Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Use of anti-transpirant in maize cultivation as a potential novel approach to combat drought stress in the wake of climate change. A systematic review

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 68 - 89, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.59838/etoxec.1321043

Abstract

The maize crop is highly dependent on rainfall and it is sensitive to drought. However, the planet is experiencing frequent droughts due to climate change which is adversely impacting on the food production. It is crucial that the agricultural sector is adapted to the negative consequences of climate change. The antitranspirants which reduce the water loss through transpiration could be potential novel approach to ameliorate the effects drought on rain fed maize cultivation in most of the countries around the globe. This review has analysed the effects of antitranspirants on the growth, yields, and pathogens and diseases that affect the maize plants and on environment.It has found that antitranspirants help to improve vegetative growth and biological yield of the maize plant by reducing the transpiration rate and improving water use efficiency of the plants. The review has found that chitosan and the fulvic acid have been extensively studied on maize as compared to other antitranspirants .Therefore, antitranspirants could be used to ameliorate the effects of drought on maize crops but there is need to do a cost benefit analysis on whether it is economically viable to use antitranspirants on food crops with low market value like maize. Di-1-p-menthene is reported to cost less money as such there is need to research on how this antitranspirant ameliorate the effects of water stress on maize .There is also a need to research on proper timing of the application of the antitranspirants to the maize plant under dress.

References

  • [1] A. Bawa, “Yield and growth response of maize (Zea mays L.) to varietal and nitrogen application in the Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecology of Ghana’’, Advances in Agriculture, 1–8, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1765251
  • [2] A. Hossain, M. Tanjina Islam, M. Shohidul Islam, S. Nurislam, Ahmed, K. Kumer Sarker, and M. Kumar Gathala, “Chemical weed management in maize (Zea mays L.) under conservation agricultural systems: An outlook of the Eastern Gangetic plains in south- Asia”,In A. Hossain (Ed.),Maize-Production and Use. IntechOpen, (pp.1-14) 2019. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89030
  • [3] C. M. Parihar, S. L. Jat, A. K. Singh, R. S. Kumar, K. S. Hooda, C. GK, and D. K. Singh,“Maize production technologies in India”, 2011. https://rb.gy/i4pei
  • [4] G. Petrović, T. Ivanović, D. Knežević, A. Radosavac, I. Obhođaš, T. Brzaković, and T. Dragičević Radičević, “Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Maize Production in Serbia”.Atmosphere, vol14 (1), 110, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010110
  • [5] C. B. Field, V Barros, T. F. Stocker, and Q. Dahe, “Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation: special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change”, 2012.Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139177245
  • [6] W. A. Atiah, L. K. Amekudzi, R. A. Akum, E. Quansah, P.,Antwi‐Agyei, and S. K. . Danuor, “Climate variability and impacts on maize (Zea mays) yield in Ghana,” West Africa. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol. 148(742), 185-198, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4199
  • [7] D. B .Lobell, M. J. Roberts, W. Schlenker, N. Braun, B. B. Little, R. M. Rejesus, and G. L. Hammer,”Greater sensitivity to drought accompanies maize yield increase in the US Midwest”. Science, vol.344 (6183), 516-519, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1251423
  • [8] M. F .Seleiman, N. Al-Suhaibani, N. Ali, M. Akmal, M.Alotaibi, Y.Refay, T. Dindaroglu, H. H. Abdul-Wajid, & M. L. Battaglia, “Drought stress impacts on plants and different approaches to alleviate its adverse effects”. Plants, vol.10 (2), 259, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020259
  • [9] M. L .Battaglia, C. Lee, and W.Thomason, “Corn yield components and yield responses to defoliation at different row widths”. Agronomy Journal, vol.110 (1), 210–225, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.06.0322
  • [10] M.K Joshua,C. Ngongondo,F. Chipungu, M. Monjerezi, E. Liwenga, A.E. Majule, T.Stathers, and R. Lamboll,”Climate change in semi-arid Malawi: Perceptions, adaptation strategies and water governance”. Jamba (Potchefstroom, South Africa), vol.8 (3), 1-10, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v8i3.255
  • [11] N. Ortiz, E. Armada, E. Duque, A. Roldán, and R. Azcón, “Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or bacteria to enhancing plant drought tolerance under natural soil conditions: effectiveness of autochthonous or allochthonous strains”. Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.174, 87–96, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2014.08.019
  • [12] R. Shemi, R. Wang,E.S.M.S Gheith,H.A Hussain, L.Cholidah, K. Zhang,S. Zhang, and L.Wang, “Role of exogenous-applied salicylic acid, zinc and glycine betaine to improve drought-tolerance in wheat during reproductive growth stages”. BMC Plant Biology, vol. 21(1), 574, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03367-x
  • [13] C.M. Wainwright, E. Black, and R.P. Allan, “Future changes in wet and dry season characteristics in CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations”, Journal of Hydrometeorology, vol. 22(9), 2339-2357, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-21-0017.1
  • [14] A .Ayanlade, M.Radeny, and A.I. Akin-Onigbinde, “Climate variability/change and attitude to adaptation technologies: a pilot study among selected rural farmers’ communities in Nigeria”, GeoJournal, vol. 83(2), 319-331, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-0179771-1
  • [15] H. Chikoore, and M.R. Jury, “South African drought, deconstructed. Weather and Climate Extremes”, Vol.33, 100334, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2021.100334
  • [16] B. Bradshaw, H. Dolan, and B. Smit, “Farm-level adaptation to climatic variability and change: Crop diversification in the Canadian prairies”, Climatic Change, vol.67 (1), 119–141, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-004-0710-z
  • [17] J. Wang, R. Mendelsohn,A. Dinar,J. Huang, S. Rozelle, and L.Zhang ,”The impact of climate change on China’s agriculture. Agricultural Economics (Amsterdam, Netherlands), vol.40 (3), 323–337, 2009.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15740862.2009.00379.x
  • [18] S. Asfaw, and L. Lipper, Economics of PGRFA management for adaptation to climate change: a review of selected literature,” Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. FAO, Rome, Italy, 2011. https://rb.gy/edxj4
  • [19] K. Urama, and N. Ozor, “Agricultural innovations for climate change adaptation and food security in western and central Africa,” Agro-Science, vol.10 (1), 2011. https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v10i1.68717
  • [20] S.S. Ngigi, “Climate change adaptation strategies: Water resources management options for smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa,” The Earth Institute at Columbia University, 2009. https://rb.gy/s4rf5
  • [21] M.G.P. Ibrahim, and R.S Alex, “The impact of changing environmental conditions on vulnerable communities in the Shire valley, southern Malawi,” In the Future of Drylands, pp. 545–559, 2008. Springer Netherlands. https://rb.gy/4784t
  • [22] O.M. Akinnagbe, and I. J. Irohibe,” Agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change impacts in Africa: a review,” Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, vol.39 (3), 407–418, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21984
  • [23] A.Challinor, T. Wheeler,C. Garforth, P. Craufurd, and A. Kassam, “Assessing the vulnerability of food crop systems in Africa to climate change. Climatic Change,” Vol. 83(3), 381–399, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9249-0
  • [24] S.M .Howden, J.F. Soussana,F.N. Tubiello,N. Chhetri, M. Dunlop, and H. Meinke,” Adapting agriculture to climate change,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol.104(50),19691–19696, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701890104
  • [25] E. Bryan, T.T. Deressa, G.A. Gbetibouo, and C. Ringler, “Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints,” Environmental Science & Policy, Vol. 12(4), 413–426, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2008.11.002
  • [26] N.A. Eckardt, E. Cominelli, M. Galbiati, and C. Tonelli, “The future of science: food and water for life,” 2009. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.066209
  • [27] M.W. Rosegrant, and S.A Cline, “Global food security: challenges and policies, “Science (New York, N.Y.), vol 302(5652), 1917–1919, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092958
  • [28] P. Reidsma, and F. Ewert, “Regional farm diversity can reduce vulnerability of food production to climate change,” Ecology and Society: A Journal of Integrative Science for Resilience and Sustainability, vol.13 (1), 2008. https://doi.org/10.5751/es-02476-130138
  • [29] P. Kurukulasuriya, and S. Rosenthal, “Climate change and agriculture,” World Bank Environment Department Paper, vol. 91, 2003. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16616
  • [30] A. Lema, and E. Majule,” Impacts of climate change, variability and adaptation strategies on agriculture in semi-arid areas of Tanzania: The case of Manyoni District in Singida Region, Tanzania,” African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 3(8), 206–218, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest09.099
  • [31] J.J. McCarthy, O. F. Canziani, N. Leary, D. J. Dokken, and K. S. White, “Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: Contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, 2001 ,”Cambridge University Press. https://tinyurl.com/469pzerw
  • [32] N.A.A. El-Azm, and S.MS. Youssef, “Spraying potassium silicate and sugar beet molasses on tomato plants minimizes transpiration, relieves drought stress and rationalizes water use,” Middle East J, Vol.4(4), 1047-1064, 2015. https://rb.gy/2icce
  • [33] M. Prakash, and K. Ramachandran,” Effects of moisture stress and anti-transpirants on leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein and photosynthetic rate in brinjal plants,”Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, vol.184 (3), 153-156, 2000.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2000.00330.x
  • [34] A.S Abdullah, M.M. Aziz, K.H.M. Siddique, and K.C. Flower, “Film antitranspirants increase yield in drought stressed wheat plants by maintaining high grain number,” Agricultural Water Management, vol.159, 11–18, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.018
  • [35] C.J. Rhodes, “Feeding and healing the world: through regenerative agriculture and permaculture,”Science Progress, vol.95 (4), 345–446, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3184/003685012X13504990668392
  • [36] R. Topak, S. Süheri, and B. Acar, “Effect of different drip irrigation regimes on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield, quality and water use efficiency in Middle Anatolian, Turkey,” Irrigation Science, vol.29 (1), 79–89, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-010-0219-3
  • [37] L. Levidow, D. Zaccaria,R. Maia, E. Vivas, M. Todorovic, and A. Scardigno, “Improving water-efficient irrigation: Prospects and difficulties of innovative practices,” Agricultural Water Management, vol. 146, 84–94, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.07.012
  • [38] M. Bittelli, M. Flury, G.S. Campbell, and E.J. Nichols, “Reduction of transpiration through foliar application of chitosan,” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.107 (3), 167–175, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00242-2
  • [39] M. Iriti, M. Sironi, S. Gomarasca, A.P Casazza, C. Soave, and F. Faoro, “Cell death-mediated antiviral effect of chitosan in tobacco,”Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Vol. 44(11–12). 893–900, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.10.009
  • [40] F.M. Del Amor, P. Cuadra-Crespo, D.J. Walker, J.M. Cámara, and R. Madrid, “Effect of foliar application of antitranspirant on photosynthesis and water relations of pepper plants under different levels of CO2 and water stress,” Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.167 (15), 1232-1238, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2010.04.010
  • [41] J. Kocięcka, D. Liberacki, J.M. Kupiec, M. Stróżecki, and P. Dłużewski, “Effects of Silicon Application and Groundwater Level in a Subirrigation System on Yield of a Three-Cut Meadow,” Water, Vol. 15(11), 2103. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15112103
  • [42] W.Mphande, P.S Kettlewell, I.G Grove, and A.D. Farrell, “The potential of antitranspirants in drought management of arable crops: A review,” Agricultural Water Management, 236, 106-143, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106143
  • [43] P.S Kettlewell, and J.R. Holloway, “Connecting developmental and process physiology to improve yield of draughted wheat with a film antitranspirant,”Aspects of Applied Biology, No.105, 23-24, 2010. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20123411786
  • [44] V. G. Shweta, “Antitranspirants: An effective approach to mitigate the stress in field crops,” International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, vol.9 (5), 1671–1678, 2020. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.905.188
  • [45] D. M. Glenn, “The mechanisms of plant stress mitigation by kaolin-based particle films and applications in horticultural and agricultural crops,” HortScience: A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science, vol.47 (6), 710–711,2012. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.6.710
  • [46] F. Zhao, D. Zhang, Y. Zhao, W. Wang, H. Yang, F. Tai, C. Li, and X. Hu, “The difference of physiological and proteomic changes in maize leaves adaptation to drought, heat, and combined both stresses,” Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol.7, 2-19, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01471
  • [47] H.A. Hussain, S. Men, S. Hussain, Y. Chen, S. Ali, S. Zhang, K. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Xu, C. Liao, and L. Wang, “Interactive effects of drought and heat stresses on morpho-physiological attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and oxidative status in maize hybrids,” Scientific Reports, vol.9 (1), 1-12, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40362-7
  • [48] K. Agyeman, I. Osei-Bonsu, J.N Berchie, S. Yeboah, L.M. Tengan, P. Marno, A. Adjei, and M. Apraku,” Yield and growth performance of drought tolerant maize varieties in the Forest-Savanna transition zone of Ghana.,” Agricultural and Food Science Journal of Ghana, vol.13, 1237–1246, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4314/afsjg.v13i1
  • [49] S.A Saseendran, L.R. Ahuja, L. Ma, and T.J. Trout, “Modeling for best management of the effects of irrigation frequencies, initial water, and nitrogen on corn,” Practical Applications of Agricultural System Models to Optimize the Use of Limited Water, vol.5, 25-52, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2134/advagricsystmodel5.c2
  • [50] R.P. Sah, M. Chakraborty, K. Prasad, M. Pandit,V.K. Tudu, M.K. Chakravarty, S.C. Narayan, M. Rana, and D. Moharana, “Impact of water deficit stress in maize: Phenology and yield components,” Scientific Reports, vol.10 (1), 2944, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59689-7
  • [51] Y. Lu, Z. Hao, C. Xie, J. Crossa, J.L. Araus, S. Gao, B.S Vivek, C. Magorokosho, S. Mugo, D. Makumbi, S. Taba, G. Pan, X. Li, T. Rong, S. Zhang, and Y. Xu, “Large-scale screening for maize drought resistance using multiple selection criteria evaluated under water-stressed and well-watered environments,” Field Crops Research, Vol. 124(1), 37–45, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.06.003
  • [52] G.O Edmeades, “Progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in maize-an update,” ISAAA: Ithaca, NY, 130, 2013. https://rb.gy/2nt2k
  • [53] M. Aslam, M.A., Maqbool, and R. Cengiz,” Drought Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.),” Springer International Publishing, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25442-5
  • [54] M. Farooq, A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D., Fujita, and S.M.A Basra, “Plant drought stress: Effects, mechanisms and management,” In Sustainable Agriculture (pp. 153–188), 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_12
  • [55] A.Y Kamara, A. Menkir, B. Badu-Apraku, and O. Ibikunle,”The influence of drought stress on growth, yield and yield components of selected maize genotypes,” The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.141 (1), 43–50, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859603003423
  • [56] H. Min, C. Chen, S. Wei, X. Shang, M. Sun, R. Xia, X. Liu, D. Hao, H. Chen, and Q. Xie, “Identification of drought tolerant mechanisms in maize seedlings based on transcriptome analysis of recombination inbred lines,” Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol.7, 1080, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01080
  • [57] R.Çakir, “Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn,” Field Crops Research, vol. 89(1), 1–16, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.01.005
  • [58] K. Djaman, S. Irmak,W.R. Rathje,D.L. Martin, and D.E. Eisenhauer, “Maize evapotranspiration, yield production functions, biomass, grain yield, harvest index, and yield response factors under full and limited irrigation,” Transactions of the ASABE, vol. 56(2), 373-393, 2013. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.42676
  • [59] S.A. Anjum, X. Xie, L.C. Wang, M.F. Saleem, C. Man, and W. Lei, “Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress,” African journal of agricultural research, vol.6 (9), 2026-2032, 2011. doi:10.5897/AJAR10.027
  • [60] F.Baret,S. Madec, K. Irfan, J. Lopez, A. Comar,M. Hemmerlé, D. Dutartre, S. Praud, and M.H. Tixier, “Leaf-rolling in maize crops: from leaf scoring to canopy-level measurements for phenotyping,” Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 69(10),2705–2716,2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery071
  • [61] T. Ge,F. Sui, L. Bai, C. Tong, and N. Sun ,”Effects of water stress on growth, biomass partitioning, and water-use efficiency in summer maize (Zea mays L.) throughout the growth cycle,” Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, vol. 34(3),1043–1053,2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-011-0901-y
  • [62] S. Pokhrel, “Effects of drought stress on the physiology and yield of the maize: a review, ”Food and Agri Economics Review (FAER), vol.1 (1), 36-40, 2021. http://doi.org/10.26480/faer.01.2021.36.40
  • [63] J.S. Boyer, and M.E. Westgate, “Grain yields with limited water,” Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 55(407), 2385–2394, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh219
  • [64] S.A. Anjum, L.C. Wang, M. Farooq, M. Hussain, L.L. Xue, and C.M. Zou, “Brassinolide application improves the drought tolerance in maize through modulation of enzymatic antioxidants and leaf gas exchange,”Journal of Agronomy and crop science, vol.197 (3), 177-185, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439037X.2010.00459.x
  • [65] M. Benešová, D. Holá, L. Fischer, P.L. Jedelský, F. Hnilička, N. Wilhelmová, O. Rothová, M. Kočová, D. Procházková, J. Honnerová, L. Fridrichová, and H. Hniličková, “The physiology and proteomics of drought tolerance in maize: early stomatal closure as a cause of lower tolerance to short-term dehydration?” PloS One, vol. 7(6), e38017, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038017
  • [66] M.S. Lopes, J.L Araus, P.D.R van Heerden, and C.H. Foyer, “Enhancing drought tolerance in C (4) crops,” Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.62 (9), 3135–3153, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err105
  • [67] B. Wang, C. Liu, D. Zhang, C. He, J. Zhang , and Z. Li, “Effects of maize organ-specific drought stress response on yields from transcriptome analysis,” BMC Plant Biology, Vol. 19(1),1-19 2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1941-5
  • [68] M. M. Chaves, J. Flexas, and C. Pinheiro,”Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell,” Annals of Botany, vol.103 (4), 551–560, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn125
  • [69] L. Serna, “Maize stomatal responses against the climate change,” Frontiers in Plant Science, vol.13, 1-9, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.952146
  • [70] T. Parthasarathi, K. Vanitha, and G. Velu, “Physiological impacts of soil moisture stress and plant population on leaf gas exchange and radiation use of maize,” International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, vol.5 (4), 77-385, 2012. https://rb.gy/jpxe3
  • [71] S. Bayat, and A. Sepehri, “Paclobutrazol and salicylic acid application ameliorates the negative effect of water stress on growth and yield of maize plants,”Journal of Research in Agricultural Science vol. 8(2)127- 139, 2012. https://rb.gy/olzln
  • [72] M. Kamran, S. Wennan, I. Ahmad, M. Xiangping, C. Wenwen, Z. Xudong, M. Siwei, A. Khan, H. Qingfang, and L. Tiening, “Application of paclobutrazol affect maize grain yield by regulating root morphological and physiological characteristics under a semi-arid region,” Scientific Reports, vol. 8(1), 1–15, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23166-z
  • [73] O.Q.A. Ulameer, and S.S.A Ahmed, “Anti-transpirant role in improving the morphological growth traits of maize plants subjected to water stress,” Research on Crops, vol.19 (4), 593-603, 2018. https://rb.gy/qekzy
  • [74] D. Ghazi, “Impact of drought stress on maize (Zea mays) plant in presence or absence of salicylic acid spraying,” Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, vol.8(6), 223- 229, 2017. https://doi.org/10.21608/JSSAE.2017.37382
  • [75] I. Ahmad, S.M.A. Basra, and A. Wahid, “Exogenous application of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide improves the productivity of hybrid maize at low temperature stress,” Int. J. Agric. Biol, vol. 16(4), 825-830, 2014. http://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/41448_..pdf
  • [76] A.S.M. Morsy, and H.M Mehanna, “Beneficial effects of antitranspirants on water stress tolerance in maize under different plant densities in newly reclaimed land,” Bulletin of the National Research Centre, vol.46 (2-17), 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-022-00934-6
  • [77] Gomaa, M. A., E. E., A. A. M. Z. Kandil, El-Dein, M. E. M. Abou-Donia, H. M. Ali, and N. R A. bdelsalam, “Increase maize productivity and water use efficiency through application of potassium silicate under water stress,” Scientific Reports, vol.11 (1), 1-8, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80656-9
  • [78] S. I. Shedeed, “Assessing effect of potassium silicate consecutive application on forage maize plants (Zea mays L.),” Journal of Innovations in Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, vol.5 (2), 119-127, 2018. https://jipbs.com/index.php/journal/article/view/321/290
  • [79] M. M. A. Mondal, A. B. Puteh, N. C. Dafader, M. Y. Rafii, and M. A. Malek. "Foliar application of chitosan improves growth and yield in maize." J. Food Agric. Environment, vol.11, (2), 520- 523, 2013.. https://rb.gy/6lg8v
  • [80] Y.J Guan, J. Hu, X.J. Wang, and C.X. Shao, “Seed priming with chitosan improves maize germination and seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under low temperature stress,” Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, vol. 10(6), 427–433, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0820373
  • [81] V. Saharan, R.V Kumaraswamy,R.C. Choudhary, S. Kumari, A. Pal, A., R. Raliya, and P. Biswas, “Cu-chitosan nanoparticle mediated sustainable approach to enhance seedling growth in maize by mobilizing reserved food,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.64 (31), 6148–6155, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02239
  • [82] D.Y. Nakasato,A.E.S Pereira, J.L. Oliveira, H.C. Oliveira, and L.F. Fraceto, “Evaluation of the effects of polymeric chitosan/tripolyphosphate and solid lipid nanoparticles on germination of Zea mays, Brassica rapa and Pisum sativum,” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol. 142, 369–374,2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.033
  • [83] E.G. Lizárraga-Paulín, S.P. Miranda-Castro, E. Moreno-Martínez, A.V. Lara-Sagahón, and I. Torres-Pacheco, “Maize seed coatings and seedling sprayings with chitosan and hydrogen peroxide: their influence on some phenological and biochemical behaviors,” Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, Vol. 14(2), 87–96, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1200270
  • [84] M. Peña-Datoli,C.M.I Hidalgo-Moreno, V.A. González-Hernández, E.G. Alcántar-González, and J.D. Etchevers-Barra, “Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed coating with chitosan and sodium alginate and its effect on root development,” Agrociencia Vol.50 (8), 1091–1106, 2016. https://rb.gy/p7cyh
  • [85] M. Martins,M. Carvalho, D.T Carvalho, S. Barbosa, A.C. Doriguetto, P.C Magalhaes, and C. Ribeiro, “Physicochemical characterization of chitosan and its effects on early growth, cell cycle and root anatomy of transgenic and non-transgenic maize hybrids,”Australian Journal of Crop Science,vol.12(1),56-66, 2018. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.45go44563320158
  • [86] W.M. Khan, B. Prithiviraj, and D.L Smith, “Effect of foliar application of chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides on photosynthesis of maize and soybean,” Photosynthetica, vol.40 (4), 621–624, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1024320606812
  • [87] W., Li, P. Yang, S. Guo, R. Song, and J. Yu, “Co-application of soil superabsorbent polymer and foliar fulvic acid to increase tolerance to water deficit maize: photosynthesis, water parameters, and proline,” Chilean journal of agricultural research, 79(3), 435-446, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392019000300435
  • [88] M. Gomaa, I. Fathallah Rehab, E. E. Kandil, and A. M. M. Ali, “Using of Potassium Silicate to Alleviate Drought Stress Effect on Peanut as Grown in Sandy Soil,” Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, vol.26 (3), 109-119, 2021. https://doi.org/10.21608/jalexu.2021.179977
  • [89] E. E. Kandi, A.A. M. Zen El-Dein, and M.E.M Abou-Donia, “Effect of irrigation intervals and foliar application of potassium silicate on growth of maize,” Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, H. Botany, vol.11 (1), 103-109, 2020. https://journals.ekb.eg/article_122139.html
  • [90] A. Parveen, W. Liu, S. Hussain, J. Asghar, S. Perveen, and Y. Xiong, “Silicon priming regulates morpho-physiological growth and oxidative metabolism in maize under drought stress,” Plants, vol.8 (10), 1-14, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8100431
  • [91] M. Hussain, M.A. Malik, M. Farooq, M.B. Khan, M. Akram, and M.F. Saleem, “Exogenous glycinebetaine and salicylic acid application improves water relations, allometry and quality of hybrid sunflower under water deficit conditions,” Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, vol.195 (2), 98–109, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.2008.00354.x
  • [92] W. Khan, B. Prithiviraj, and D.L. Smith, “Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates,”Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.160 (5), 485–492, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00865
  • [93] W. Yang, P. Li, S. Guo, R. Song, and J. Yu, “Co-application of soil superabsorbent polymer and foliar fulvic acid to increase tolerance to water deficit maize: photosynthesis, water parameters, and proline,” Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 79(3), 435–446, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392019000300435
  • [94] D.V.B Reddy, N. Ramesh, S. Manimaran, and P. Thangavel, “Effect of organic mulches and foliar spray of kaolin on NPK uptake in enhancing yield and economics of dry land maize (Zea mays L.),” Journal of Applied and Natural Science, vol. 15(1), 116-119, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i1.4192
  • [95] A. Kumar, K.S. Rana, D.S. Rana, R.S Bana, A.K Choudhary, and V. Pooniya, “Effect of nutrient-and moisture-management practices on crop productivity, water-use efficiency and energy dynamics in rainfed maize (Zea mays) + soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system,” Indian Journal of Agronomy, vol 60(1), 152–156,2015. https://tinyurl.com/w4uazrna
  • [96] B. R.B. Vani, N. Ramesh, S. Manimaran, and P. Thangavel, “Effect of organic mulches and kaolin clay foliar spray on growth, yield attributes and yield of dry landmaize (Zea mays), ”CropResearch, Vol.58 (1and2), 2933,2023. https://doi.org/10.31830/24541761.2023.CR8 68
  • [97] S.A Anjum, M. Farooq, L.C. Wang, L. L. Xue, S.G Wang, L. Wang, and M. Chen,”Gas exchange and chlorophyll synthesis of maize cultivars are enhanced by exogenously- applied glycinebetaine under drought conditions,” Plant, Soil and Environment, vol.57 (7), 326-331, 2011. https://doi.org/10.17221/41/2011-PSE
  • [98] A.M.S Elshamly, “Minimizing the adverse impact of drought on corn by applying foliar potassium humate combined with chitosan,” Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01146-1
  • [99] U. Petzold, S. Peschel, I. Dahse, and G. Adam, “Stimulation of source-applied14C-sucrose export in Vicia faba plants by brassinosteroids, GA3and IAA,”Acta Botanica Neerlandica, vol. 41 (4), 469–479, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14388677.1992.tb00517.x
  • [100] T. C. De Souza, P. C.Magalhães, E. M. de Castro, N. P. Carneiro, F. A. Padilha, and C. C. G Júnior, “ABA application to maize hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance: changes in water parameters and in antioxidant enzyme activity,” Plant Growth Regulation, vol.73(3), 205–217, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-013-9881-9
  • [101] C. Travaglia, G. Balboa, G. Espósito, and H. Reinoso, “ABA action on the production and redistribution of field-grown maize carbohydrates in semiarid regions,” Plant Growth Regulation, vol.67 (1), 27–34, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-012-9657-7
  • [102] A.M. S. Elshamly, “Interaction effects of sowing date, irrigation levels, chitosan, and potassium silicate on yield and water use efficiency for maize grown under arid climate,” Gesunde Pflanzen. , 1-17, 2023.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-023-00836-1
  • [103] J. Kocięcka & D. Liberacki,” The potential of using chitosan on cereal crops in the face of climate change,” Plants, vol.10 (6), 1160, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061160
  • [104] Q. Ali, and M. Ashraf, “Induction of drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) due to exogenous application of trehalose: growth, photosynthesis, water relations and oxidative defence mechanism,” Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, vol. 197(4), 258-271, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2010.00463.x
  • [105] L.G. Almeida, P.C. Magalhães, D. Karam, E. M. D. Silva, and A.A Alvarenga, “Chitosan application in the induction of water deficit tolerance in maize plants,” Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 42, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.42463
  • [106] S.A. Anjum, L. Wang, M. Farooq, L. Xue, and S. Ali, “Fulvic acid application improves the maize performance under well‐watered and drought conditions,” Journal of agronomy and crop science, vol. 197(6), 409-417, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2011.00483.x
  • [107] W. Bi, M. Wang, B Weng, D. Yan, Y. Yang, and J. Wang, “Effects of drought-flood abrupt alternation on the growth of summer maize,” Atmosphere, vol.11 (1), 1-18, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010021
  • [108] R. Liao, L. Zhang, P. Yang, W. Wu, and Z. Zhang,”Physiological regulation mechanism of multi-chemicals on water transport and use efficiency in soil-maize system,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 172, 1289–1297, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.239
  • [109] W. Yang, P. Li, S. Guo, B. Fan, R. Song,J. Zhang, and J. Yu, “Compensating effect of fulvic acid and super-absorbent polymer on leaf gas exchange and water use efficiency of maize under moderate water deficit conditions,”Plant Growth Regulation, vol. 83(3), 351–360, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-017-0297-9
  • [110] T. A. Abd El-Mageed, A. Shaaban, S. A. Abd El-Mageed, W.M Semida, and R.M.O Rady, “Silicon defensive role in maize (Zea mays L.) against drought stress and metals- contaminated irrigation water,” Silicon, vol.13, 2165-2176, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00690-0
  • [111] R .V. Kumaraswamy, S. Kumari, R.C. Choudhary, S.S. Sharma, A. Pal, R. Raliya, P. Biswas, and V. Saharan,”Salicylic acid functionalized chitosan nanoparticle: A sustainable biostimulant for plant,” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol.123, 59–69, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.202
  • [112] J. Monjane,P. Dimande, A. Zimba, E. Nhachengo, E. Teles, H. Ndima, and A. Uamusse, “Antifungal Activity of Biopesticides and their Effects on the Growth Parameters and Yield of Maize and Pigeon Pea,” Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR), vol.4(9), 512-515,2020. https://www.tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/view/1123
  • [113] R. C. Choudhary, R.V. Kumaraswamy, S. Kumari,A. Pal, R. Raliya, P. Biswas, and V. Saharan,” Synthesis, characterization, and application of chitosan nanomaterials loaded with zinc and copper for plant growth and protection,” In Nanotechnology (pp. 227–247), 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4573-8_10
  • [114] U. R. Butt, R. Naz, A. Nosheen, H. Yasmin, R. Keyani, I. Hussain, and M.N. Hassan,” Changes in pathogenesis-related gene expression in response to bioformulations in the apoplast of maize leaves againstFusarium oxysporum,” Journal of Plant Interactions, vol.14 (1), 61–72, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2018.1550217
  • [115] C. Mohamed, T.V. Etienne, and K.N.G Yannick, “Use of bioactive chitosan and Lippia multiflora essential oil as coatings for maize and sorghum seeds protection,” EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, vol.14 (1), 27-34, 2020. https://shorturl.at/uMPRT
  • [116] N.S. El-Mougy, H.M Abouelnaser, and M.M. Abdel-Kader, “Seed Dressing and Foliar Spray with Different Fungicide Alternatives for Controlling Maize Diseases under Natural Field Conditions,” Plant Arch, vol. 20, 2755-2759, 2020. http://plantarchives.org/20-1/2755-2759%20(5996).pdf
  • [117] L.V Ferrochio, E. Cendoya, V. G. L. Zachetti, M. C. Farnochi, W. Massad, and M.L. Ramirez, “Combined effect of chitosan and water activity on growth and fumonisin production by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum on maize-based media,” International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.185, 51–56, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.05.011
  • [118] M .R. Romero-Aranda, O. Jurado, and J. Cuartero, “Silicon alleviates the deleterious salt effect on tomato plant growth by improving plant water status,” Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.163 (8), 847–855, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2005.05.010
  • [119] D. Katiyar, A. Hemantaranjan, and B. Singh, ”Chitosan as a promising natural compound to enhance potential physiological responses in plant: a review,” Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.20 (1), 1–9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-015-0139-6
  • [120] S. Kaur, and G. S. Dhillon,”The versatile biopolymer chitosan: potential sources, evaluation of extraction methods and applications, “Critical Reviews in Microbiology, vol.40 (2), 155–175, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3109/1040841X.2013.770385
  • [121] V. Zargar, M. Asghari, and A. Dashti, “A review on chitin and chitosan polymers: Structure, chemistry, solubility, derivatives, and applications,” ChemBioEng Reviews, vol.2 (3), 204–226, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.201400025
  • [122] T. Q. Shi, H. Peng, S.Y. Zeng, R. Y. Ji, K. Shi, H. Huang, and X.J. Ji, “Microbial production of plant hormones: Opportunities and challenges,” Bioengineered, vol.8 (2), 124– 128, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2016.1212138
  • [123] A. Francini, G. Lorenzini, and C. Nali, “The antitranspirant Di-1-p-menthene, a potential chemical protectant of ozone damage to plants,” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol.219(1–4), 459–472, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0720-6
  • [124] V. Cantore, B. Pace, and R. Albrizio, “Kaolin-based particle film technology affects tomato physiology, yield and quality,” Environmental and Experimental Botany, vol. 66(2), 279–288, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.03.008
  • [125] V. Markó, L. H. M. Blommers, S. Bogya, and H. Helsen, “Kaolin particle films suppress many apple pests, disrupt natural enemies and promote woolly apple aphid,”Zeitschrift Für Angewandte Entomologie [Journal of Applied Entomology], Vol. 132(1), 26–35, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01233.x
  • [126] A. L. Knight, B. A. Christianson, T. R. Unruh, G. Puterka, and D. M. Glenn, “Impacts of seasonal kaolin particle films on apple pest management, “The Canadian Entomologist, vol. 133(3), 413–428, 2001. https://doi.org/10.4039/ent133413-3
  • [127] N. Lalancette, R. D. Belding, P. W. Shearer, J. L. Frecon, and W. H. Tietjen, “Evaluation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic kaolin particle films for peach crop, arthropod and disease management,” Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science, vol.61 (1), 25-39, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.943
  • [128] S. Pascual, G. Cobos, E. Seris, and M. González-Núñez, “Effects of processed kaolin on pests and non-target arthropods in a Spanish olive grove,” Journal of Pest Science, vol. 83(2), 121– 133, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-009-0278-5
  • [129] M. Kumar Sootahar, X. Zeng, S. Su, Y. Wang, L. Bai, Y. Zhang, T. Li, and X. Zhang, “The effect of fulvic acids derived from different materials on changing properties of albic black soil in the northeast plain of China ,”Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), vol.24(8), 1-12, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081535
  • [130] S. A Khilji, Z. A. Sajid, S. Fayyaz, A. A. Shah, A. N. Shah, M. Rauf, M. Arif, S. H. Yang, and S. Fiaz, “Fulvic acid alleviates paper sludge toxicity in canola (Brassica napus L.) by reducing Cr, Cd, and Pb uptake ,”Frontiers in Plant Science, vol.13, 1-14, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.874723
  • [131] S. P. Katengeza, and S. T. Holden, “Productivity impact of drought tolerant maize varieties under rainfall stress in Malawi: A continuous treatment approach,” Agricultural Economics (Amsterdam, Netherlands), vol.52 (1), 157–171, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12612
  • [132] A. Badr, H. H. El-Shazly, R. A. Tarawneh, and A. Börner, “Screening for drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm using germination and seedling traits under simulated drought conditions ,”Plants, Vol.9(5), 1-23, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9050565
  • [133] H. Webber, F. Ewert, J.E. Olesen, C. Müller, S. Fronzek, A. C. Ruane, M. Bourgault, P. Martre, B. Ababaei, M. Bindi, R. Ferrise, R. Finger, N. Fodor, C. Gabaldón-Leal, T. Gaiser, M. Jabloun, K. C. Kersebaum, J .I Lizaso, I .J. Lorite, and .D. Wallach, “Diverging importance of drought stress for maize and winter wheat in Europe, “Nature Communications, vol.9 (1), 42-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06525-2
  • [134] S. Rafique, “Drought responses on physiological attributes of Zea mays in relation to nitrogen and source-sink relationships,” Abiotic Stress Plants. 2020. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93747
  • [135] E. M. Bagula, J.G.M. Majaliwa, T.A. Basamba, J.G.M. Mondo, B. Vanlauwe, G. Gabiri, J.B. Tumuhairwe, G.N. Mushagalusa, P. Musinguzi, S. Akello and A. Egeru ,”Water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) crop under selected soil and water conservation practices along the slope gradient in Ruzizi watershed, eastern DR Congo,” Land, vol.11(10), 1-20, 2022..https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101833
  • [136] R. Bheemanahalli, P. Ramamoorthy, S. Poudel, S. Samiappan, N. Wijewardane, and K. R. Reddy, “Effects of drought and heat stresses during reproductive stage on pollen germination, yield, and leaf reflectance properties in maize (Zea mays L.),” Plant Direct, vol. 6(8), 1-14, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.434
  • [137] P. Previtali, F. Giorgini, R.S. Mullen, N. K. Dookozlian, K. L. Wilkinson, and C. M. Ford, “A systematic review and meta-analysis of vineyard techniques used to delay ripening," Horticulture Research, vol.9, (uhac104) 1-10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac118
  • [138] J. Rodriguez,” Sunburn in Citrus: Assessing Physiological Impacts and Mitigation Treatments (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University-Kingsville),”2018. https://tinyurl.com/5vsrvzf7
  • [139] L. Sibande, A. Bailey, and S. Davidova,” The impact of farm input subsidies on maize marketing in Malawi,” Food Policy, vol.69, 190–206, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.04.001
  • [140] S. Koppmair, M. Kassie, and M.Quaim,” Farm production, market access and dietary diversity in Malawi,” Public Health Nutrition, vol.20 (2), 325–335, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016002135
  • [141] R. G Evans, and E. J. Sadler,”Methods and technologies to improve efficiency of water use,” Water resources research, Vol. 44(7), 1-15, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006200
  • [142] P. Kettlewell,” Economics of film antitranspirant application: a new approach to protecting wheat crops from drought-induced yield loss,”International Journal of Agricultural Management, vol.1, 43-45, 2011. https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/149907/
  • [143] B. P. Janawade, and Y. B. Palled, Effect of irrigation schedules, mulch and antitranspirants on growth, yield and economics of wheat (cv. DWD-I006). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.20 (1), 6-9, 2007. http://14.139.155.167/test5/index.php/kjas/article/view/829

Use of anti-transpirants in maize cultivation as a potential novel approach to combat drought stress in the wake of climate change. A systematic review

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 68 - 89, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.59838/etoxec.1321043

Abstract

The maize crop is highly dependent on rainfall and it is sensitive to drought. However, the planet is experiencing frequent droughts due to climate change which is adversely impacting on the food production. It is crucial that the agricultural sector is adapted to the negative consequences of climate change. The antitranspirants which reduce the water loss through transpiration could be potential novel approach to ameliorate the effects drought on rain fed maize cultivation in most of the countries around the globe. This review has analysed the effects of antitranspirants on the growth, yields, and pathogens and diseases that affect the maize plants and on environment.It has found that antitranspirants help to improve vegetative growth and biological yield of the maize plant by reducing the transpiration rate and improving water use efficiency of the plants. The review has found that chitosan and the fulvic acid have been extensively studied on maize as compared to other antitranspirants .Therefore, antitranspirants could be used to ameliorate the effects of drought on maize crops but there is need to do a cost benefit analysis on whether it is economically viable to use antitranspirants on food crops with low market value like maize. Di-1-p-menthene is reported to cost less money as such there is need to research on how this antitranspirant ameliorate the effects of water stress on maize .There is also a need to research on proper timing of the application of the antitranspirants to the maize plant under dress.

References

  • [1] A. Bawa, “Yield and growth response of maize (Zea mays L.) to varietal and nitrogen application in the Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecology of Ghana’’, Advances in Agriculture, 1–8, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1765251
  • [2] A. Hossain, M. Tanjina Islam, M. Shohidul Islam, S. Nurislam, Ahmed, K. Kumer Sarker, and M. Kumar Gathala, “Chemical weed management in maize (Zea mays L.) under conservation agricultural systems: An outlook of the Eastern Gangetic plains in south- Asia”,In A. Hossain (Ed.),Maize-Production and Use. IntechOpen, (pp.1-14) 2019. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89030
  • [3] C. M. Parihar, S. L. Jat, A. K. Singh, R. S. Kumar, K. S. Hooda, C. GK, and D. K. Singh,“Maize production technologies in India”, 2011. https://rb.gy/i4pei
  • [4] G. Petrović, T. Ivanović, D. Knežević, A. Radosavac, I. Obhođaš, T. Brzaković, and T. Dragičević Radičević, “Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Maize Production in Serbia”.Atmosphere, vol14 (1), 110, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010110
  • [5] C. B. Field, V Barros, T. F. Stocker, and Q. Dahe, “Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation: special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change”, 2012.Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139177245
  • [6] W. A. Atiah, L. K. Amekudzi, R. A. Akum, E. Quansah, P.,Antwi‐Agyei, and S. K. . Danuor, “Climate variability and impacts on maize (Zea mays) yield in Ghana,” West Africa. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol. 148(742), 185-198, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4199
  • [7] D. B .Lobell, M. J. Roberts, W. Schlenker, N. Braun, B. B. Little, R. M. Rejesus, and G. L. Hammer,”Greater sensitivity to drought accompanies maize yield increase in the US Midwest”. Science, vol.344 (6183), 516-519, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1251423
  • [8] M. F .Seleiman, N. Al-Suhaibani, N. Ali, M. Akmal, M.Alotaibi, Y.Refay, T. Dindaroglu, H. H. Abdul-Wajid, & M. L. Battaglia, “Drought stress impacts on plants and different approaches to alleviate its adverse effects”. Plants, vol.10 (2), 259, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020259
  • [9] M. L .Battaglia, C. Lee, and W.Thomason, “Corn yield components and yield responses to defoliation at different row widths”. Agronomy Journal, vol.110 (1), 210–225, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.06.0322
  • [10] M.K Joshua,C. Ngongondo,F. Chipungu, M. Monjerezi, E. Liwenga, A.E. Majule, T.Stathers, and R. Lamboll,”Climate change in semi-arid Malawi: Perceptions, adaptation strategies and water governance”. Jamba (Potchefstroom, South Africa), vol.8 (3), 1-10, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v8i3.255
  • [11] N. Ortiz, E. Armada, E. Duque, A. Roldán, and R. Azcón, “Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or bacteria to enhancing plant drought tolerance under natural soil conditions: effectiveness of autochthonous or allochthonous strains”. Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.174, 87–96, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2014.08.019
  • [12] R. Shemi, R. Wang,E.S.M.S Gheith,H.A Hussain, L.Cholidah, K. Zhang,S. Zhang, and L.Wang, “Role of exogenous-applied salicylic acid, zinc and glycine betaine to improve drought-tolerance in wheat during reproductive growth stages”. BMC Plant Biology, vol. 21(1), 574, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03367-x
  • [13] C.M. Wainwright, E. Black, and R.P. Allan, “Future changes in wet and dry season characteristics in CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations”, Journal of Hydrometeorology, vol. 22(9), 2339-2357, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-21-0017.1
  • [14] A .Ayanlade, M.Radeny, and A.I. Akin-Onigbinde, “Climate variability/change and attitude to adaptation technologies: a pilot study among selected rural farmers’ communities in Nigeria”, GeoJournal, vol. 83(2), 319-331, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-0179771-1
  • [15] H. Chikoore, and M.R. Jury, “South African drought, deconstructed. Weather and Climate Extremes”, Vol.33, 100334, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2021.100334
  • [16] B. Bradshaw, H. Dolan, and B. Smit, “Farm-level adaptation to climatic variability and change: Crop diversification in the Canadian prairies”, Climatic Change, vol.67 (1), 119–141, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-004-0710-z
  • [17] J. Wang, R. Mendelsohn,A. Dinar,J. Huang, S. Rozelle, and L.Zhang ,”The impact of climate change on China’s agriculture. Agricultural Economics (Amsterdam, Netherlands), vol.40 (3), 323–337, 2009.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15740862.2009.00379.x
  • [18] S. Asfaw, and L. Lipper, Economics of PGRFA management for adaptation to climate change: a review of selected literature,” Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. FAO, Rome, Italy, 2011. https://rb.gy/edxj4
  • [19] K. Urama, and N. Ozor, “Agricultural innovations for climate change adaptation and food security in western and central Africa,” Agro-Science, vol.10 (1), 2011. https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v10i1.68717
  • [20] S.S. Ngigi, “Climate change adaptation strategies: Water resources management options for smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa,” The Earth Institute at Columbia University, 2009. https://rb.gy/s4rf5
  • [21] M.G.P. Ibrahim, and R.S Alex, “The impact of changing environmental conditions on vulnerable communities in the Shire valley, southern Malawi,” In the Future of Drylands, pp. 545–559, 2008. Springer Netherlands. https://rb.gy/4784t
  • [22] O.M. Akinnagbe, and I. J. Irohibe,” Agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change impacts in Africa: a review,” Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, vol.39 (3), 407–418, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21984
  • [23] A.Challinor, T. Wheeler,C. Garforth, P. Craufurd, and A. Kassam, “Assessing the vulnerability of food crop systems in Africa to climate change. Climatic Change,” Vol. 83(3), 381–399, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9249-0
  • [24] S.M .Howden, J.F. Soussana,F.N. Tubiello,N. Chhetri, M. Dunlop, and H. Meinke,” Adapting agriculture to climate change,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol.104(50),19691–19696, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701890104
  • [25] E. Bryan, T.T. Deressa, G.A. Gbetibouo, and C. Ringler, “Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints,” Environmental Science & Policy, Vol. 12(4), 413–426, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2008.11.002
  • [26] N.A. Eckardt, E. Cominelli, M. Galbiati, and C. Tonelli, “The future of science: food and water for life,” 2009. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.066209
  • [27] M.W. Rosegrant, and S.A Cline, “Global food security: challenges and policies, “Science (New York, N.Y.), vol 302(5652), 1917–1919, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092958
  • [28] P. Reidsma, and F. Ewert, “Regional farm diversity can reduce vulnerability of food production to climate change,” Ecology and Society: A Journal of Integrative Science for Resilience and Sustainability, vol.13 (1), 2008. https://doi.org/10.5751/es-02476-130138
  • [29] P. Kurukulasuriya, and S. Rosenthal, “Climate change and agriculture,” World Bank Environment Department Paper, vol. 91, 2003. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16616
  • [30] A. Lema, and E. Majule,” Impacts of climate change, variability and adaptation strategies on agriculture in semi-arid areas of Tanzania: The case of Manyoni District in Singida Region, Tanzania,” African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 3(8), 206–218, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajest09.099
  • [31] J.J. McCarthy, O. F. Canziani, N. Leary, D. J. Dokken, and K. S. White, “Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: Contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, 2001 ,”Cambridge University Press. https://tinyurl.com/469pzerw
  • [32] N.A.A. El-Azm, and S.MS. Youssef, “Spraying potassium silicate and sugar beet molasses on tomato plants minimizes transpiration, relieves drought stress and rationalizes water use,” Middle East J, Vol.4(4), 1047-1064, 2015. https://rb.gy/2icce
  • [33] M. Prakash, and K. Ramachandran,” Effects of moisture stress and anti-transpirants on leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein and photosynthetic rate in brinjal plants,”Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, vol.184 (3), 153-156, 2000.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2000.00330.x
  • [34] A.S Abdullah, M.M. Aziz, K.H.M. Siddique, and K.C. Flower, “Film antitranspirants increase yield in drought stressed wheat plants by maintaining high grain number,” Agricultural Water Management, vol.159, 11–18, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.018
  • [35] C.J. Rhodes, “Feeding and healing the world: through regenerative agriculture and permaculture,”Science Progress, vol.95 (4), 345–446, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3184/003685012X13504990668392
  • [36] R. Topak, S. Süheri, and B. Acar, “Effect of different drip irrigation regimes on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield, quality and water use efficiency in Middle Anatolian, Turkey,” Irrigation Science, vol.29 (1), 79–89, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-010-0219-3
  • [37] L. Levidow, D. Zaccaria,R. Maia, E. Vivas, M. Todorovic, and A. Scardigno, “Improving water-efficient irrigation: Prospects and difficulties of innovative practices,” Agricultural Water Management, vol. 146, 84–94, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.07.012
  • [38] M. Bittelli, M. Flury, G.S. Campbell, and E.J. Nichols, “Reduction of transpiration through foliar application of chitosan,” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.107 (3), 167–175, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00242-2
  • [39] M. Iriti, M. Sironi, S. Gomarasca, A.P Casazza, C. Soave, and F. Faoro, “Cell death-mediated antiviral effect of chitosan in tobacco,”Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Vol. 44(11–12). 893–900, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.10.009
  • [40] F.M. Del Amor, P. Cuadra-Crespo, D.J. Walker, J.M. Cámara, and R. Madrid, “Effect of foliar application of antitranspirant on photosynthesis and water relations of pepper plants under different levels of CO2 and water stress,” Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.167 (15), 1232-1238, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2010.04.010
  • [41] J. Kocięcka, D. Liberacki, J.M. Kupiec, M. Stróżecki, and P. Dłużewski, “Effects of Silicon Application and Groundwater Level in a Subirrigation System on Yield of a Three-Cut Meadow,” Water, Vol. 15(11), 2103. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15112103
  • [42] W.Mphande, P.S Kettlewell, I.G Grove, and A.D. Farrell, “The potential of antitranspirants in drought management of arable crops: A review,” Agricultural Water Management, 236, 106-143, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106143
  • [43] P.S Kettlewell, and J.R. Holloway, “Connecting developmental and process physiology to improve yield of draughted wheat with a film antitranspirant,”Aspects of Applied Biology, No.105, 23-24, 2010. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20123411786
  • [44] V. G. Shweta, “Antitranspirants: An effective approach to mitigate the stress in field crops,” International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, vol.9 (5), 1671–1678, 2020. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.905.188
  • [45] D. M. Glenn, “The mechanisms of plant stress mitigation by kaolin-based particle films and applications in horticultural and agricultural crops,” HortScience: A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science, vol.47 (6), 710–711,2012. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.6.710
  • [46] F. Zhao, D. Zhang, Y. Zhao, W. Wang, H. Yang, F. Tai, C. Li, and X. Hu, “The difference of physiological and proteomic changes in maize leaves adaptation to drought, heat, and combined both stresses,” Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol.7, 2-19, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01471
  • [47] H.A. Hussain, S. Men, S. Hussain, Y. Chen, S. Ali, S. Zhang, K. Zhang, Y. Li, Q. Xu, C. Liao, and L. Wang, “Interactive effects of drought and heat stresses on morpho-physiological attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and oxidative status in maize hybrids,” Scientific Reports, vol.9 (1), 1-12, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40362-7
  • [48] K. Agyeman, I. Osei-Bonsu, J.N Berchie, S. Yeboah, L.M. Tengan, P. Marno, A. Adjei, and M. Apraku,” Yield and growth performance of drought tolerant maize varieties in the Forest-Savanna transition zone of Ghana.,” Agricultural and Food Science Journal of Ghana, vol.13, 1237–1246, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4314/afsjg.v13i1
  • [49] S.A Saseendran, L.R. Ahuja, L. Ma, and T.J. Trout, “Modeling for best management of the effects of irrigation frequencies, initial water, and nitrogen on corn,” Practical Applications of Agricultural System Models to Optimize the Use of Limited Water, vol.5, 25-52, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2134/advagricsystmodel5.c2
  • [50] R.P. Sah, M. Chakraborty, K. Prasad, M. Pandit,V.K. Tudu, M.K. Chakravarty, S.C. Narayan, M. Rana, and D. Moharana, “Impact of water deficit stress in maize: Phenology and yield components,” Scientific Reports, vol.10 (1), 2944, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59689-7
  • [51] Y. Lu, Z. Hao, C. Xie, J. Crossa, J.L. Araus, S. Gao, B.S Vivek, C. Magorokosho, S. Mugo, D. Makumbi, S. Taba, G. Pan, X. Li, T. Rong, S. Zhang, and Y. Xu, “Large-scale screening for maize drought resistance using multiple selection criteria evaluated under water-stressed and well-watered environments,” Field Crops Research, Vol. 124(1), 37–45, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.06.003
  • [52] G.O Edmeades, “Progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in maize-an update,” ISAAA: Ithaca, NY, 130, 2013. https://rb.gy/2nt2k
  • [53] M. Aslam, M.A., Maqbool, and R. Cengiz,” Drought Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.),” Springer International Publishing, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25442-5
  • [54] M. Farooq, A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D., Fujita, and S.M.A Basra, “Plant drought stress: Effects, mechanisms and management,” In Sustainable Agriculture (pp. 153–188), 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_12
  • [55] A.Y Kamara, A. Menkir, B. Badu-Apraku, and O. Ibikunle,”The influence of drought stress on growth, yield and yield components of selected maize genotypes,” The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.141 (1), 43–50, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859603003423
  • [56] H. Min, C. Chen, S. Wei, X. Shang, M. Sun, R. Xia, X. Liu, D. Hao, H. Chen, and Q. Xie, “Identification of drought tolerant mechanisms in maize seedlings based on transcriptome analysis of recombination inbred lines,” Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol.7, 1080, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01080
  • [57] R.Çakir, “Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn,” Field Crops Research, vol. 89(1), 1–16, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.01.005
  • [58] K. Djaman, S. Irmak,W.R. Rathje,D.L. Martin, and D.E. Eisenhauer, “Maize evapotranspiration, yield production functions, biomass, grain yield, harvest index, and yield response factors under full and limited irrigation,” Transactions of the ASABE, vol. 56(2), 373-393, 2013. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.42676
  • [59] S.A. Anjum, X. Xie, L.C. Wang, M.F. Saleem, C. Man, and W. Lei, “Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress,” African journal of agricultural research, vol.6 (9), 2026-2032, 2011. doi:10.5897/AJAR10.027
  • [60] F.Baret,S. Madec, K. Irfan, J. Lopez, A. Comar,M. Hemmerlé, D. Dutartre, S. Praud, and M.H. Tixier, “Leaf-rolling in maize crops: from leaf scoring to canopy-level measurements for phenotyping,” Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 69(10),2705–2716,2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery071
  • [61] T. Ge,F. Sui, L. Bai, C. Tong, and N. Sun ,”Effects of water stress on growth, biomass partitioning, and water-use efficiency in summer maize (Zea mays L.) throughout the growth cycle,” Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, vol. 34(3),1043–1053,2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-011-0901-y
  • [62] S. Pokhrel, “Effects of drought stress on the physiology and yield of the maize: a review, ”Food and Agri Economics Review (FAER), vol.1 (1), 36-40, 2021. http://doi.org/10.26480/faer.01.2021.36.40
  • [63] J.S. Boyer, and M.E. Westgate, “Grain yields with limited water,” Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 55(407), 2385–2394, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh219
  • [64] S.A. Anjum, L.C. Wang, M. Farooq, M. Hussain, L.L. Xue, and C.M. Zou, “Brassinolide application improves the drought tolerance in maize through modulation of enzymatic antioxidants and leaf gas exchange,”Journal of Agronomy and crop science, vol.197 (3), 177-185, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439037X.2010.00459.x
  • [65] M. Benešová, D. Holá, L. Fischer, P.L. Jedelský, F. Hnilička, N. Wilhelmová, O. Rothová, M. Kočová, D. Procházková, J. Honnerová, L. Fridrichová, and H. Hniličková, “The physiology and proteomics of drought tolerance in maize: early stomatal closure as a cause of lower tolerance to short-term dehydration?” PloS One, vol. 7(6), e38017, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038017
  • [66] M.S. Lopes, J.L Araus, P.D.R van Heerden, and C.H. Foyer, “Enhancing drought tolerance in C (4) crops,” Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.62 (9), 3135–3153, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err105
  • [67] B. Wang, C. Liu, D. Zhang, C. He, J. Zhang , and Z. Li, “Effects of maize organ-specific drought stress response on yields from transcriptome analysis,” BMC Plant Biology, Vol. 19(1),1-19 2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1941-5
  • [68] M. M. Chaves, J. Flexas, and C. Pinheiro,”Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell,” Annals of Botany, vol.103 (4), 551–560, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn125
  • [69] L. Serna, “Maize stomatal responses against the climate change,” Frontiers in Plant Science, vol.13, 1-9, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.952146
  • [70] T. Parthasarathi, K. Vanitha, and G. Velu, “Physiological impacts of soil moisture stress and plant population on leaf gas exchange and radiation use of maize,” International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, vol.5 (4), 77-385, 2012. https://rb.gy/jpxe3
  • [71] S. Bayat, and A. Sepehri, “Paclobutrazol and salicylic acid application ameliorates the negative effect of water stress on growth and yield of maize plants,”Journal of Research in Agricultural Science vol. 8(2)127- 139, 2012. https://rb.gy/olzln
  • [72] M. Kamran, S. Wennan, I. Ahmad, M. Xiangping, C. Wenwen, Z. Xudong, M. Siwei, A. Khan, H. Qingfang, and L. Tiening, “Application of paclobutrazol affect maize grain yield by regulating root morphological and physiological characteristics under a semi-arid region,” Scientific Reports, vol. 8(1), 1–15, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23166-z
  • [73] O.Q.A. Ulameer, and S.S.A Ahmed, “Anti-transpirant role in improving the morphological growth traits of maize plants subjected to water stress,” Research on Crops, vol.19 (4), 593-603, 2018. https://rb.gy/qekzy
  • [74] D. Ghazi, “Impact of drought stress on maize (Zea mays) plant in presence or absence of salicylic acid spraying,” Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, vol.8(6), 223- 229, 2017. https://doi.org/10.21608/JSSAE.2017.37382
  • [75] I. Ahmad, S.M.A. Basra, and A. Wahid, “Exogenous application of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide improves the productivity of hybrid maize at low temperature stress,” Int. J. Agric. Biol, vol. 16(4), 825-830, 2014. http://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/41448_..pdf
  • [76] A.S.M. Morsy, and H.M Mehanna, “Beneficial effects of antitranspirants on water stress tolerance in maize under different plant densities in newly reclaimed land,” Bulletin of the National Research Centre, vol.46 (2-17), 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-022-00934-6
  • [77] Gomaa, M. A., E. E., A. A. M. Z. Kandil, El-Dein, M. E. M. Abou-Donia, H. M. Ali, and N. R A. bdelsalam, “Increase maize productivity and water use efficiency through application of potassium silicate under water stress,” Scientific Reports, vol.11 (1), 1-8, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80656-9
  • [78] S. I. Shedeed, “Assessing effect of potassium silicate consecutive application on forage maize plants (Zea mays L.),” Journal of Innovations in Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, vol.5 (2), 119-127, 2018. https://jipbs.com/index.php/journal/article/view/321/290
  • [79] M. M. A. Mondal, A. B. Puteh, N. C. Dafader, M. Y. Rafii, and M. A. Malek. "Foliar application of chitosan improves growth and yield in maize." J. Food Agric. Environment, vol.11, (2), 520- 523, 2013.. https://rb.gy/6lg8v
  • [80] Y.J Guan, J. Hu, X.J. Wang, and C.X. Shao, “Seed priming with chitosan improves maize germination and seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under low temperature stress,” Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, vol. 10(6), 427–433, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0820373
  • [81] V. Saharan, R.V Kumaraswamy,R.C. Choudhary, S. Kumari, A. Pal, A., R. Raliya, and P. Biswas, “Cu-chitosan nanoparticle mediated sustainable approach to enhance seedling growth in maize by mobilizing reserved food,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.64 (31), 6148–6155, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02239
  • [82] D.Y. Nakasato,A.E.S Pereira, J.L. Oliveira, H.C. Oliveira, and L.F. Fraceto, “Evaluation of the effects of polymeric chitosan/tripolyphosphate and solid lipid nanoparticles on germination of Zea mays, Brassica rapa and Pisum sativum,” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol. 142, 369–374,2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.033
  • [83] E.G. Lizárraga-Paulín, S.P. Miranda-Castro, E. Moreno-Martínez, A.V. Lara-Sagahón, and I. Torres-Pacheco, “Maize seed coatings and seedling sprayings with chitosan and hydrogen peroxide: their influence on some phenological and biochemical behaviors,” Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, Vol. 14(2), 87–96, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1200270
  • [84] M. Peña-Datoli,C.M.I Hidalgo-Moreno, V.A. González-Hernández, E.G. Alcántar-González, and J.D. Etchevers-Barra, “Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed coating with chitosan and sodium alginate and its effect on root development,” Agrociencia Vol.50 (8), 1091–1106, 2016. https://rb.gy/p7cyh
  • [85] M. Martins,M. Carvalho, D.T Carvalho, S. Barbosa, A.C. Doriguetto, P.C Magalhaes, and C. Ribeiro, “Physicochemical characterization of chitosan and its effects on early growth, cell cycle and root anatomy of transgenic and non-transgenic maize hybrids,”Australian Journal of Crop Science,vol.12(1),56-66, 2018. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.45go44563320158
  • [86] W.M. Khan, B. Prithiviraj, and D.L Smith, “Effect of foliar application of chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides on photosynthesis of maize and soybean,” Photosynthetica, vol.40 (4), 621–624, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1024320606812
  • [87] W., Li, P. Yang, S. Guo, R. Song, and J. Yu, “Co-application of soil superabsorbent polymer and foliar fulvic acid to increase tolerance to water deficit maize: photosynthesis, water parameters, and proline,” Chilean journal of agricultural research, 79(3), 435-446, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392019000300435
  • [88] M. Gomaa, I. Fathallah Rehab, E. E. Kandil, and A. M. M. Ali, “Using of Potassium Silicate to Alleviate Drought Stress Effect on Peanut as Grown in Sandy Soil,” Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, vol.26 (3), 109-119, 2021. https://doi.org/10.21608/jalexu.2021.179977
  • [89] E. E. Kandi, A.A. M. Zen El-Dein, and M.E.M Abou-Donia, “Effect of irrigation intervals and foliar application of potassium silicate on growth of maize,” Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, H. Botany, vol.11 (1), 103-109, 2020. https://journals.ekb.eg/article_122139.html
  • [90] A. Parveen, W. Liu, S. Hussain, J. Asghar, S. Perveen, and Y. Xiong, “Silicon priming regulates morpho-physiological growth and oxidative metabolism in maize under drought stress,” Plants, vol.8 (10), 1-14, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8100431
  • [91] M. Hussain, M.A. Malik, M. Farooq, M.B. Khan, M. Akram, and M.F. Saleem, “Exogenous glycinebetaine and salicylic acid application improves water relations, allometry and quality of hybrid sunflower under water deficit conditions,” Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, vol.195 (2), 98–109, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.2008.00354.x
  • [92] W. Khan, B. Prithiviraj, and D.L. Smith, “Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates,”Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.160 (5), 485–492, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00865
  • [93] W. Yang, P. Li, S. Guo, R. Song, and J. Yu, “Co-application of soil superabsorbent polymer and foliar fulvic acid to increase tolerance to water deficit maize: photosynthesis, water parameters, and proline,” Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 79(3), 435–446, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392019000300435
  • [94] D.V.B Reddy, N. Ramesh, S. Manimaran, and P. Thangavel, “Effect of organic mulches and foliar spray of kaolin on NPK uptake in enhancing yield and economics of dry land maize (Zea mays L.),” Journal of Applied and Natural Science, vol. 15(1), 116-119, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i1.4192
  • [95] A. Kumar, K.S. Rana, D.S. Rana, R.S Bana, A.K Choudhary, and V. Pooniya, “Effect of nutrient-and moisture-management practices on crop productivity, water-use efficiency and energy dynamics in rainfed maize (Zea mays) + soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system,” Indian Journal of Agronomy, vol 60(1), 152–156,2015. https://tinyurl.com/w4uazrna
  • [96] B. R.B. Vani, N. Ramesh, S. Manimaran, and P. Thangavel, “Effect of organic mulches and kaolin clay foliar spray on growth, yield attributes and yield of dry landmaize (Zea mays), ”CropResearch, Vol.58 (1and2), 2933,2023. https://doi.org/10.31830/24541761.2023.CR8 68
  • [97] S.A Anjum, M. Farooq, L.C. Wang, L. L. Xue, S.G Wang, L. Wang, and M. Chen,”Gas exchange and chlorophyll synthesis of maize cultivars are enhanced by exogenously- applied glycinebetaine under drought conditions,” Plant, Soil and Environment, vol.57 (7), 326-331, 2011. https://doi.org/10.17221/41/2011-PSE
  • [98] A.M.S Elshamly, “Minimizing the adverse impact of drought on corn by applying foliar potassium humate combined with chitosan,” Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01146-1
  • [99] U. Petzold, S. Peschel, I. Dahse, and G. Adam, “Stimulation of source-applied14C-sucrose export in Vicia faba plants by brassinosteroids, GA3and IAA,”Acta Botanica Neerlandica, vol. 41 (4), 469–479, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14388677.1992.tb00517.x
  • [100] T. C. De Souza, P. C.Magalhães, E. M. de Castro, N. P. Carneiro, F. A. Padilha, and C. C. G Júnior, “ABA application to maize hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance: changes in water parameters and in antioxidant enzyme activity,” Plant Growth Regulation, vol.73(3), 205–217, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-013-9881-9
  • [101] C. Travaglia, G. Balboa, G. Espósito, and H. Reinoso, “ABA action on the production and redistribution of field-grown maize carbohydrates in semiarid regions,” Plant Growth Regulation, vol.67 (1), 27–34, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-012-9657-7
  • [102] A.M. S. Elshamly, “Interaction effects of sowing date, irrigation levels, chitosan, and potassium silicate on yield and water use efficiency for maize grown under arid climate,” Gesunde Pflanzen. , 1-17, 2023.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-023-00836-1
  • [103] J. Kocięcka & D. Liberacki,” The potential of using chitosan on cereal crops in the face of climate change,” Plants, vol.10 (6), 1160, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061160
  • [104] Q. Ali, and M. Ashraf, “Induction of drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) due to exogenous application of trehalose: growth, photosynthesis, water relations and oxidative defence mechanism,” Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, vol. 197(4), 258-271, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2010.00463.x
  • [105] L.G. Almeida, P.C. Magalhães, D. Karam, E. M. D. Silva, and A.A Alvarenga, “Chitosan application in the induction of water deficit tolerance in maize plants,” Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 42, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.42463
  • [106] S.A. Anjum, L. Wang, M. Farooq, L. Xue, and S. Ali, “Fulvic acid application improves the maize performance under well‐watered and drought conditions,” Journal of agronomy and crop science, vol. 197(6), 409-417, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2011.00483.x
  • [107] W. Bi, M. Wang, B Weng, D. Yan, Y. Yang, and J. Wang, “Effects of drought-flood abrupt alternation on the growth of summer maize,” Atmosphere, vol.11 (1), 1-18, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010021
  • [108] R. Liao, L. Zhang, P. Yang, W. Wu, and Z. Zhang,”Physiological regulation mechanism of multi-chemicals on water transport and use efficiency in soil-maize system,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 172, 1289–1297, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.239
  • [109] W. Yang, P. Li, S. Guo, B. Fan, R. Song,J. Zhang, and J. Yu, “Compensating effect of fulvic acid and super-absorbent polymer on leaf gas exchange and water use efficiency of maize under moderate water deficit conditions,”Plant Growth Regulation, vol. 83(3), 351–360, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-017-0297-9
  • [110] T. A. Abd El-Mageed, A. Shaaban, S. A. Abd El-Mageed, W.M Semida, and R.M.O Rady, “Silicon defensive role in maize (Zea mays L.) against drought stress and metals- contaminated irrigation water,” Silicon, vol.13, 2165-2176, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00690-0
  • [111] R .V. Kumaraswamy, S. Kumari, R.C. Choudhary, S.S. Sharma, A. Pal, R. Raliya, P. Biswas, and V. Saharan,”Salicylic acid functionalized chitosan nanoparticle: A sustainable biostimulant for plant,” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol.123, 59–69, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.202
  • [112] J. Monjane,P. Dimande, A. Zimba, E. Nhachengo, E. Teles, H. Ndima, and A. Uamusse, “Antifungal Activity of Biopesticides and their Effects on the Growth Parameters and Yield of Maize and Pigeon Pea,” Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR), vol.4(9), 512-515,2020. https://www.tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/view/1123
  • [113] R. C. Choudhary, R.V. Kumaraswamy, S. Kumari,A. Pal, R. Raliya, P. Biswas, and V. Saharan,” Synthesis, characterization, and application of chitosan nanomaterials loaded with zinc and copper for plant growth and protection,” In Nanotechnology (pp. 227–247), 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4573-8_10
  • [114] U. R. Butt, R. Naz, A. Nosheen, H. Yasmin, R. Keyani, I. Hussain, and M.N. Hassan,” Changes in pathogenesis-related gene expression in response to bioformulations in the apoplast of maize leaves againstFusarium oxysporum,” Journal of Plant Interactions, vol.14 (1), 61–72, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2018.1550217
  • [115] C. Mohamed, T.V. Etienne, and K.N.G Yannick, “Use of bioactive chitosan and Lippia multiflora essential oil as coatings for maize and sorghum seeds protection,” EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, vol.14 (1), 27-34, 2020. https://shorturl.at/uMPRT
  • [116] N.S. El-Mougy, H.M Abouelnaser, and M.M. Abdel-Kader, “Seed Dressing and Foliar Spray with Different Fungicide Alternatives for Controlling Maize Diseases under Natural Field Conditions,” Plant Arch, vol. 20, 2755-2759, 2020. http://plantarchives.org/20-1/2755-2759%20(5996).pdf
  • [117] L.V Ferrochio, E. Cendoya, V. G. L. Zachetti, M. C. Farnochi, W. Massad, and M.L. Ramirez, “Combined effect of chitosan and water activity on growth and fumonisin production by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum on maize-based media,” International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.185, 51–56, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.05.011
  • [118] M .R. Romero-Aranda, O. Jurado, and J. Cuartero, “Silicon alleviates the deleterious salt effect on tomato plant growth by improving plant water status,” Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.163 (8), 847–855, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2005.05.010
  • [119] D. Katiyar, A. Hemantaranjan, and B. Singh, ”Chitosan as a promising natural compound to enhance potential physiological responses in plant: a review,” Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, vol.20 (1), 1–9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-015-0139-6
  • [120] S. Kaur, and G. S. Dhillon,”The versatile biopolymer chitosan: potential sources, evaluation of extraction methods and applications, “Critical Reviews in Microbiology, vol.40 (2), 155–175, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3109/1040841X.2013.770385
  • [121] V. Zargar, M. Asghari, and A. Dashti, “A review on chitin and chitosan polymers: Structure, chemistry, solubility, derivatives, and applications,” ChemBioEng Reviews, vol.2 (3), 204–226, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.201400025
  • [122] T. Q. Shi, H. Peng, S.Y. Zeng, R. Y. Ji, K. Shi, H. Huang, and X.J. Ji, “Microbial production of plant hormones: Opportunities and challenges,” Bioengineered, vol.8 (2), 124– 128, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2016.1212138
  • [123] A. Francini, G. Lorenzini, and C. Nali, “The antitranspirant Di-1-p-menthene, a potential chemical protectant of ozone damage to plants,” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, vol.219(1–4), 459–472, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0720-6
  • [124] V. Cantore, B. Pace, and R. Albrizio, “Kaolin-based particle film technology affects tomato physiology, yield and quality,” Environmental and Experimental Botany, vol. 66(2), 279–288, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.03.008
  • [125] V. Markó, L. H. M. Blommers, S. Bogya, and H. Helsen, “Kaolin particle films suppress many apple pests, disrupt natural enemies and promote woolly apple aphid,”Zeitschrift Für Angewandte Entomologie [Journal of Applied Entomology], Vol. 132(1), 26–35, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01233.x
  • [126] A. L. Knight, B. A. Christianson, T. R. Unruh, G. Puterka, and D. M. Glenn, “Impacts of seasonal kaolin particle films on apple pest management, “The Canadian Entomologist, vol. 133(3), 413–428, 2001. https://doi.org/10.4039/ent133413-3
  • [127] N. Lalancette, R. D. Belding, P. W. Shearer, J. L. Frecon, and W. H. Tietjen, “Evaluation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic kaolin particle films for peach crop, arthropod and disease management,” Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science, vol.61 (1), 25-39, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.943
  • [128] S. Pascual, G. Cobos, E. Seris, and M. González-Núñez, “Effects of processed kaolin on pests and non-target arthropods in a Spanish olive grove,” Journal of Pest Science, vol. 83(2), 121– 133, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-009-0278-5
  • [129] M. Kumar Sootahar, X. Zeng, S. Su, Y. Wang, L. Bai, Y. Zhang, T. Li, and X. Zhang, “The effect of fulvic acids derived from different materials on changing properties of albic black soil in the northeast plain of China ,”Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), vol.24(8), 1-12, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081535
  • [130] S. A Khilji, Z. A. Sajid, S. Fayyaz, A. A. Shah, A. N. Shah, M. Rauf, M. Arif, S. H. Yang, and S. Fiaz, “Fulvic acid alleviates paper sludge toxicity in canola (Brassica napus L.) by reducing Cr, Cd, and Pb uptake ,”Frontiers in Plant Science, vol.13, 1-14, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.874723
  • [131] S. P. Katengeza, and S. T. Holden, “Productivity impact of drought tolerant maize varieties under rainfall stress in Malawi: A continuous treatment approach,” Agricultural Economics (Amsterdam, Netherlands), vol.52 (1), 157–171, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12612
  • [132] A. Badr, H. H. El-Shazly, R. A. Tarawneh, and A. Börner, “Screening for drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm using germination and seedling traits under simulated drought conditions ,”Plants, Vol.9(5), 1-23, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9050565
  • [133] H. Webber, F. Ewert, J.E. Olesen, C. Müller, S. Fronzek, A. C. Ruane, M. Bourgault, P. Martre, B. Ababaei, M. Bindi, R. Ferrise, R. Finger, N. Fodor, C. Gabaldón-Leal, T. Gaiser, M. Jabloun, K. C. Kersebaum, J .I Lizaso, I .J. Lorite, and .D. Wallach, “Diverging importance of drought stress for maize and winter wheat in Europe, “Nature Communications, vol.9 (1), 42-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06525-2
  • [134] S. Rafique, “Drought responses on physiological attributes of Zea mays in relation to nitrogen and source-sink relationships,” Abiotic Stress Plants. 2020. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93747
  • [135] E. M. Bagula, J.G.M. Majaliwa, T.A. Basamba, J.G.M. Mondo, B. Vanlauwe, G. Gabiri, J.B. Tumuhairwe, G.N. Mushagalusa, P. Musinguzi, S. Akello and A. Egeru ,”Water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) crop under selected soil and water conservation practices along the slope gradient in Ruzizi watershed, eastern DR Congo,” Land, vol.11(10), 1-20, 2022..https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101833
  • [136] R. Bheemanahalli, P. Ramamoorthy, S. Poudel, S. Samiappan, N. Wijewardane, and K. R. Reddy, “Effects of drought and heat stresses during reproductive stage on pollen germination, yield, and leaf reflectance properties in maize (Zea mays L.),” Plant Direct, vol. 6(8), 1-14, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.434
  • [137] P. Previtali, F. Giorgini, R.S. Mullen, N. K. Dookozlian, K. L. Wilkinson, and C. M. Ford, “A systematic review and meta-analysis of vineyard techniques used to delay ripening," Horticulture Research, vol.9, (uhac104) 1-10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac118
  • [138] J. Rodriguez,” Sunburn in Citrus: Assessing Physiological Impacts and Mitigation Treatments (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A & M University-Kingsville),”2018. https://tinyurl.com/5vsrvzf7
  • [139] L. Sibande, A. Bailey, and S. Davidova,” The impact of farm input subsidies on maize marketing in Malawi,” Food Policy, vol.69, 190–206, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.04.001
  • [140] S. Koppmair, M. Kassie, and M.Quaim,” Farm production, market access and dietary diversity in Malawi,” Public Health Nutrition, vol.20 (2), 325–335, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016002135
  • [141] R. G Evans, and E. J. Sadler,”Methods and technologies to improve efficiency of water use,” Water resources research, Vol. 44(7), 1-15, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006200
  • [142] P. Kettlewell,” Economics of film antitranspirant application: a new approach to protecting wheat crops from drought-induced yield loss,”International Journal of Agricultural Management, vol.1, 43-45, 2011. https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/149907/
  • [143] B. P. Janawade, and Y. B. Palled, Effect of irrigation schedules, mulch and antitranspirants on growth, yield and economics of wheat (cv. DWD-I006). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science, vol.20 (1), 6-9, 2007. http://14.139.155.167/test5/index.php/kjas/article/view/829
There are 143 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Plant Physiology, Botany (Other)
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Yamıkanı Ntaıla 0000-0002-0312-2973

Publication Date September 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE Y. Ntaıla, “Use of anti-transpirants in maize cultivation as a potential novel approach to combat drought stress in the wake of climate change. A systematic review”, Etoxec, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 68–89, 2023, doi: 10.59838/etoxec.1321043.