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Fired Clay Brick or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete as Walling Materials in Terms of Sustainability

Year 2020, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 109 - 117, 24.06.2020

Abstract

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The construction sector is a significant contributor
to harmful environmental impacts throughout the entire building life cycle. The
fact that a large amount of and a wide range of materials used in construction
makes their environmental impacts important. In this context, Environmental
Product Declarations contribute to compare the environmental impacts of the
building materials with the same functional unit for the same processes. Fired
clay brick (FCB) and autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) are commonly used
materials for the exterior walls in Turkey. In this study, it was aimed to
analyze the environmental impacts and identify environmental hot spots to
improve the sustainability of the two materials in the scope of the “cradle to
gate”. EPDs and local data obtained from two factories through mutual
interviews were used. The environmental impacts of FCB caused by raw materials
acquisition and transportation are less than AAC. On the other hand, the
manufacturing of FCB is an energy-intensive process because of the firing and
firing temperatures compared to the manufacturing process of AAC. It is thought
that the results of this study can be useful to improve the sustainability of
the materials and to select sustainable building materials.

References

  • [1]. Ding, G.K.C. LCA of Sustainable Building Materials: An Overview, 3, 38-62, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2014; pp 38- 62.
  • [2]. EN ISO 14040, 2006. Environmental management – Life Cycle Assessment, principles and framework.
  • [3]. EN 15804, EN15804+A1:2014. 2014). Sustainability of construction works. Environmental Product Declarations. Core rules for the product category of building materials.
  • [4]. ISO 14025, 2011. ISO 14025:2011-10 Environmental labels and declarations. Type III environmental declarations, principles and procedures.
  • [5]. Bribian, I, Z, Capilla, A, V, Uson, A, A. 2011. LCA of building materials: Comparative analysis of energy and environmental impacts and evaluation of the eco- efficiency improvement potential. Building and Environment; 46: 1133- 1140.
  • [6]. Franzoni, E. 2011. Materials selection for green buildings: which tools for engineers and architects. Procedia Engineering; 21: 883- 890.
  • [7]. Calkins, M. Materials for Sustainable Sites: A Complete Guide to the Evaluation, Selection, and Use of Sustainable Construction Materials, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2009.
  • [8]. Berge, B. The Ecology of Building Materials, 2nd edition, Architectural Press: Elsevier, Oxford, 2009
  • [9]. Murmu, A, L, Patel, A. 2018. Towards sustainable brick production: An overview. Construction and Building Materials; 165: 112- 125.
  • [10]. Kömürlü, R, Önel, H. 2007. Usage of aerated concrete construction elements in houses. Megaron; 2 (3): 145-158.
  • [11]. Nadoushani, Z.S.M, Akbarnezhad, A. 2017. Multi-criteria selection of facade systems based on sustainability criteria. Building and Environment, 121: 67-78.
  • [12]. Sangeeth, A., Perera, R., Perera, N. 2019. “Cradle to gate” assessment of material related embodied carbon: a design stage stratagem for sustainable housing, 5th International Conference on Countermeasures to Urban Heat Islands (IC2UHI).
  • [13]. Shukla, R. 2014. Burnt clay bricks versus AAC blocks: a comparative analysis, international journal of Engineering and Research Technology, 3,11, 575-580.
  • [14]. Esin, T. 2007. A study regarding the environmental impact analysis of the building materials production process (in Turkey). Building and Environment; 42 (11): 3860- 3871.
  • [15]. TS EN 771-1+A1, 2015. Specification for masonry units - Part 1: Clay masonry units.
  • [16]. Kumar, S, Maithel, S. Introduction to Brick Kilns and Specific Energy Consumption Protocol for Brick Kilns, Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India. https://breathelife2030.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/12.pdf. (accessed at 10.05.2019).
  • [17]. TS EN 12602, 2016. Prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aerated concrete.
  • [18]. EPD, generic brick, UK, https://www.mbhplc.co.uk/wpcontent/uploads/brick-epd.pdf (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [19]. EPD, gray brick, Denmark, http://www.epddanmark.dk/site/images/gallery/md-17002-en/MD-17002-EN_rev1.pdf (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [20]. EPD, extruded brick, Norway, https://www.wienerberger.co.uk/download-centre.html, (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [21]. EPD, yellow brick, Denmark, http://www.epddanmark.dk/site/images/gallery/md-18015-EN/MD-18015-EN.pdf, (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [22]. EPD, AAC, Turkey http://www.akggazbeton.com/SF/591/AKG-EPD-2018-2023.pdf (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [23]. EPD, AAC, Germany, https://www.environdec.com/Detail/?Epd=10333 (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [24]. EPD, AAC, England, https://epdonline.com/PublishedEpd/Detail/9480 (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [25]. EPD, AAC, Germany, https://epdonline.com/PublishedEpd/Detail/10266 (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [26]. 26. IPCC: Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories., United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2006. http://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol1.html (accessed at 15.07.2019)
Year 2020, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 109 - 117, 24.06.2020

Abstract

References

  • [1]. Ding, G.K.C. LCA of Sustainable Building Materials: An Overview, 3, 38-62, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2014; pp 38- 62.
  • [2]. EN ISO 14040, 2006. Environmental management – Life Cycle Assessment, principles and framework.
  • [3]. EN 15804, EN15804+A1:2014. 2014). Sustainability of construction works. Environmental Product Declarations. Core rules for the product category of building materials.
  • [4]. ISO 14025, 2011. ISO 14025:2011-10 Environmental labels and declarations. Type III environmental declarations, principles and procedures.
  • [5]. Bribian, I, Z, Capilla, A, V, Uson, A, A. 2011. LCA of building materials: Comparative analysis of energy and environmental impacts and evaluation of the eco- efficiency improvement potential. Building and Environment; 46: 1133- 1140.
  • [6]. Franzoni, E. 2011. Materials selection for green buildings: which tools for engineers and architects. Procedia Engineering; 21: 883- 890.
  • [7]. Calkins, M. Materials for Sustainable Sites: A Complete Guide to the Evaluation, Selection, and Use of Sustainable Construction Materials, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2009.
  • [8]. Berge, B. The Ecology of Building Materials, 2nd edition, Architectural Press: Elsevier, Oxford, 2009
  • [9]. Murmu, A, L, Patel, A. 2018. Towards sustainable brick production: An overview. Construction and Building Materials; 165: 112- 125.
  • [10]. Kömürlü, R, Önel, H. 2007. Usage of aerated concrete construction elements in houses. Megaron; 2 (3): 145-158.
  • [11]. Nadoushani, Z.S.M, Akbarnezhad, A. 2017. Multi-criteria selection of facade systems based on sustainability criteria. Building and Environment, 121: 67-78.
  • [12]. Sangeeth, A., Perera, R., Perera, N. 2019. “Cradle to gate” assessment of material related embodied carbon: a design stage stratagem for sustainable housing, 5th International Conference on Countermeasures to Urban Heat Islands (IC2UHI).
  • [13]. Shukla, R. 2014. Burnt clay bricks versus AAC blocks: a comparative analysis, international journal of Engineering and Research Technology, 3,11, 575-580.
  • [14]. Esin, T. 2007. A study regarding the environmental impact analysis of the building materials production process (in Turkey). Building and Environment; 42 (11): 3860- 3871.
  • [15]. TS EN 771-1+A1, 2015. Specification for masonry units - Part 1: Clay masonry units.
  • [16]. Kumar, S, Maithel, S. Introduction to Brick Kilns and Specific Energy Consumption Protocol for Brick Kilns, Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India. https://breathelife2030.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/12.pdf. (accessed at 10.05.2019).
  • [17]. TS EN 12602, 2016. Prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aerated concrete.
  • [18]. EPD, generic brick, UK, https://www.mbhplc.co.uk/wpcontent/uploads/brick-epd.pdf (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [19]. EPD, gray brick, Denmark, http://www.epddanmark.dk/site/images/gallery/md-17002-en/MD-17002-EN_rev1.pdf (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [20]. EPD, extruded brick, Norway, https://www.wienerberger.co.uk/download-centre.html, (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [21]. EPD, yellow brick, Denmark, http://www.epddanmark.dk/site/images/gallery/md-18015-EN/MD-18015-EN.pdf, (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [22]. EPD, AAC, Turkey http://www.akggazbeton.com/SF/591/AKG-EPD-2018-2023.pdf (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [23]. EPD, AAC, Germany, https://www.environdec.com/Detail/?Epd=10333 (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [24]. EPD, AAC, England, https://epdonline.com/PublishedEpd/Detail/9480 (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [25]. EPD, AAC, Germany, https://epdonline.com/PublishedEpd/Detail/10266 (accessed at 20.05.2019).
  • [26]. 26. IPCC: Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories., United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2006. http://www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol1.html (accessed at 15.07.2019)
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Saniye Karaman Öztaş 0000-0003-1955-0013

Sinan İriş This is me

Publication Date June 24, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karaman Öztaş, S., & İriş, S. (2020). Fired Clay Brick or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete as Walling Materials in Terms of Sustainability. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science, 16(2), 109-117.
AMA Karaman Öztaş S, İriş S. Fired Clay Brick or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete as Walling Materials in Terms of Sustainability. CBUJOS. June 2020;16(2):109-117.
Chicago Karaman Öztaş, Saniye, and Sinan İriş. “Fired Clay Brick or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete As Walling Materials in Terms of Sustainability”. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science 16, no. 2 (June 2020): 109-17.
EndNote Karaman Öztaş S, İriş S (June 1, 2020) Fired Clay Brick or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete as Walling Materials in Terms of Sustainability. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science 16 2 109–117.
IEEE S. Karaman Öztaş and S. İriş, “Fired Clay Brick or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete as Walling Materials in Terms of Sustainability”, CBUJOS, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 109–117, 2020.
ISNAD Karaman Öztaş, Saniye - İriş, Sinan. “Fired Clay Brick or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete As Walling Materials in Terms of Sustainability”. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science 16/2 (June 2020), 109-117.
JAMA Karaman Öztaş S, İriş S. Fired Clay Brick or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete as Walling Materials in Terms of Sustainability. CBUJOS. 2020;16:109–117.
MLA Karaman Öztaş, Saniye and Sinan İriş. “Fired Clay Brick or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete As Walling Materials in Terms of Sustainability”. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science, vol. 16, no. 2, 2020, pp. 109-17.
Vancouver Karaman Öztaş S, İriş S. Fired Clay Brick or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete as Walling Materials in Terms of Sustainability. CBUJOS. 2020;16(2):109-17.