Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 32 - 40, 30.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.769735

Abstract

References

  • [1] Brandon M, Morgentaler, A. Male and female sexual dysfunction in a rapidly changing cultural environment: addressing gender equality versus equivalence in the bedroom. Sex Med Rev 2016; 4(2):96-102.
  • [2] Singh JC, Tharyan P, Kekre NS, Singh G, Gopalakrishnan G. Prevalence and risk factors for female sexual dysfunction in women attending a medical clinic in south India. J Postgrad Med 2009; 55(2):113-120.
  • [3] Ege E, Akın B, Arslan SY, Bilgili N. Sağlıklı kadınlarda cinsel fonksiyon bozukluğu sıklığı ve risk faktörleri. TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi 2010; 3(1):137-144. (Turkish)
  • [4] Tekin YB, Ural UM, Üstüner I, Balık G, Güven ESG. Evaluation of female sexual function index and associated factors among married women in North Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 11(3):153-158.
  • [5] Özdemir H. Erkeğin Kullandığı Aile Planlaması Yöntemlerinin Kadın Cinsel Yaşamına Etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2014. (Turkish)
  • [6] Jaafarpour M, Khani A, Khajavikhan J, Suhrabi Z. Female sexual dysfunction: prevalence and risk factors. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7(12):2877–2880.
  • [7] Elaut E, Buysse A, De Sutter P, Gerris J, De Cuypere G, T’Sjoen G. Cycle-related changes in mood, sexual desire, and sexual activity in oral contraception-using and nonhormonal- contraception-using couples. J Sex Res 2016; 53(1):125-136.
  • [8] Casey PM, MacLaughlin KL, Faubion SS. Impact of contraception on female sexual function. J Womens Health 2017; 26(3):207- 213.
  • [9] Ozerdoğan N, Sayıner FD, Kosgeroglu N, Unsal A. 40–65 Yaş grubu kadınlarda cinsel fonksiyon bozukluğu prevalansı, depresyon ve diğer ilişkili faktörler. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi 2009; 2(2):46-59. (Turkish)
  • [10] Schaffir JA, Isley MM, Woodward M. Oral contraceptives vs injectable progestin in their effect on sexual behavior. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 203(6):545-e1-5.
  • [11] Kovalevsky G, Ballagh SA, Stanczyk F, Lee J, Cooper J, Archer, D. F. (2010). Levonorgestrel effects on serum androgens, sex hormone–binding globulin levels, hair shaft diameter, and sexual function. Fertil Steril 2010; 93(6):1997-2003.
  • [12] Smith NK, Jozkowski KN, Sanders SA. Hormonal contraception and female pain, orgasm and sexual pleasure. J Sex Med 2014; 11(2): 462-470.
  • [13] Yanikkerem E, Acar H, Elem E. Withdrawal users’ perceptions of and experience with contraceptive methods in Manisa, Turkey. Midwifery 2006; 22(33):274-284.
  • [14] Wallwiener CW, Wallwiener L M, Seeger H, Muck AO, Bitzer J, Wallwiener M. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction and impact of contraception in female German medical students. J Sex Med 2010; 7(6):2139-2148.
  • [15] Zhang H, Yip AW, Fan S, Yip PS. Sexual dysfunction among Chinese married men aged 30-60 years: a population-based study in Hong Kong. Urology 2013; 81(2):334-339.
  • [16] Lee M, Morgan M, Rapkin A. Clitoral and vulvar vestibular sensation in women taking 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol combined oral contraceptives: A preliminary study. J Sex Med 2011;8(1):213-218.
  • [17] Caruso S, Iraci Sareri M, Agnello C, Romano M, Lo Presti L, Malandrino C, Cianci A. Conventional vs. extended‐cycle oral contraceptives on the quality of sexual life: Comparison between two regimens containing 3 mg drospirenone and 20 μg ethinyl estradiol. J Sex Med 2011; 8(5):1478-1485.
  • [18] Battaglia C, Morotti E, Persico N, Battaglia B, Busacchi P, Casadio P. Clitoral vascularization and sexual behavior in young patients treated with drospirenone–ethinyl estradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring: a prospective, randomized, pilot study. J Sex Med 2014; 11(2):471-480.
  • [19] Fataneh G, Marjan MH, Nasrin R, Taraneh T. Sexual function in Iranian women using different methods of contraception. J Clin Nurs 2013; 22(21-22): 3016-3023.
  • [20] Higgins JA, Tanner AE, Janssen E. Arousal loss related to safer sex and risk of pregnancy: implications for women’s and men’s sexual health. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2009; 41(3):150-157.
  • [21] Kılıç A, Akyüz A, Yavan T, Guvenç G. Kontraseptiflerin cinsel yaşantıya etkileri üzerine niteliksel bir çalışma. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst 2009; 19(3):131-141. (Turkish)
  • [22] Panchalee T, Wongwananuruk T, Augsuwatana S, Sirimai K, Tammakunto M, Neangto, C et al . Prevalence and associating factors of sexual dysfunction in women who use intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception. J Med Assoc Thai 2014; 97(1):20-27.
  • [23] Fennell J. “And Isn’t that the point?”: pleasure and contraceptive decisions. Contraception 2014; 89(4):264-270.
  • [24] Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2018. Retrieved from http:// www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_ Rapor.pdf
  • [25] Cetin O, Keskin S, Verit FF, Yucel O. Effects of different progestins in oral contraceptives on sexual function and wellbeing of women. East J Med 2015; 20(1):24-29.
  • [26] Gabalci E, Terzioglu F. The effect of family planning methods used by women of reproductive age on their sexual life. Sex Disabil 2010; 28(4):275-285.
  • [27] Wallwiener M, Wallwiener LM, Seeger H, Mueck AO, Zipfel S, Bitzer J. Effects of sex hormones in oral contraceptives on the female sexual function score: a study in German female medical students. Contraception 2010; 82(2):155-159.
  • [28] Butt MR, Lema V, Mukaindo A, Mohamoud G, Shabani J. Prevalence of and factors associated with female sexual dysfunction among women using hormonal and non-hormonal contraception at the AGA Khan University Hospital Nairobi. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 2019; 11(1):1-9.
  • [29] Manisa Population and Health Research Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, 2007 Retrieved from https://silo.tips/download/mansa-nfus-vesalik- aratirmasi-2005.
  • [30] Beck AT, Ward C, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961; 4:561-571.
  • [31] Hisli N. A study on the validity of Beck Depression Inventory. Turkish Journal of Psychology 1988; 6:118-123.
  • [32] Rosen C, Brown J, Heiman S, Leiblum C, Meston R, Shabsigh D. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther 2000; 26(2):191-208.
  • [33] Oksuz E, Malhan S. Reliability and validity of the Female Sexual Function Index in Turkish population. Sendrom 2005; 17(7):54-60.
  • [34] McCool ME, Zuelke A, Theurich MA, Knuettel H, Ricci C, Apfelbacher C. Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction among premenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Sex Med Rev 2016;4(3):197-212.
  • [35] Shifren JL, Monz BU, Russo PA, Segreti A, Johannes, CB. Sexual problems and distress in United States women: prevalence and correlates. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112(5):970-978.
  • [36] Ramezani K. A study on the modern methods of human reproduction from the perspective of law and Islamic Jurisprudence. International Journal of Research in Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management2014; 2(4):167-175.
  • [37] Du J, Ruan X, Gu M, Bitzer J, Mueck AO. Prevalence of and risk factors for sexual dysfunction in young Chinese women according to the Female Sexual Function Index: an internetbased survey. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2016;21(3):259-263.
  • [38] Ozdemir FC, Pehlivan E. Evaluation of sexual function levels of women between the ages of 20-50 living in central Malatya.Med-Science 2015; 4(4):2751-2761.
  • [39] Hamadiyan H, Oladi MAG, Rahbar P, Azad, M. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women using contraceptive methods. Health Sciences 2016; 5:163-167.
  • [40] Hinchliff S, Gott M. Challenging social myths and stereotypes of women and aging: Heterosexual women talk about sex. J Women Aging 2008; 20(1-2):65-81.
  • [41] Watson WK, Stelle C, Bell N. Older women in new romantic relationships understanding the meaning and importance of sex in later life. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2017;85(1):33-43.
  • [42] Fajewonyomi BA, Orji EO, Adeyemo AO. Sexual dysfunction among female patients of reproductive age in a hospital setting in Nigeria. J Health Popul Nutr 2007; 25(1):101–106.
  • [43] Guvel S, Yaycioglu O, Bagis T, Savas N, Bulgan E, Ozkardes H. Factors associated with sexual function in married women. Turkish Journal of Urology 2003; 29(1):43-48.
  • [44] Cayan A, Karaçam, Z. Factors concerning the attitudes of married women toward family planning in Aydın, Turkey: a cross-sectional study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2013;18(4):323-328.
  • [45] Mehdizadeh Toorzani Z, Hasan Zahraei R, Ehsanpour S, Nasiri M, Shahidi S, Soleimani B. A study on the relationship of sexual satisfaction and common contraceptive methods employed by the couples. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2010;15(3):115–119.
  • [46] Sadatmahalleh SJ, Ziaei S, Kazemnejad A, Mohamadi E. Evaluation of sexual function and quality of life in Iranian women with tubal ligation: a historical cohort study. Int J Impot Res 2015; 27(5):173-177.
  • [47] Wallwiener CW, Wallwiener LM, Seeger H, Schönfisch B, Mueck AO, Bitzer J, Zipfel S, Brucker SY, Taran FA, Wallwiener Are hormonal components of oral contraceptives associated with impaired female sexual function? A questionnairebased online survey of medical students in Germany,Austria, and Switzerland. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015;292(4):883-890.
  • [48] Moreira IFA, Bianchini MP, Moreira GRC, Almeida AM, Rezende BA. Sexual function and metabolic/hormonal changes in women using long-term hormonal and nonhormonal contraceptives: a pilot study. BMC Womens Health 2020;20:240.

Evaluation of Sexual Functions in Women Using Hormonal or Non-Hormonal Contraceptives

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 32 - 40, 30.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.769735

Abstract

Objective: Female sexual dysfunction is a common condition that negatively impacts the psychological health and quality of life of the affected
individuals. Therefore, this study aims to assess sexual function changes in women using hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptives.
Methods: We assessed 380 women who visited three Family Health Centers in Manisa, Turkey. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaires were used to get data. Regression and correlation analyses were applied to determine the
relationship and level of sexual function of participants.
Results: According to FSFI cut-off score ≤26.55, the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) was determined in 35.4% and 48.0% of sexual
function changes and FSFI score was found 26.5±4.3 and 27.1±4.1 in women using non-hormonal and hormonal contraceptives. In regression
analysis, women having higher education, satisfied with their sexual life, and women stating that their husband satisfied with non-hormonal
contraceptive usage had high score in FSFI. Of those women, 6.6% scored ≥17 on the BDI.
Conclusion: The use of hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptives is important for the improvement sexual quality of women planning
appropriate initiatives. Therefore, healthcare practitioners and providers should assess women’s risk factors for FSD, arrange for extra follow-up
and assist with early diagnosis and treatment to improve women’s sexual life.

References

  • [1] Brandon M, Morgentaler, A. Male and female sexual dysfunction in a rapidly changing cultural environment: addressing gender equality versus equivalence in the bedroom. Sex Med Rev 2016; 4(2):96-102.
  • [2] Singh JC, Tharyan P, Kekre NS, Singh G, Gopalakrishnan G. Prevalence and risk factors for female sexual dysfunction in women attending a medical clinic in south India. J Postgrad Med 2009; 55(2):113-120.
  • [3] Ege E, Akın B, Arslan SY, Bilgili N. Sağlıklı kadınlarda cinsel fonksiyon bozukluğu sıklığı ve risk faktörleri. TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi 2010; 3(1):137-144. (Turkish)
  • [4] Tekin YB, Ural UM, Üstüner I, Balık G, Güven ESG. Evaluation of female sexual function index and associated factors among married women in North Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 11(3):153-158.
  • [5] Özdemir H. Erkeğin Kullandığı Aile Planlaması Yöntemlerinin Kadın Cinsel Yaşamına Etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2014. (Turkish)
  • [6] Jaafarpour M, Khani A, Khajavikhan J, Suhrabi Z. Female sexual dysfunction: prevalence and risk factors. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7(12):2877–2880.
  • [7] Elaut E, Buysse A, De Sutter P, Gerris J, De Cuypere G, T’Sjoen G. Cycle-related changes in mood, sexual desire, and sexual activity in oral contraception-using and nonhormonal- contraception-using couples. J Sex Res 2016; 53(1):125-136.
  • [8] Casey PM, MacLaughlin KL, Faubion SS. Impact of contraception on female sexual function. J Womens Health 2017; 26(3):207- 213.
  • [9] Ozerdoğan N, Sayıner FD, Kosgeroglu N, Unsal A. 40–65 Yaş grubu kadınlarda cinsel fonksiyon bozukluğu prevalansı, depresyon ve diğer ilişkili faktörler. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi 2009; 2(2):46-59. (Turkish)
  • [10] Schaffir JA, Isley MM, Woodward M. Oral contraceptives vs injectable progestin in their effect on sexual behavior. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 203(6):545-e1-5.
  • [11] Kovalevsky G, Ballagh SA, Stanczyk F, Lee J, Cooper J, Archer, D. F. (2010). Levonorgestrel effects on serum androgens, sex hormone–binding globulin levels, hair shaft diameter, and sexual function. Fertil Steril 2010; 93(6):1997-2003.
  • [12] Smith NK, Jozkowski KN, Sanders SA. Hormonal contraception and female pain, orgasm and sexual pleasure. J Sex Med 2014; 11(2): 462-470.
  • [13] Yanikkerem E, Acar H, Elem E. Withdrawal users’ perceptions of and experience with contraceptive methods in Manisa, Turkey. Midwifery 2006; 22(33):274-284.
  • [14] Wallwiener CW, Wallwiener L M, Seeger H, Muck AO, Bitzer J, Wallwiener M. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction and impact of contraception in female German medical students. J Sex Med 2010; 7(6):2139-2148.
  • [15] Zhang H, Yip AW, Fan S, Yip PS. Sexual dysfunction among Chinese married men aged 30-60 years: a population-based study in Hong Kong. Urology 2013; 81(2):334-339.
  • [16] Lee M, Morgan M, Rapkin A. Clitoral and vulvar vestibular sensation in women taking 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol combined oral contraceptives: A preliminary study. J Sex Med 2011;8(1):213-218.
  • [17] Caruso S, Iraci Sareri M, Agnello C, Romano M, Lo Presti L, Malandrino C, Cianci A. Conventional vs. extended‐cycle oral contraceptives on the quality of sexual life: Comparison between two regimens containing 3 mg drospirenone and 20 μg ethinyl estradiol. J Sex Med 2011; 8(5):1478-1485.
  • [18] Battaglia C, Morotti E, Persico N, Battaglia B, Busacchi P, Casadio P. Clitoral vascularization and sexual behavior in young patients treated with drospirenone–ethinyl estradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring: a prospective, randomized, pilot study. J Sex Med 2014; 11(2):471-480.
  • [19] Fataneh G, Marjan MH, Nasrin R, Taraneh T. Sexual function in Iranian women using different methods of contraception. J Clin Nurs 2013; 22(21-22): 3016-3023.
  • [20] Higgins JA, Tanner AE, Janssen E. Arousal loss related to safer sex and risk of pregnancy: implications for women’s and men’s sexual health. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2009; 41(3):150-157.
  • [21] Kılıç A, Akyüz A, Yavan T, Guvenç G. Kontraseptiflerin cinsel yaşantıya etkileri üzerine niteliksel bir çalışma. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst 2009; 19(3):131-141. (Turkish)
  • [22] Panchalee T, Wongwananuruk T, Augsuwatana S, Sirimai K, Tammakunto M, Neangto, C et al . Prevalence and associating factors of sexual dysfunction in women who use intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception. J Med Assoc Thai 2014; 97(1):20-27.
  • [23] Fennell J. “And Isn’t that the point?”: pleasure and contraceptive decisions. Contraception 2014; 89(4):264-270.
  • [24] Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2018. Retrieved from http:// www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_ Rapor.pdf
  • [25] Cetin O, Keskin S, Verit FF, Yucel O. Effects of different progestins in oral contraceptives on sexual function and wellbeing of women. East J Med 2015; 20(1):24-29.
  • [26] Gabalci E, Terzioglu F. The effect of family planning methods used by women of reproductive age on their sexual life. Sex Disabil 2010; 28(4):275-285.
  • [27] Wallwiener M, Wallwiener LM, Seeger H, Mueck AO, Zipfel S, Bitzer J. Effects of sex hormones in oral contraceptives on the female sexual function score: a study in German female medical students. Contraception 2010; 82(2):155-159.
  • [28] Butt MR, Lema V, Mukaindo A, Mohamoud G, Shabani J. Prevalence of and factors associated with female sexual dysfunction among women using hormonal and non-hormonal contraception at the AGA Khan University Hospital Nairobi. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 2019; 11(1):1-9.
  • [29] Manisa Population and Health Research Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, 2007 Retrieved from https://silo.tips/download/mansa-nfus-vesalik- aratirmasi-2005.
  • [30] Beck AT, Ward C, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961; 4:561-571.
  • [31] Hisli N. A study on the validity of Beck Depression Inventory. Turkish Journal of Psychology 1988; 6:118-123.
  • [32] Rosen C, Brown J, Heiman S, Leiblum C, Meston R, Shabsigh D. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther 2000; 26(2):191-208.
  • [33] Oksuz E, Malhan S. Reliability and validity of the Female Sexual Function Index in Turkish population. Sendrom 2005; 17(7):54-60.
  • [34] McCool ME, Zuelke A, Theurich MA, Knuettel H, Ricci C, Apfelbacher C. Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction among premenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Sex Med Rev 2016;4(3):197-212.
  • [35] Shifren JL, Monz BU, Russo PA, Segreti A, Johannes, CB. Sexual problems and distress in United States women: prevalence and correlates. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112(5):970-978.
  • [36] Ramezani K. A study on the modern methods of human reproduction from the perspective of law and Islamic Jurisprudence. International Journal of Research in Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management2014; 2(4):167-175.
  • [37] Du J, Ruan X, Gu M, Bitzer J, Mueck AO. Prevalence of and risk factors for sexual dysfunction in young Chinese women according to the Female Sexual Function Index: an internetbased survey. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2016;21(3):259-263.
  • [38] Ozdemir FC, Pehlivan E. Evaluation of sexual function levels of women between the ages of 20-50 living in central Malatya.Med-Science 2015; 4(4):2751-2761.
  • [39] Hamadiyan H, Oladi MAG, Rahbar P, Azad, M. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women using contraceptive methods. Health Sciences 2016; 5:163-167.
  • [40] Hinchliff S, Gott M. Challenging social myths and stereotypes of women and aging: Heterosexual women talk about sex. J Women Aging 2008; 20(1-2):65-81.
  • [41] Watson WK, Stelle C, Bell N. Older women in new romantic relationships understanding the meaning and importance of sex in later life. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2017;85(1):33-43.
  • [42] Fajewonyomi BA, Orji EO, Adeyemo AO. Sexual dysfunction among female patients of reproductive age in a hospital setting in Nigeria. J Health Popul Nutr 2007; 25(1):101–106.
  • [43] Guvel S, Yaycioglu O, Bagis T, Savas N, Bulgan E, Ozkardes H. Factors associated with sexual function in married women. Turkish Journal of Urology 2003; 29(1):43-48.
  • [44] Cayan A, Karaçam, Z. Factors concerning the attitudes of married women toward family planning in Aydın, Turkey: a cross-sectional study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2013;18(4):323-328.
  • [45] Mehdizadeh Toorzani Z, Hasan Zahraei R, Ehsanpour S, Nasiri M, Shahidi S, Soleimani B. A study on the relationship of sexual satisfaction and common contraceptive methods employed by the couples. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2010;15(3):115–119.
  • [46] Sadatmahalleh SJ, Ziaei S, Kazemnejad A, Mohamadi E. Evaluation of sexual function and quality of life in Iranian women with tubal ligation: a historical cohort study. Int J Impot Res 2015; 27(5):173-177.
  • [47] Wallwiener CW, Wallwiener LM, Seeger H, Schönfisch B, Mueck AO, Bitzer J, Zipfel S, Brucker SY, Taran FA, Wallwiener Are hormonal components of oral contraceptives associated with impaired female sexual function? A questionnairebased online survey of medical students in Germany,Austria, and Switzerland. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015;292(4):883-890.
  • [48] Moreira IFA, Bianchini MP, Moreira GRC, Almeida AM, Rezende BA. Sexual function and metabolic/hormonal changes in women using long-term hormonal and nonhormonal contraceptives: a pilot study. BMC Womens Health 2020;20:240.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Özge Topsakal 0000-0003-2443-6397

Emre Yanıkkerem 0000-0001-8909-3597

Publication Date March 30, 2022
Submission Date July 14, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Topsakal, Ö., & Yanıkkerem, E. (2022). Evaluation of Sexual Functions in Women Using Hormonal or Non-Hormonal Contraceptives. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 12(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.769735
AMA Topsakal Ö, Yanıkkerem E. Evaluation of Sexual Functions in Women Using Hormonal or Non-Hormonal Contraceptives. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. March 2022;12(1):32-40. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.769735
Chicago Topsakal, Özge, and Emre Yanıkkerem. “Evaluation of Sexual Functions in Women Using Hormonal or Non-Hormonal Contraceptives”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 12, no. 1 (March 2022): 32-40. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.769735.
EndNote Topsakal Ö, Yanıkkerem E (March 1, 2022) Evaluation of Sexual Functions in Women Using Hormonal or Non-Hormonal Contraceptives. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 12 1 32–40.
IEEE Ö. Topsakal and E. Yanıkkerem, “Evaluation of Sexual Functions in Women Using Hormonal or Non-Hormonal Contraceptives”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 32–40, 2022, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.769735.
ISNAD Topsakal, Özge - Yanıkkerem, Emre. “Evaluation of Sexual Functions in Women Using Hormonal or Non-Hormonal Contraceptives”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 12/1 (March 2022), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.769735.
JAMA Topsakal Ö, Yanıkkerem E. Evaluation of Sexual Functions in Women Using Hormonal or Non-Hormonal Contraceptives. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2022;12:32–40.
MLA Topsakal, Özge and Emre Yanıkkerem. “Evaluation of Sexual Functions in Women Using Hormonal or Non-Hormonal Contraceptives”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 12, no. 1, 2022, pp. 32-40, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.769735.
Vancouver Topsakal Ö, Yanıkkerem E. Evaluation of Sexual Functions in Women Using Hormonal or Non-Hormonal Contraceptives. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2022;12(1):32-40.

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