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The Effects of Antenatal Education on Level of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Two Months

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 146 - 153, 28.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1065762

Abstract

Objective: Breastfeeding is a wonderful event that requires strength and dedication from mothers. Effective breastfeeding education provided to pregnant women in the prenatal period can increase the success and level of breastfeeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of prenatal education intervention on the first two-month exclusive breastfeeding level.
Method: This experimental study was carried out at a primary family health center between July 2019 and February 2020. One hundred thirty-three pregnant women were included in the study’s control and intervention groups. The Prenatal and postnatal information form, the Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) were used to collect the data.
Results: The first two-month exclusive breastfeeding level was 33.1% in the control group and 68.7% in the intervention group (p <.05). The exclusive breastfeeding status in the first two months was adversely affected 10.5 times by feeding food other than breast milk as the first food after birth, 4.3 times by using pacifier-bottles, and 2.8 times by not receiving breastfeeding education. The weekly progression of the
gestational week had a positive effect by 1.6 times, and each unit increase in the number of daily breastfeeding had a positive effect of five times (p<.05)
Conclusion: Prenatal breast milk and breastfeeding education increased the first two-month exclusive breastfeeding level. The education also had a positive effect on daily breastfeeding frequency, pacifier-bottle use, night breastfeeding levels and water use.

References

  • Abate AD, Hassen SL, Temesgen MM. Timely initiation of complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Dessie Zuria District, Northeast Ethiopia: a community- based cross-sectional study. Front. Pediatr. 2023;11:1062251. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1062251
  • Galipeau R, Baillot A, Trottier A, Lemire L. Effectiveness of interventions on breastfeeding self-efficacy and perceived insufficient milk supply: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Matern Child Nutr. 2018;14(3):e12607. DOI:10.1111/mcn.12607.
  • Younger Meek J, Hatcher AJ. The breastfeeding-friendly pediatric office practice. Pediatrics 2017;139(5):e20170647. DOI:10.1542/peds.2017-0647.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2012;129(3):827-41. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-3552
  • WHO. Infant and Young Child Feeding (2020) [Internet]. Published [9 June 2021]. Accessed [November 2021]. http://www.who.Int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ınfant-and-young-child-feeding.
  • Abdulahi M, Fretheim A, Magnus JH. Effect of breastfeeding education and support intervention (BFESI) versus routine care on timely initiation and exclusive breastfeeding in Southwest Ethiopia: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18(1):313. DOI:10.1186/s12887-018-1278-5.
  • Grummer Strawn LM, Rollins N. Summarising the health effects of breastfeeding. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(467):1-2. DOI:10.1111/apa.13136.
  • Modugno F, Goughnour SL, Wallack D, Edwards RP, Odunsi K, Kelley JL, Moysich K, Ness RB, Brooks MM. Breastfeeding factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2019;153(1):116-22. DOI:10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.01.017.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. “Doğum Öncesi Bakım Yönetim Rehberi ". Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 925, Ankara. 2018. (Turkish)
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması 2018 [Internet]. Published [November2019]Accessed[October2021].http://openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11655/23356/2018_TNSA_Ozet_Rapor.pdf sequence=1&isAllowed=y. (Turkish)
  • Koruk I, Gokceoglu S, Allahverdi S, Kuzen R. Level of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months in 0-24 months infants and children in a family health center in Sanliurfa and the factors affecting it. J Health Sci Res. 2019;4(1):1-11. DOI:10.18311/jhsr/2019/23330.
  • Demirci J, Kotzias V, Bogen DL, Ray KN, Uscher Pines L. Tele-lactation via mobile app: Perspectives of rural mothers, their care providers, and lactation consultants. Telemed J E Health. 2019;25(9):853-58. DOI:10.1089/tmj.2018.0113.
  • Gokceoglu E, Kucukoglu S. The relationship between insufficient milk perception and breastfeeding self-efficacy among Turkish mothers. Glob Health Promot. 2017;24(4):53-61. DOI:10.1177/1757975916635080.
  • Haroon S, Das JK, Salam RA, Imdad A, Bhutta ZA. Breastfeeding promotion interventions and breastfeeding practices: A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(3):20. DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S20.
  • Singh P. Sample size for experimental studies. J Clin Prev Cardiol. 2012;2:88-93.
  • Eksioglu A, Yesil Y, Ceber Turfan E. Adaptation of Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. J Educ Res Nurs. 2016;13(3):209-215.
  • Dennis CL, Faux S. Development and psychometric testing of the Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale. Res Nur Health. 1999;22(5):399-409. DOI:10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199910)22:5399::aid-nur63.0.co;2-4.
  • Tokat MA, Okumus H. How to improve nursing practices - Based on theory and model for successful breastfeeding. Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing 2008;3:51-58.
  • T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı. Emzirme Danışmanlığı El Kitabı. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Çocuk ve Ergen Sağlığı Dairesi. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu. Ankara; 2015. (Turkish).
  • United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Breastfeeding a mother's gift for every child. 2018. [Internet]. Published [May 2018]. Accessed [December 2022]. https://data.unicef.org/resources/breastfeeding-a-mothers-gift-for-every-child/.
  • Kellams AL, Gurka KK, Hornsby PP, Drake E, Riffon M, Gellerson D, Gulati G, Coleman V. The impact of a prenatal education video on rates of breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity during the newborn hospital stay in a low-income population. J Hum Lact. 2016;32(1):152-159. DOI:10.1177/0890334415599402.
  • Fair FJ, Ford GL, Soltani H. Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019(9): CD012099. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012099.pub2.
  • Su LL, Chong YS, Chan YH, Chan YS, Fok D, Tun KT, Ng FS, Rauff M. Antenatal education and postnatal support strategies for improving rates of exclusive breast feeding: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007; 335(7620):596. DOI:10.1136/bmj.39279.656343.55.
  • Mattar CN, Chong YS, Chan YS, Chew A, Tan P, Chan YH, Rauff MH. Simple antenatal preparation to improve breastfeeding practice: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(1):73-80. DOI:10.1097/01.aog.0000249613.15466.26.
  • Chekol DA, Biks GA, Gelaw YA, Melsew YA. Exclusive breastfeeding and mothers’ employment status in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. 2017;12:27. DOI:10.1186/s13006-017-0118-9.
  • Wong KL, Fong DY, Lee IL, Chu S, Tarrant M. Antenatal education to increase exclusive breastfeeding: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;124(5):961-968. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000481.
  • Sahin BB, Ozyurt BC. Manisa’da yarı-kentsel bir bölgede 0-24 ay çocuklarda anne sütü alma durumu ve beslenme alışkanlıkları. Turk J Public Health. 2017;15(3):164-175.
  • Hohman EE, Savage JS, Birch LL, Beiler JS, Paul IM. Pacifier use and early life weight outcomes in the intervention nurses start infants growing on healthy trajectories study. Child Obes. 2018;14(1):58-66. DOI:10.1089/chi.2017.0177.
  • Isaia M, Theodorou M, Galanis P, Nikolentzos A. Breastfeeding determinants in Cyprus: A cross-sectional study. J Neonatal Nurs. 2017;23:267-274. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnn.2017.05.004
  • World Health Organization. WHO and UNICEF issue new guidance to promote breastfeeding in health facilities globally [Internet]. Published [11 April 2018]. Accessed [December 2022]. https://www.who.int/News-Room/Detail/11-04-2018-Who-And-Unicef-Issue-New-Guidance-To-Promote-Breastfeeding-In-Health-Facilities-Globally
  • Mekuria G, Edris M. Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers in Debre Markos, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. 2015;10(1):1. DOI:10.1186/s13006-014-0027-0.
  • Arora A, Manohar N, Hayen A, Bhole S, Eastwood J, Levy S, Scott JA. Determinants of breastfeeding initiative among mothers in Sydney, Australia: Findings from a birth cohort study. Int Breastfeed J. 2017;12:39. DOI:10.1186/s13006-0.
  • Lisien CF, Fu JC, Long CY, Lin HS. Factors influencing breast symptoms in breastfeeding women after cesarean section delivery. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2011;5(2):88-98. DOI:10.1016/S1976-1317(11)60017-0.
  • Webber E, Wodwaski N, Courtney R. Using simulation to teach breastfeeding management skills and improve breastfeeding self-efficacy. J Perinat Educ. 2021;30(1):19-28. DOI:10.1891/J-PE-D-20-00013.
  • Sehhatie FS, Mirghafourvand M, Havizari S. Effect of prenatal counseling on exclusive breastfeeding frequency and infant weight gain in mothers with previous unsuccessful breastfeeding: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(21):3571-3578. DOI:10.1080/14767058.2019.1579191.
  • Gianni ML, Bezze EN, Sannino P, Baro M, Roggero P, Muscolo S, Plevani L, Mosca F. Maternal views on facilitators of and barriers to breastfeeding preterm infants. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18(1):283. DOI:10.1186/s12887-018-1260-2.
  • Tang K, Gerling K, Chen W, Geurts L. Information and communication sytems to tackle barriers to breastfeeding: Systematic search and review. J Medical Internet Res. 2019;21(9):e13947. DOI:10.2196/13947.
  • Motee A, Ramasawmy D, Pugo Gunsam P, Rajesh J. An assessment of the breastfeeding practices and infant feeding pattern among mothers in Mauritius. J Nutr Metab. 2013;2013:243852. DOI:10.1155/2013/243852.
  • Gokceoglu E, Kucukoglu S. Validity and reliability study of perception of insufficient milk supply questionnaire for Turkish society. INJIRR. 2018;2(2):15-20.
  • Kent JC, Ashton E, Hardwick CM, Rea A, Murray K, Geddes DT. Causes of perception of insufficient milk supply in Western Australian mothers. Matern Child Nutr. 2021;17(1):e13080. DOI:10.1111/mcn.13080.
  • Mulready Ward C, Hackett M. Perception and attitudes: Breastfeeding in public in New York city. J Hum Lact. 2014;30(2):195-200. DOI:10.1177/0890334414524988.
Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 146 - 153, 28.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1065762

Abstract

References

  • Abate AD, Hassen SL, Temesgen MM. Timely initiation of complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Dessie Zuria District, Northeast Ethiopia: a community- based cross-sectional study. Front. Pediatr. 2023;11:1062251. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1062251
  • Galipeau R, Baillot A, Trottier A, Lemire L. Effectiveness of interventions on breastfeeding self-efficacy and perceived insufficient milk supply: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Matern Child Nutr. 2018;14(3):e12607. DOI:10.1111/mcn.12607.
  • Younger Meek J, Hatcher AJ. The breastfeeding-friendly pediatric office practice. Pediatrics 2017;139(5):e20170647. DOI:10.1542/peds.2017-0647.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2012;129(3):827-41. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-3552
  • WHO. Infant and Young Child Feeding (2020) [Internet]. Published [9 June 2021]. Accessed [November 2021]. http://www.who.Int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ınfant-and-young-child-feeding.
  • Abdulahi M, Fretheim A, Magnus JH. Effect of breastfeeding education and support intervention (BFESI) versus routine care on timely initiation and exclusive breastfeeding in Southwest Ethiopia: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18(1):313. DOI:10.1186/s12887-018-1278-5.
  • Grummer Strawn LM, Rollins N. Summarising the health effects of breastfeeding. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(467):1-2. DOI:10.1111/apa.13136.
  • Modugno F, Goughnour SL, Wallack D, Edwards RP, Odunsi K, Kelley JL, Moysich K, Ness RB, Brooks MM. Breastfeeding factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2019;153(1):116-22. DOI:10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.01.017.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. “Doğum Öncesi Bakım Yönetim Rehberi ". Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 925, Ankara. 2018. (Turkish)
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması 2018 [Internet]. Published [November2019]Accessed[October2021].http://openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11655/23356/2018_TNSA_Ozet_Rapor.pdf sequence=1&isAllowed=y. (Turkish)
  • Koruk I, Gokceoglu S, Allahverdi S, Kuzen R. Level of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months in 0-24 months infants and children in a family health center in Sanliurfa and the factors affecting it. J Health Sci Res. 2019;4(1):1-11. DOI:10.18311/jhsr/2019/23330.
  • Demirci J, Kotzias V, Bogen DL, Ray KN, Uscher Pines L. Tele-lactation via mobile app: Perspectives of rural mothers, their care providers, and lactation consultants. Telemed J E Health. 2019;25(9):853-58. DOI:10.1089/tmj.2018.0113.
  • Gokceoglu E, Kucukoglu S. The relationship between insufficient milk perception and breastfeeding self-efficacy among Turkish mothers. Glob Health Promot. 2017;24(4):53-61. DOI:10.1177/1757975916635080.
  • Haroon S, Das JK, Salam RA, Imdad A, Bhutta ZA. Breastfeeding promotion interventions and breastfeeding practices: A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(3):20. DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S20.
  • Singh P. Sample size for experimental studies. J Clin Prev Cardiol. 2012;2:88-93.
  • Eksioglu A, Yesil Y, Ceber Turfan E. Adaptation of Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. J Educ Res Nurs. 2016;13(3):209-215.
  • Dennis CL, Faux S. Development and psychometric testing of the Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale. Res Nur Health. 1999;22(5):399-409. DOI:10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199910)22:5399::aid-nur63.0.co;2-4.
  • Tokat MA, Okumus H. How to improve nursing practices - Based on theory and model for successful breastfeeding. Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing 2008;3:51-58.
  • T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı. Emzirme Danışmanlığı El Kitabı. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Çocuk ve Ergen Sağlığı Dairesi. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu. Ankara; 2015. (Turkish).
  • United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Breastfeeding a mother's gift for every child. 2018. [Internet]. Published [May 2018]. Accessed [December 2022]. https://data.unicef.org/resources/breastfeeding-a-mothers-gift-for-every-child/.
  • Kellams AL, Gurka KK, Hornsby PP, Drake E, Riffon M, Gellerson D, Gulati G, Coleman V. The impact of a prenatal education video on rates of breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity during the newborn hospital stay in a low-income population. J Hum Lact. 2016;32(1):152-159. DOI:10.1177/0890334415599402.
  • Fair FJ, Ford GL, Soltani H. Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019(9): CD012099. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012099.pub2.
  • Su LL, Chong YS, Chan YH, Chan YS, Fok D, Tun KT, Ng FS, Rauff M. Antenatal education and postnatal support strategies for improving rates of exclusive breast feeding: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007; 335(7620):596. DOI:10.1136/bmj.39279.656343.55.
  • Mattar CN, Chong YS, Chan YS, Chew A, Tan P, Chan YH, Rauff MH. Simple antenatal preparation to improve breastfeeding practice: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(1):73-80. DOI:10.1097/01.aog.0000249613.15466.26.
  • Chekol DA, Biks GA, Gelaw YA, Melsew YA. Exclusive breastfeeding and mothers’ employment status in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. 2017;12:27. DOI:10.1186/s13006-017-0118-9.
  • Wong KL, Fong DY, Lee IL, Chu S, Tarrant M. Antenatal education to increase exclusive breastfeeding: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;124(5):961-968. DOI:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000481.
  • Sahin BB, Ozyurt BC. Manisa’da yarı-kentsel bir bölgede 0-24 ay çocuklarda anne sütü alma durumu ve beslenme alışkanlıkları. Turk J Public Health. 2017;15(3):164-175.
  • Hohman EE, Savage JS, Birch LL, Beiler JS, Paul IM. Pacifier use and early life weight outcomes in the intervention nurses start infants growing on healthy trajectories study. Child Obes. 2018;14(1):58-66. DOI:10.1089/chi.2017.0177.
  • Isaia M, Theodorou M, Galanis P, Nikolentzos A. Breastfeeding determinants in Cyprus: A cross-sectional study. J Neonatal Nurs. 2017;23:267-274. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnn.2017.05.004
  • World Health Organization. WHO and UNICEF issue new guidance to promote breastfeeding in health facilities globally [Internet]. Published [11 April 2018]. Accessed [December 2022]. https://www.who.int/News-Room/Detail/11-04-2018-Who-And-Unicef-Issue-New-Guidance-To-Promote-Breastfeeding-In-Health-Facilities-Globally
  • Mekuria G, Edris M. Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers in Debre Markos, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. 2015;10(1):1. DOI:10.1186/s13006-014-0027-0.
  • Arora A, Manohar N, Hayen A, Bhole S, Eastwood J, Levy S, Scott JA. Determinants of breastfeeding initiative among mothers in Sydney, Australia: Findings from a birth cohort study. Int Breastfeed J. 2017;12:39. DOI:10.1186/s13006-0.
  • Lisien CF, Fu JC, Long CY, Lin HS. Factors influencing breast symptoms in breastfeeding women after cesarean section delivery. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2011;5(2):88-98. DOI:10.1016/S1976-1317(11)60017-0.
  • Webber E, Wodwaski N, Courtney R. Using simulation to teach breastfeeding management skills and improve breastfeeding self-efficacy. J Perinat Educ. 2021;30(1):19-28. DOI:10.1891/J-PE-D-20-00013.
  • Sehhatie FS, Mirghafourvand M, Havizari S. Effect of prenatal counseling on exclusive breastfeeding frequency and infant weight gain in mothers with previous unsuccessful breastfeeding: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(21):3571-3578. DOI:10.1080/14767058.2019.1579191.
  • Gianni ML, Bezze EN, Sannino P, Baro M, Roggero P, Muscolo S, Plevani L, Mosca F. Maternal views on facilitators of and barriers to breastfeeding preterm infants. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18(1):283. DOI:10.1186/s12887-018-1260-2.
  • Tang K, Gerling K, Chen W, Geurts L. Information and communication sytems to tackle barriers to breastfeeding: Systematic search and review. J Medical Internet Res. 2019;21(9):e13947. DOI:10.2196/13947.
  • Motee A, Ramasawmy D, Pugo Gunsam P, Rajesh J. An assessment of the breastfeeding practices and infant feeding pattern among mothers in Mauritius. J Nutr Metab. 2013;2013:243852. DOI:10.1155/2013/243852.
  • Gokceoglu E, Kucukoglu S. Validity and reliability study of perception of insufficient milk supply questionnaire for Turkish society. INJIRR. 2018;2(2):15-20.
  • Kent JC, Ashton E, Hardwick CM, Rea A, Murray K, Geddes DT. Causes of perception of insufficient milk supply in Western Australian mothers. Matern Child Nutr. 2021;17(1):e13080. DOI:10.1111/mcn.13080.
  • Mulready Ward C, Hackett M. Perception and attitudes: Breastfeeding in public in New York city. J Hum Lact. 2014;30(2):195-200. DOI:10.1177/0890334414524988.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Models of Care and Place of Birth, Preventative Health Care
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sonay Gökçeoğlu 0000-0003-3219-7496

İbrahim Koruk 0000-0001-9564-2214

Emine Beyaz 0000-0002-1122-2317

Early Pub Date March 23, 2024
Publication Date March 28, 2024
Submission Date January 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gökçeoğlu, S., Koruk, İ., & Beyaz, E. (2024). The Effects of Antenatal Education on Level of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Two Months. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 14(1), 146-153. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1065762
AMA Gökçeoğlu S, Koruk İ, Beyaz E. The Effects of Antenatal Education on Level of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Two Months. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. March 2024;14(1):146-153. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1065762
Chicago Gökçeoğlu, Sonay, İbrahim Koruk, and Emine Beyaz. “The Effects of Antenatal Education on Level of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Two Months”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14, no. 1 (March 2024): 146-53. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1065762.
EndNote Gökçeoğlu S, Koruk İ, Beyaz E (March 1, 2024) The Effects of Antenatal Education on Level of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Two Months. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14 1 146–153.
IEEE S. Gökçeoğlu, İ. Koruk, and E. Beyaz, “The Effects of Antenatal Education on Level of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Two Months”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 146–153, 2024, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1065762.
ISNAD Gökçeoğlu, Sonay et al. “The Effects of Antenatal Education on Level of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Two Months”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 14/1 (March 2024), 146-153. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1065762.
JAMA Gökçeoğlu S, Koruk İ, Beyaz E. The Effects of Antenatal Education on Level of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Two Months. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2024;14:146–153.
MLA Gökçeoğlu, Sonay et al. “The Effects of Antenatal Education on Level of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Two Months”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024, pp. 146-53, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1065762.
Vancouver Gökçeoğlu S, Koruk İ, Beyaz E. The Effects of Antenatal Education on Level of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the First Two Months. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2024;14(1):146-53.

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