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Sea Ice Trends on Polar Regions

Year 2023, Issue: 23, 38 - 54, 31.07.2023

Abstract

Measurements of sea ice levels have increased since 1979 when the continuously monitoring of the sea ice by satellites began. In this study, the annual trends that occur under the influence of the climate change in the Polar regions, Arctic and Antarctic, were reviewed. The values in all three distinctive physical features of sea ice are examined, the sea ice extent (SIE), sea ice volume (SIV) and sea ice thickness (SIT), and trend lists for both regions were created. All the trend values in the Arctic region are coherently negative. Especially in the future scenarios, according to SIE and SIV trend values, if the worst case (RCP 8.5) happens, Arctic will be almost free of ice in September before 2060. In Antarctic, trend values are generally in positive direction but in some cases, it shows negative values. Although no clear explanation was found about why the difference in Antarctic side, it is considered to be due to differences in measurement and calculation techniques or the short period. The numbers of SIE and SIV data sets are more than SIT data because it is very hard to obtain and cannot be directly measured from satellites.

References

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Year 2023, Issue: 23, 38 - 54, 31.07.2023

Abstract

References

  • Adcroft, A.J., Hill, C.N. and Marshall, J. Representation of topography by shaved cells in a height coordinate ocean model. Mon Wea Rev, 1998; 125: 2293-2315.
  • Aulicino, G., Fusco, G., Kern, S., and Budillon, G. 1992-2011 sea ice thickness estimation in the ross and Weddell seas from SSM/I brightness temperatures. Paper presented at the European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP, 2013; 712.
  • Bi, H., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Fu, M., . . . Xu, X. Arctic sea ice volume changes in terms of age as revealed from satellite observations. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2018; 11(7): 2223-2237. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2823735
  • Boé, J., Hall, A. & Qu, X. September sea-ice cover in the Arctic Ocean projected to vanish by 2100. Nature Geoscience, 2019; 2:341–343. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo467
  • Bunzel, F., Notz, D. and Pedersen, L. T. Retrievals of Arctic sea-ice volume and its trend significantly affected by interannual snow variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 2018; 45: 11,751– 11,759. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078867
  • Bushuk, M., Msadek, R., Winton, M., Vecchi, G. A., Gudgel, R., Rosati, A., and Yang, X. Summer enhancement of Arctic sea ice volume anomalies in the September-ice zone. Journal of Climate, 2017; 30(7): 2341-2362.
  • Candanosa, R.M. NASA Finds 2021 Arctic Summer Sea Ice 12th Lowest on Record. NASA's Climate Change News. Retrieved from https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3114/nasa-finds-2021-arctic-summer-sea-ice-12th-lowest-on-record/ Accessed at: 2021, September 22.
  • Cavalieri, D. J. and Parkinson, C. L. Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979-2010. Cryosphere, 2012; 6(4), 881-889. doi:10.5194/tc-6-881-2012
  • Cavalieri, D. J., Parkinson, C. L., & Vinnikov, K. Y. 30-year satellite record reveals contrasting arctic and Antarctic decadal sea ice variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 2003; 30(18): CRY 4-1-4-4. doi:10.1029/2003GL018031
  • CryoSat. 2021. Retrieved from https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/missions/cryosat
  • Deser, C. and Teng, H. Recent trends in arctic sea ice and the evolving role of atmospheric circulation forcing, 1979-2007. Arctic sea ice decline: Observations, projections, mechanisms, and implications, 2013; pp. 7-26. doi:10.1029/180GM03
  • Dokumcu, K. Investigation Of The Effects Of The Climate Change On The Oceanographic Conditions Of The East Marmara Sea (Master's thesis). Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, İstanbul, 2021.
  • Emery W. and Camps A. Introduction to Satellite Remote Sensing, 2017; 131-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809254-5.00004-X Francis, J. A., Chan W., Leathers D. J., Miller J. R., and Veron D. E. Winter Northern Hemisphere weather patterns remember summer Arctic sea-ice extent. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2009; 36: L07503, doi:10.1029/2009GL037274.
  • Gao, X., Pang, X., and Ji, Q. Spatiotemporal variation of sea ice freeboard in the Antarctic weddell sea based on CryoSat-2 altimeter data. Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Xinxi Kexue Ban)/Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2021; 46(1): 125-132. doi:10.13203/j.whugis20180504
  • Gerald M.A., Boer G.J., Covey C., Latif M. and Stouffer R.J. Intercomparison makes for a better climate model. EOS Science News, 1997; 78(41): 445-451. https://doi.org/10.1029/97EO00276
  • Holland, P. R., Bruneau, N., Enright, C., Losch, M., Kurtz, N. T., and Kwok, R. Modeled trends in antarctic sea ice thickness. Journal of Climate, 2014; 27(10): 3784-3801. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00301.1
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  • How we measure sea ice, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/cryosphere-oceans/sea-ice/measure
  • Huang, F., Zhou, X., and Wang, H. Arctic sea ice in CMIP5 climate model projections and their seasonal variability. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2017; 36(8). doi:10.1007/s13131-017-1029-8 ICESat. Retrieved from https://icesat.gsfc.nasa.gov/
  • Ilicak, M., Drange, H., Wang, Q., Gerdes, R., Aksenov, Y., Bailey, ... Yeager, S.G. An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes. Ocean Modelling, 2016; 100: 141-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004
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  • Itoh, M., Inoue J., Shimada K., Zimmermann S., Kikuchi T., Hutchings J., McLaughlin F.A., and Carmack E. Acceleration of sea ice melting due to transmitted heat through pounded ice area in the Arctic Ocean: Results of in situ observation from icebreakers in 2006 and 2007. Ann. Glaciol., 2011; 52: 249–260. doi:10.3189/172756411795931471
  • Kumar, A., Yadav, J., Mohan, R. Global warming leading to alarming recession of the Arctic sea-ice cover: Insights from remote sensing observations and model reanalysis. Heliyon, 2020; 6(7). doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04355 Kurtz, N. T., and Markus, T. (2012). Satellite observations of Antarctic sea ice thickness and volume. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117(8) doi:10.1029/2012JC008141
  • Kwok, R. Arctic sea ice thickness, volume, and multiyear ice coverage: Losses and coupled variability (1958-2018). Environmental Research Letters, 2018; 13(10). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aae3ec
  • Kwok, R. and Untersteiner N. The Thinning of Arctic Sea Ice. Physics Today, 2011; 64 (4): 36–41.
  • Labe, Z., National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff (Eds). The Climate Data Guide: Sea Ice Thickness Data Sets: Overview & Comparison Table. 2017. Retrieved from https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/sea-ice-thickness-data-sets-overview-comparison-table.
  • Labe, Z.M., Magnusdottir, G., and Stern, H.S. Variability of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Using PIOMAS and the CESM Large Ensemble. Journal of Climate, 2018; 31, 3233-3247.
  • Labe, Z. Arctic Sea Ice Volume/Thickness, 2021. Retrieved from https://sites.uci.edu/zlabe/arctic-sea-ice-volumethickness/
  • Laxon, S. W. and Coauthors. Cryosat-2 estimates of Arctic sea ice thickness and volume. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2013; 40: 732–737. doi:10.1002/grl.50193.
  • Li, M., Ke, C., Shen, X., Cheng, B. and Li, H. Investigation of the Arctic Sea ice volume from 2002 to 2018 using multi‐source data. International Journal of Climatology, 2021; 41: 2509-2527. doi:10.1002/joc.6972.
  • Li, M., Ke, C., Shen, X., Cheng, B., Li and H. Investigation of the Arctic Sea ice volume from 2002 to 2018 using multisource data. International Journal of Climatology, 2021; 41: 2509-2527. doi:10.1002/joc.6972.
  • Lindsay, R. and Zhang J. Arctic Ocean ice thickness: Modes of variability and the best locations from which to monitor them. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 2006; 36: 496–506, https://doi.org/10.1175/ JPO2861.1.
  • Lindsay, R. and Schweiger, A. Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Loss Determined using Subsurface, Aircraft, and Satellite Observations. The Cryosphere Discussions, 2014; 8. 10.5194/tcd-8-4545-2014.
  • Liu, Y., Key, J. R., Wang, X., & Tschudi, M. Multidecadal arctic sea ice thickness and volume derived from ice age. Cryosphere, 2020; 14(4), 1325-1345. doi:10.5194/tc-14-1325-2020
  • M. Zygmuntowska M., Rampal P., Ivanova N. and Smedsrud L. H. Uncertainties in Arctic sea ice thickness and volume: new estimatesand implications for trends. Cryosphere, 2014; 8: 705-720. doi:10.5194/tc-8-705-2014 Manabe S., Stouffer R.J., Spelman M.J. and Bryan K. Transient responses of a coupled atmosphere–ocean model to gradual changes of atmospheric CO2. I. Annual mean response. J Clim, 1991; 4: 785–818.
  • Massonnet F., Mathiot P., Fichefet T., Goosse H., Beatty C., Vancoppenolle M. and Lavergne T. A model reconstruction of the Antarctic sea ice thickness and volume changes over 1980–2008 using data assimilation. Ocean Modelling, 2013; 64: 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.01.003.
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  • National Geographic. Arctic Ocean map, 2021. Retrieved from Arctic-map.jpg (4179×4200) (nationalgeographic.org)
  • NEMO, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.nemo-ocean.eu/doc/node4.html
  • Parkinson, C. L. Global Sea Ice Coverage from Satellite Data: Annual Cycle and 35-Yr Trends, Journal of Climate, 2014; 27(24): 9377-9382. https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/27/24/jcli-d-14-00605.1.xml
  • Quick facts, 2021. Retrieved from https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/quickfacts/seaice.html#:~:text=Arctic%20sea%20ice%20keeps%20the%20polar%20regions%20cool,the%20ocean%20absorbs%2090%20percent%20of%20the%20sunlight.
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Maritime Engineering
Journal Section Review
Authors

Kubilay Dökümcü 0000-0002-6006-9742

Publication Date July 31, 2023
Submission Date March 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 23

Cite

APA Dökümcü, K. (2023). Sea Ice Trends on Polar Regions. GİDB Dergi(23), 38-54.

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