substance use-focused self-help groups. Addiction. 2008;103: 387–396.
  • 13. Vederhus JK, Kristensen Ø. High effectiveness of self-help programs after drug addiction therapy. BMC Psychiatry. 2006; 6:35.
  • 14. Yalom I, Leszcz M (2018). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy. 1. Baskı. (Çev. Karaçam Ö, Tangör A). İstanbul, Pegasus
  • 15. Bjerke TN. Self-help groups for substance addiction. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen. 2012; 1(132): 54–6.
  • 16. Lieberman MA, Borman L (1979) Self Help Groups for Coping in Crisis. San Fransisco, Josey-bass.
  • 17. Adamsen L, Rasmussen JM. Sociological perspectives on self-help groups: reflections on conceptualization and social processes. J Adv Nurs. 2001; 35(6):909–17.
  • 18. Liamputtong P, Haritavorn N, Kiatying-Angsulee N. HIV and AIDS, stigma and AIDS support groups: perspectives from women living with HIV and AIDS in central Thailand. Soc Sci Med. 2009; 69(6):862–8.
  • 19. Biradavolu MR, Blankenship KM, Jena A, Dhungana N, Biradavolu MR, Blankenship KM. Structural stigma, sex work and HIV: Contradictions and lessons learnt from a community-led structural intervention in Southern India. J Epidemiol Community Heal. 2012; 66:ii95–eii9.
  • 20. Takada S, Weiser SD, Kumbakumba E, Muzoora C, Martin JN, Hunt PW, Haberer JE, Kawuma A, Bangsberg DR, Tsai A. The dynamic relationship between social support and HIV-related stigma in rural Uganda. Ann Behav Med. 2014;48(1):26– 37.
  • 21. Tumwikirize S, Mokoboto-Zwane S. Participation in PLHIV support groups: Does it enchance behavioural outcomes? HIV Curr Res. 2016; 1(1):104.
  • 22. Mankovski ES ve Silvergleid CS. A Review of Self-Help and Mutual Support Groups For Men. Int’l.J.Self Help & Self Care. 2000; Vol. 1(3) 281-299.
  • 23. Rappaport, J. Empowerment meets narrative: Listening to stories and creating settings. American Journal of Community Psychology. 1995; 23(5), 795–807.
  • 24. Worrall H, Schweizer R, Ellen M, Yuan L, Lloyd C, Ramjan R. The effectiveness of support groups: a literature review. Mental Health and Social Inclusion. 2018; 22 (2), 85-93.
  • 25. Lyons N, Cooper C, Lloyd-Evans BA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of group peer support interventions for people experiencing mental health conditions. BMC Psychiatry. 2021; 21, 315.
  • 26. Jason LA, Davis MI, Ferrari JR. The need for substance abuse aftercare: Longitudinal analysis of Oxford House. Addiction Behaviors. 2007; 32: 803–818.
  • 27. Galanter MD. Alcoholics Anonymous and Twelve‐Step Recovery:A Model Based on Social and Cognitive Neuroscience. The American Journal on Addictions. 2014; 23: 300–307.
  • 28. Parkman T, Lloyd C, Splisbury K. Self-Help Groups for Alcohol Dependency: A Scoping Review. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery. 2015; 10: 102–124.
  • 29. Priyadarshini PP. Role of Self-help Group in Substance Addiction Recovery. Das International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology. 2012; 1(6).
  • 30. Çetin A ve Zakirov F. Bağımlılık Rehabilitasyonu. Current Addiction Research. 2023;7(1): 5-8.
  • 31. Zemore SE, Kaskutas LA, Ammon LN. In 12-step groups, helping helps the helper. Addiction. 2004; 99:1015-1023.
  • 32. Lieberman MA. A group therapist perspective on self-help groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy. 1990; 40: 251 – 78.
  • 33. Erükçü Akbaş G, Mutlu E. Madde bağımlılığı tedavisi gören kişilerin bağımlılık ve tedavi deneyimleri. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet. 2016; 27(1): 101-122.
  • 34. Kelly JF, Humphreys K, Ferri M. Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020;11.
  • 35. Alcoholics Anonymous (1991) Adsız Alkolikler. 4. Baskı. (Çev. Adsız Alkolikler) New York, Alcoholic Anonymous World Services, Inc.
  • 36. Alcoholics Anonymous (1994) Oniki Basamak ve Oniki Gelenek. 1. Baskı. (Çev. Adsız Alkolikler) New York, Alcoholic Anonymous World Services, Inc.
  • 37. Narcotics Anonymous (2008) Adsız Narkotik. 5. Baskı. (Çev. Adsız Narkotikler) Narcotics Anonymous World Services, Inc,
  • 38. Denzin NK (1987) The alcoholic society: addiction and recovery of the self. New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers.
  • 39. Vederhus J, Kristensen, Ø. High effectiveness of self-help programs after drug addiction therapy. BMC Psychiatry. 2006; 6(35), 1-6
  • 40. O’Brien CP, McClellan AT. Myths about the treatment of addiction. 1996; Lancet, 347, 237–240.
  • 41. Mendola A. Gibson RL. Addiction, 12‐step programs, and evidentiary standards for ethically and clinically sound treatment recommendations: What should clinicians do? AMA Journal of Ethics, 2016; 18( 6), 646– 655.
  • 42. Adriana NP ve Wicaksono D. Alcoholic/Narcotic Anonymous Program Outcome: A Systematic Review. Indonesian Journal of Medicine, 2023; 8, 331-338.
  • 43. Watson CG, Hancock M, Gearhart LP, Mendez CM, Malovrh P, Radon M. A comparative outcome study of frequent, moderate, occasional, and nonattenders of Alcoholics Anonymous. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1997; 53: 209–214.
  • 44. Timko C, Moos R, Finney JW, Lesar MD. Long-term outcomes of alcohol use disorders: Comparing untreated individuals with those in Alcoholics Anonymous and formal treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2000; 61: 529–540.
  • 45. Kaskutas LA, Bond J, Humphreys K. Social networks as mediators of the effect of Alcoholics Anonymous. Addiction. 2002; 97(7), 891–900.
  • 46. Moos R, Moos B. Long-term influence of duration and frequency of participation in Alcoholics Anonymous on individuals with alcohol use disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2004; 72: 81–90.
  • 47. Connors GJ, Tonigan JS, Miller WR. A longitudinal model of intake symptomatology, AA participation and outcome: Retrospective study of the Project MATCH outpatient and aftercare samples. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 2001; 62: 817–825.
  • 48. Kelly JF, Brown SA, Abrantes A, Kahler CW, Myers M. Social recovery model: an 8-year investigation of adolescent 12-step group involvement following inpatient treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 2008; 32: 1468–78.
  • 49. Chi FW, Kaskutas LA, Sterling S, Campbell CI, Weisner C. Twelve-Step affiliation and 3-year substance use outcomes among adolescents: social support and religious service attendance as potential mediators. Addiction. 2009; 104: 927–39.
  • 50. Kelly JF, Stout RL, Slaymaker V. Emerging adults’ treatment outcomes in relation to 12-step mutual-help attendance and active involvement. Drug Alcohol Depend, 2013; 129: 151–7. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.005. Epub 2012 Oct 31.
  • 51. Laudet AB. The Impact of Alcoholics Anonymous on other substance abuse related Twelve Step programs. Recent Dev Alcohol. 2008; 18:71-89.
  • 52. Yüncü Z, Yıldız U, Kesebir S, Altıntoprak E, Coşkunol H. Alkol Kullanım Bozukluğu Olan Olguların Sosyal Destek Sistemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 2005; 6(3), 129 – 135.

KENDI KENDINE YARDIM GRUPLARI: BAĞIMLILIK TEDAVISINDEKI ROLÜ

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 30 - 37, 30.12.2023

Simge Alevsaçanlar Cücü

https://doi.org/10.32739/car.2023.7.2.219

Abstract

Kendi kendine yardım grupları, belirli bir konuda ortak endişeleri, sorunları veya mücadeleleri paylaşan bireylerin bir araya gelerek deneyimlerini paylaştığı ve birbirlerine destek sağladığı yapılanmalardır. Bu gruplar, bağımlılık, ruh sağlığı sorunları, sağlık sorunları, yas, boşanma gibi yaşamın çeşitli alanlarındaki zorluklarla ilgili olabilirler. Ülkemizde ve dünya genelinde Adsız Alkolikler ve Adsız Narkotikler gibi kendi kendine yardım gruplarının bağımlılık tedavisindeki etkinliğini gösteren birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, kendi kendine yardım gruplarının işlevleri ve bağımlılık tedavisindeki önemini ve rolünü anlamaya odaklanmaktadır.

Keywords

kendi kendine yardım grupları adsız alkolikler adsız narkotikler

References

  • 1. Cole SA (1983). Self-Help Groups. Chapter: Comprehensive Group Psychotheraphy, 2nd ed. (Eds. Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ). 144-150. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins.
  • 2. Weiner IB, Craighead WE. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. Volume 4, Edition: 4th, Chapter: Self-help groups. John Wiley & Sons, 2010; 1538-1540.
  • 3. Seif N, Baptiste Bastien JR, Wang B, Davies J, Isaken M, Ball E, Pitman A, Rowe S. Effectiveness, acceptability and potential harms of peer support for self-harm in non-clinical settings: systematic review. BJPsych Open, 2022; 17;8(1):e28. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2021.1081.
  • 4. Donnelly A. Self-Help Groups: What They Are & How They Work. https://www.choosingtherapy.com/self-help-groups/ (Accessed 12.2.2024)
  • 5. Kurtz LF (1997) Self-help and support groups: A handbook for practitioners. 1st ed. Thousand Oaks, USA: Sage Publications.
  • 6. Knight C (2016) Introduction: The context of contemporary group work practice and education. Group work with populations at risk, 4th ed. (Eds. Greif GL, Knight C), 3-15. New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
  • 7. Grünke M, Hammes-Schmitz E, Ramacher-Faasen N, Stallman N, Apel K, Faasen J, Faasen R. Digital Self-Help Groups for College Students with Dyslexia: What They Can Provide to Young People With Substantial Difficulties in Reading and Spelling on Their Path through Higher Education. Insights into Learning Disabilities. 2023; 20(1),51-63.
  • 8. Bloch S (1985) Crouch E.Therapeutic Factors in Group Psychotherapy. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • 9. Yalom I (2002) Grup Psikoterapisinin Teori ve Pratiği. 1. Baskı. (Çev. Tangör A Karaçam Ö) İstanbul, Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • 10. Zarkin GA, Bray JW, Mitra D, Cisler RA, Kivlahan DF. Cost methodology of Combine. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 2005; 15: 50–55.
  • 11. Yeshua-Katz D. The Role of Communication Affordances in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Facebook and WhatsApp Support Groups. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021; 18, 4576.
  • 12. Moos RH. Active ingredients of substance use-focused self-help groups. Addiction. 2008;103: 387–396.
  • 13. Vederhus JK, Kristensen Ø. High effectiveness of self-help programs after drug addiction therapy. BMC Psychiatry. 2006; 6:35.
  • 14. Yalom I, Leszcz M (2018). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy. 1. Baskı. (Çev. Karaçam Ö, Tangör A). İstanbul, Pegasus
  • 15. Bjerke TN. Self-help groups for substance addiction. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen. 2012; 1(132): 54–6.
  • 16. Lieberman MA, Borman L (1979) Self Help Groups for Coping in Crisis. San Fransisco, Josey-bass.
  • 17. Adamsen L, Rasmussen JM. Sociological perspectives on self-help groups: reflections on conceptualization and social processes. J Adv Nurs. 2001; 35(6):909–17.
  • 18. Liamputtong P, Haritavorn N, Kiatying-Angsulee N. HIV and AIDS, stigma and AIDS support groups: perspectives from women living with HIV and AIDS in central Thailand. Soc Sci Med. 2009; 69(6):862–8.
  • 19. Biradavolu MR, Blankenship KM, Jena A, Dhungana N, Biradavolu MR, Blankenship KM. Structural stigma, sex work and HIV: Contradictions and lessons learnt from a community-led structural intervention in Southern India. J Epidemiol Community Heal. 2012; 66:ii95–eii9.
  • 20. Takada S, Weiser SD, Kumbakumba E, Muzoora C, Martin JN, Hunt PW, Haberer JE, Kawuma A, Bangsberg DR, Tsai A. The dynamic relationship between social support and HIV-related stigma in rural Uganda. Ann Behav Med. 2014;48(1):26– 37.
  • 21. Tumwikirize S, Mokoboto-Zwane S. Participation in PLHIV support groups: Does it enchance behavioural outcomes? HIV Curr Res. 2016; 1(1):104.
  • 22. Mankovski ES ve Silvergleid CS. A Review of Self-Help and Mutual Support Groups For Men. Int’l.J.Self Help & Self Care. 2000; Vol. 1(3) 281-299.
  • 23. Rappaport, J. Empowerment meets narrative: Listening to stories and creating settings. American Journal of Community Psychology. 1995; 23(5), 795–807.
  • 24. Worrall H, Schweizer R, Ellen M, Yuan L, Lloyd C, Ramjan R. The effectiveness of support groups: a literature review. Mental Health and Social Inclusion. 2018; 22 (2), 85-93.
  • 25. Lyons N, Cooper C, Lloyd-Evans BA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of group peer support interventions for people experiencing mental health conditions. BMC Psychiatry. 2021; 21, 315.
  • 26. Jason LA, Davis MI, Ferrari JR. The need for substance abuse aftercare: Longitudinal analysis of Oxford House. Addiction Behaviors. 2007; 32: 803–818.
  • 27. Galanter MD. Alcoholics Anonymous and Twelve‐Step Recovery:A Model Based on Social and Cognitive Neuroscience. The American Journal on Addictions. 2014; 23: 300–307.
  • 28. Parkman T, Lloyd C, Splisbury K. Self-Help Groups for Alcohol Dependency: A Scoping Review. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery. 2015; 10: 102–124.
  • 29. Priyadarshini PP. Role of Self-help Group in Substance Addiction Recovery. Das International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology. 2012; 1(6).
  • 30. Çetin A ve Zakirov F. Bağımlılık Rehabilitasyonu. Current Addiction Research. 2023;7(1): 5-8.
  • 31. Zemore SE, Kaskutas LA, Ammon LN. In 12-step groups, helping helps the helper. Addiction. 2004; 99:1015-1023.
  • 32. Lieberman MA. A group therapist perspective on self-help groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy. 1990; 40: 251 – 78.
  • 33. Erükçü Akbaş G, Mutlu E. Madde bağımlılığı tedavisi gören kişilerin bağımlılık ve tedavi deneyimleri. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet. 2016; 27(1): 101-122.
  • 34. Kelly JF, Humphreys K, Ferri M. Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020;11.
  • 35. Alcoholics Anonymous (1991) Adsız Alkolikler. 4. Baskı. (Çev. Adsız Alkolikler) New York, Alcoholic Anonymous World Services, Inc.
  • 36. Alcoholics Anonymous (1994) Oniki Basamak ve Oniki Gelenek. 1. Baskı. (Çev. Adsız Alkolikler) New York, Alcoholic Anonymous World Services, Inc.
  • 37. Narcotics Anonymous (2008) Adsız Narkotik. 5. Baskı. (Çev. Adsız Narkotikler) Narcotics Anonymous World Services, Inc,
  • 38. Denzin NK (1987) The alcoholic society: addiction and recovery of the self. New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers.
  • 39. Vederhus J, Kristensen, Ø. High effectiveness of self-help programs after drug addiction therapy. BMC Psychiatry. 2006; 6(35), 1-6
  • 40. O’Brien CP, McClellan AT. Myths about the treatment of addiction. 1996; Lancet, 347, 237–240.
  • 41. Mendola A. Gibson RL. Addiction, 12‐step programs, and evidentiary standards for ethically and clinically sound treatment recommendations: What should clinicians do? AMA Journal of Ethics, 2016; 18( 6), 646– 655.
  • 42. Adriana NP ve Wicaksono D. Alcoholic/Narcotic Anonymous Program Outcome: A Systematic Review. Indonesian Journal of Medicine, 2023; 8, 331-338.
  • 43. Watson CG, Hancock M, Gearhart LP, Mendez CM, Malovrh P, Radon M. A comparative outcome study of frequent, moderate, occasional, and nonattenders of Alcoholics Anonymous. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1997; 53: 209–214.
  • 44. Timko C, Moos R, Finney JW, Lesar MD. Long-term outcomes of alcohol use disorders: Comparing untreated individuals with those in Alcoholics Anonymous and formal treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2000; 61: 529–540.
  • 45. Kaskutas LA, Bond J, Humphreys K. Social networks as mediators of the effect of Alcoholics Anonymous. Addiction. 2002; 97(7), 891–900.
  • 46. Moos R, Moos B. Long-term influence of duration and frequency of participation in Alcoholics Anonymous on individuals with alcohol use disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2004; 72: 81–90.
  • 47. Connors GJ, Tonigan JS, Miller WR. A longitudinal model of intake symptomatology, AA participation and outcome: Retrospective study of the Project MATCH outpatient and aftercare samples. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 2001; 62: 817–825.
  • 48. Kelly JF, Brown SA, Abrantes A, Kahler CW, Myers M. Social recovery model: an 8-year investigation of adolescent 12-step group involvement following inpatient treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 2008; 32: 1468–78.
  • 49. Chi FW, Kaskutas LA, Sterling S, Campbell CI, Weisner C. Twelve-Step affiliation and 3-year substance use outcomes among adolescents: social support and religious service attendance as potential mediators. Addiction. 2009; 104: 927–39.
  • 50. Kelly JF, Stout RL, Slaymaker V. Emerging adults’ treatment outcomes in relation to 12-step mutual-help attendance and active involvement. Drug Alcohol Depend, 2013; 129: 151–7. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.005. Epub 2012 Oct 31.
  • 51. Laudet AB. The Impact of Alcoholics Anonymous on other substance abuse related Twelve Step programs. Recent Dev Alcohol. 2008; 18:71-89.
  • 52. Yüncü Z, Yıldız U, Kesebir S, Altıntoprak E, Coşkunol H. Alkol Kullanım Bozukluğu Olan Olguların Sosyal Destek Sistemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 2005; 6(3), 129 – 135.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Subtance Abuse, Social and Personality Psychology (Other)
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Simge Alevsaçanlar Cücü 0000-0001-7010-388X

Publication Date December 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Alevsaçanlar Cücü, S. (2023). KENDI KENDINE YARDIM GRUPLARI: BAĞIMLILIK TEDAVISINDEKI ROLÜ. Current Addiction Research, 7(2), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.32739/car.2023.7.2.219
AMA Alevsaçanlar Cücü S. KENDI KENDINE YARDIM GRUPLARI: BAĞIMLILIK TEDAVISINDEKI ROLÜ. Current Addiction Research. December 2023;7(2):30-37. doi:10.32739/car.2023.7.2.219
Chicago Alevsaçanlar Cücü, Simge. “KENDI KENDINE YARDIM GRUPLARI: BAĞIMLILIK TEDAVISINDEKI ROLÜ”. Current Addiction Research 7, no. 2 (December 2023): 30-37. https://doi.org/10.32739/car.2023.7.2.219.
EndNote Alevsaçanlar Cücü S (December 1, 2023) KENDI KENDINE YARDIM GRUPLARI: BAĞIMLILIK TEDAVISINDEKI ROLÜ. Current Addiction Research 7 2 30–37.
IEEE S. Alevsaçanlar Cücü, “KENDI KENDINE YARDIM GRUPLARI: BAĞIMLILIK TEDAVISINDEKI ROLÜ”, Current Addiction Research, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 30–37, 2023, doi: 10.32739/car.2023.7.2.219.
ISNAD Alevsaçanlar Cücü, Simge. “KENDI KENDINE YARDIM GRUPLARI: BAĞIMLILIK TEDAVISINDEKI ROLÜ”. Current Addiction Research 7/2 (December 2023), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.32739/car.2023.7.2.219.
JAMA Alevsaçanlar Cücü S. KENDI KENDINE YARDIM GRUPLARI: BAĞIMLILIK TEDAVISINDEKI ROLÜ. Current Addiction Research. 2023;7:30–37.
MLA Alevsaçanlar Cücü, Simge. “KENDI KENDINE YARDIM GRUPLARI: BAĞIMLILIK TEDAVISINDEKI ROLÜ”. Current Addiction Research, vol. 7, no. 2, 2023, pp. 30-37, doi:10.32739/car.2023.7.2.219.
Vancouver Alevsaçanlar Cücü S. KENDI KENDINE YARDIM GRUPLARI: BAĞIMLILIK TEDAVISINDEKI ROLÜ. Current Addiction Research. 2023;7(2):30-7.
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