EFFECTS OF HARVESTING LEAVES FROM DIFFERENT HEIGHTS OF SUMMER SNOWFLAKE (Leucojum aestivum L.) ON BULB DEVELOPMENT AND GALANTHAMINE CONTENT
Year 2020,
Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 262 - 274, 31.12.2020
Gözde Küçük
,
Mehmet Uğur Yıldırım
Abstract
This research was carried out to optimize the optimum leaf length that could be used to obtain maximum galanthamine without damaging the growth of 9-10 g weight summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) during October 2017 and July 2019 for two years. The leaves were harvested at ground level, 5, 10, 15 cm above soil level and control (not harvested). Using a total of 600 bulbs, 30 bulbs were planted in each replication. Equally proportionate sand-soil substrate was used for planting. The length of leaf at harvest (cm), the number of leaves, the percentage of galanthamine in the leaves ranged 15.225-20.775 cm, 2.20-3.60 number, and 0.067-0.094% for the first year and it ranged 19.8-23.4 cm, 4.50-5.50 number, and 0.063-0.096% for the second year in the same order. In the second year, the amount of galanthamine in bulbs ranged from 0.326-0.376%. Harvesting the leaves from soil level negatively affected the bulb quantity and the least bulb was obtained. In control application without leaf harvest, one bulb weight and galanthamine amount reached the highest value. It has been determined that different leaf harvest heights have effects on bulb development and the amount of galanthamine in leaves and bulbs.
Thanks
This work is a part of the MSc study prepared by Gozde KUCUK, student no:174121005, Usak University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences. This study was presented as an oral presentation at the 13th National, 1th International Field Crops Conference (Antalya, TABKON 2019).
References
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- Cicek, E., Cetin, B., Ozbayram, A.K., Turkyılmaz, H., Effect of Desiccation, Temperature and Storage on the Germination of Snow Flake (Leucojum aestivum L.) Seeds, Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, ISSN: 2146-1880, e-ISSN: 2146-698X. 14(2) (2013), 245-252.
- Davis, P.H., Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh, Vol VIII, (1982), 364-365.
- Resmi gazete, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/12/20181212-7-1.pdf (Accessed October 04, 2019).
- Yildirim, M.U., Bulduk, I., Sarihan, E.O., Kucuk, G., Cin, T., Izmirli, A., Effects of Different Doses of Plant Growth Regulators on Some Characteristics of Summer Snowflakes (Leucojum aestivum L.), Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(sp2) (2019), 163-168. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp2.163-168.3191.
- Petruczynik, A., Misiurek, J., Tuzimski, T., Uszyński, R., Szymczak, G., Chernetsky, M., Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M., Comparison of different HPLC systems for analysis of galantamine and lycorine in various species of Amaryllidaceae family, Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologie, 39(12) (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2016.1204615
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- Ayan, A.K., Kurtar, E.S., Cırak, C., Kevseroglu, K., Bulb yield and some plant characters of summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) under shading as affected by GA3 and NAA at different concentrations. Journal of Agronmy. 3(4) (2004), 296-300. https://10.3923/ja.2004.296.300
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[
Kreh, M., Studies on galanthamine extraction from Narcissus and other Amaryllidaceae, ed Hanks G.R., Narcisus and Daffodil the Genus Narcissus, 277-293, Taylor & Francis, London, 2002.
- Cherkasov, O.A., Leucojum aestivum L. is prospective galanthamine containing species. In Resources of Wild Medicinal Plants of USSR, VILR, Minmedprom, Moscow,1975.
- Cherkasov, O.A., Stikhin, V.A., Savchuk, V.M., Galanthamine content in some Amaryllidaceae species of the flora of the Ukrainian SSR, Rastitel’nye Resursy, 20(4) (1984), 566–568.
- Gizba, D.K., Maisuradze, N.I., Margvelashvili, N.N., Gorbunova, G.M., Cherkasov, O.A., Galanthamine content in Leucojum aestivum L., growing in Abkhazia, Khimiko-Farmazevticheskii Zhurnal, 16(2) (1982), 195–196.
- Cherkasov, O.A., Tokhtabaeva, G.M., Margvelashvili, N.N., Maisuradze, N.I., Tolkachev, O.N., Content of galanthamine in some cultivars of Narcissus hybridus hort, Rastitel’nye Resursy, 24(3) (1988), 414–420.
- Cherkasov, O.A., Maisuradze, N.I., Glyzina, G.S., Gaevsky, A.V., Galanthamine content in some Narcissus hybridus hort. Populations, Rastitel’nye Resursy, 29(4) (1993), 81–87.
- Gussev, C.H., Bosseva, Y., Pandova, B., Yanev, S., Stanilova, M., Resource asseement of Leucojum aestivum L. (Amaryllidaceae) populations in Bulgaria, Bocconea, 21 (2007), 405-411.
Year 2020,
Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 262 - 274, 31.12.2020
Gözde Küçük
,
Mehmet Uğur Yıldırım
References
- Nuhungemisi, Nuh’un Gemisi. Ulusal Biyolojik Cesitlilik Veritabanı. Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarım ve Orman Bakanlıgı, http://www.nuhungemisi.gov.tr/ Library/TurkiyeBiyocesitlilik (Accessed November 28, 2019).
- Kaya, E., Geophytes of Turkey, Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute, Volume 1, Edition No: 96, Yalova, 2014.
- Parolo, G., Abeli, T., Rossi, G., Dowgiallo, G., Matthies, D., Biological flora of Central Europe: Leucojum aestivum L. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 13 (4) (2011), 319–330. https://doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2011.05.004.
- Klosi, R., Mersinllari, M., Gavani, E., Galantamine content in Leucojum aestivum populations grown in northwest Albania Rilinda, Albanian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(1) (2016), 1-3. ISSN 2313-1772.
- Davis, P.H., Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands, Vol: I-VIII, (1965-1984). Edinburg.
- Zencirkiran, M., Geofitler, Uludağ Rotary Derneği Yayınları, 975-93004-0-0, Bursa, 2002.
- Seyidoglu, N., Propagation With Chipping Technique In Leucojum aestivum L., Bartın Orman Fakultesi Dergisi, 11(16) (2009), 7-11. ISSN: 1302-0943 EISSN: 1308-5875.
- Luttmann, E., Linnemann, E., Fels, G., Galanthamine, as bis-functional ligand for the acetylcholinesterase, Journal of Molecular Modeling, 8(6)(2002), 208–216. https://doi:10.1007/s00894-002-0086-9
- Berkov, S., Codina, C., Viladomat, F., Bastida, J., N-Alkylated galanthamine derivatives: potent acetylcholinestherase inhibitors from Leucojum aestivum, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 18 (7) (2008), 2263–2266. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.008.
- Berkov, S., Pavlov, A., Georgiev, V., Bastida, J., Burrus, M., Ilieva, M., Codina, C., Alkaloid Synthesis and Accumulation in Leucojum aestivum in vitro Cultures, Natural Product Communications, 4(3) (2009a), 359–364.
- Bastida, J., Berkov, S. Torras, L., Pigni, N.B., de Andrade, J.P., Martı´-nez, V., Codina, C., Viladomat, F., Chemical and biological aspects of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, ed. Mun˜oz-Torrero D, Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Transworld Research Network, 37(2) (2011), 65–100. ISBN: 978-81-7895-528-5.
- Heinrich, M., Lee Teoh, H., Galanthamine from snowdrop-the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer’s disease from local Caucasian knowledge, Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 92(2-3) (2004), 147–162. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.012.
- Szlavik, L., Gyuris, A., Forgo, P., Molnar, J., Hohmann, J., Alkaloids from Leucojum vernum and antiretroviral activity of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, Planta Medica, 70 (90) (2004), 871–873. https://doi: 10.1055/s-2004-827239.
- Villaroya, M., Garcia, A.G., Marco-Contelles, J., Lopez, M.G., An up-date on the pharmacology of galanthamine, Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs,16(12) (2007), 1987-1998. https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.16.12.1987
- Berkov, S., Georgieva, L., Kondakova, V., Atanassov, A., Viladomat, F., Bastida, J., Codina, C., Plant Sources of Galanthamine: Phytochemical and Biotechnological Aspects, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 23(2) (2009b), 1170-1176, https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2009.10817633
- Takos, A.M., Rook, F., Towards a molecular understanding of the biosynthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in support of their expanding medical use, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(6) (2013), 11713-11741. https://doi: 10.3390/ijms140611713
- Hudson, J.B., Lee, M.K., Sener, B., Erdemoglu, N., Antiviral activities in extracts of Turkish medicinal plants, Pharmaceutical Biology, 38(3) (2000), 171-175. https://10.1076/1388-0209(200007)3831-SFT171
- Eichhorn, J., Takada, T., Kita, Y., Zenk, M.H., Biosynthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid Galanthamine, Phytochemistry, 49(4) (1998), 1037-1047.
- Berkov, S., Georgieva, L., Kondakova, V., Viladomat, F., Bastida, J., Atanassov, A., Codina, C., The geographic isolation of Leucojum aestivum populations leads to divergation of alkaloid biosynthesis, Biochemical Systematic and Ecology, 46(1) (2013), 152-161.
- Georgieva, L., Berkov, S., Kondakova, V., Bastida, J., Viladomat, F., Atanassov, A., Codina, C., Alkaloid Variability in Leucojum aestivum from Wild Populations. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, A Journal of Biosciences, 62(9-10) (2014), 627-635. Retrieved 27 Oct. 2019, from https://doi:10.1515/znc-2007-9-1002.
- Cicek, E., Cetin, B., Ozbayram, A.K., Turkyılmaz, H., Effect of Desiccation, Temperature and Storage on the Germination of Snow Flake (Leucojum aestivum L.) Seeds, Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, ISSN: 2146-1880, e-ISSN: 2146-698X. 14(2) (2013), 245-252.
- Davis, P.H., Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh, Vol VIII, (1982), 364-365.
- Resmi gazete, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/12/20181212-7-1.pdf (Accessed October 04, 2019).
- Yildirim, M.U., Bulduk, I., Sarihan, E.O., Kucuk, G., Cin, T., Izmirli, A., Effects of Different Doses of Plant Growth Regulators on Some Characteristics of Summer Snowflakes (Leucojum aestivum L.), Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(sp2) (2019), 163-168. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp2.163-168.3191.
- Petruczynik, A., Misiurek, J., Tuzimski, T., Uszyński, R., Szymczak, G., Chernetsky, M., Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M., Comparison of different HPLC systems for analysis of galantamine and lycorine in various species of Amaryllidaceae family, Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologie, 39(12) (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2016.1204615
- Cherkasov, O.A., Tolkachev, O.N., Narcissus and other Amaryllidaceae as sources of galanthamine, ed. Hanks G.R., Narcisus and Daffodil the Genus Narcissus, 242-255, Taylor & Francis, London. 2002.
- Ayan, A.K., Kurtar, E.S., Cırak, C., Kevseroglu, K., Bulb yield and some plant characters of summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) under shading as affected by GA3 and NAA at different concentrations. Journal of Agronmy. 3(4) (2004), 296-300. https://10.3923/ja.2004.296.300
- Galantaminehydrobromide, The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Galantamine Hydrobromide Monograph; Revision Bulletin Official Monographs/Galantamine 1 Official December 15, (2008) 1-2. https://www.uspnf.com/sites/default/files/usp_pdf/EN/USPNF/revisions/galantamineHydrobromideRevisionBulletin.pdf.
- Duzgunes, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O., Gurbuz, F., Araştırma ve Deneme Metotları (Istatistik Metodları II). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No: 1021, Ders Kitabı: 295, Ankara, 1987.
[
Kreh, M., Studies on galanthamine extraction from Narcissus and other Amaryllidaceae, ed Hanks G.R., Narcisus and Daffodil the Genus Narcissus, 277-293, Taylor & Francis, London, 2002.
- Cherkasov, O.A., Leucojum aestivum L. is prospective galanthamine containing species. In Resources of Wild Medicinal Plants of USSR, VILR, Minmedprom, Moscow,1975.
- Cherkasov, O.A., Stikhin, V.A., Savchuk, V.M., Galanthamine content in some Amaryllidaceae species of the flora of the Ukrainian SSR, Rastitel’nye Resursy, 20(4) (1984), 566–568.
- Gizba, D.K., Maisuradze, N.I., Margvelashvili, N.N., Gorbunova, G.M., Cherkasov, O.A., Galanthamine content in Leucojum aestivum L., growing in Abkhazia, Khimiko-Farmazevticheskii Zhurnal, 16(2) (1982), 195–196.
- Cherkasov, O.A., Tokhtabaeva, G.M., Margvelashvili, N.N., Maisuradze, N.I., Tolkachev, O.N., Content of galanthamine in some cultivars of Narcissus hybridus hort, Rastitel’nye Resursy, 24(3) (1988), 414–420.
- Cherkasov, O.A., Maisuradze, N.I., Glyzina, G.S., Gaevsky, A.V., Galanthamine content in some Narcissus hybridus hort. Populations, Rastitel’nye Resursy, 29(4) (1993), 81–87.
- Gussev, C.H., Bosseva, Y., Pandova, B., Yanev, S., Stanilova, M., Resource asseement of Leucojum aestivum L. (Amaryllidaceae) populations in Bulgaria, Bocconea, 21 (2007), 405-411.