Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi

The journal aims to bring current and high quality studies in the field of nursing together with its readers and to contribute to the development of nursing education and practice.

Our journal publishes experimental and observational studies, research protocols, reviews, case reports and letters to the editor.

The journal is an official, international and peer-reviewed publication organ of the Association for Research Development in Nursing. It is published in Turkish and English languages in accordance with the peer-review method and double-blind refereeing principles. The journal is published online three times a year in April, August and December. The journal started its publication life in 1999 and has been continuing its publication life in digital environment since 2003.

Subject Category: Health Sciences

Subject area: Nursing and Midwifery

Keywords: Advanced nursing practice, cancer nursing, community health care, public health nursing, elderly individuals, geriatric nursing, health protection and promotion, home care, mental health nursing, nursing, nursing practice, nursing research, pediatrics, surgical nursing, management in nursing, obstetrics and gynaecology nursing, nursing teaching, internal medicine nursing, postgraduate education, primary health care

Publication Language
Full Text Language:
• First Language: Turkish
• Second Language: English
Text written in English and Latin alphabet:
• Title: Turkish & English
• Author Name: Turkish & English
• Author Adress: Turkish & English
• Key words: Turkish & English
• References: Turkish or English
Full Text: Turkish or English

Article Submissions
Submitted manuscripts should be appropriate to the purpose and scope of the journal. Original, unpublished manuscripts that are not in the evaluation process in another journal and whose content and submission have been approved by each author are accepted for evaluation.

Readership
The target readership is members of professions, specialists, researchers, speciality and doctoral students as well as students related to this field in all areas of health. It aims to contribute to the spread of continuous professional development and research culture. However, it is also open to the studies of all researchers who serve the purpose of our journal, work in health-related disciplines and are interested in interdisciplinary cooperation.

Fee Policy
The publication of articles in the journal and the execution of article processes are not subject to any fee. No processing or submission fee is charged under any name for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication. Research and Development in Nursing journal does not accept sponsorship and advertisement in accordance with its publication policies. All expenses of the Journal of Research and Development in Nursing are covered by the Association for Research and Development in Nursing.

Copyright
The copyrights of the studies published in the Journal of Research and Development in Nursing belong to the authors. Authors give permission for the intellectual work they submit to be published by the Journal of Research and Development in Nursing under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) licence.

Originality of Articles
The Journal of Research and Development in Nursing does not accept studies previously published elsewhere. However, published articles in a foreign language may sometimes be accepted.

Article Preparation
Language: Turkish, English
Types of Articles: (1) Systematic review and Meta analysis, (2) Original research (Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed methods) (3) Clinical study; (4) Pilot study, (5) Protocols developed for experimental research study or systematic review, (6) Scale development studies, (7) Case presentation/report
Review articles will not be accepted for publication; reviews invited by the editors will be published. Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses that are prepared and appropriately conducted under PRISMA guidance to provide an Evidence Synthesis will be considered.
However, we advise authors to be as concise as possible for dissemination of the work.
Manuscript Format: doc, docx format
Image Format: PNG/JPNG
Citation Style: APA 6
Author Change: Only processed before the manuscript is accepted. Authors should carefully review the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the final author list at the time of original submission.

Writing rules:
In articles submitted to the journal, we kindly request that you use the following reporting guidelines appropriate to the methodology of your study and indicate them in the articles.
(1) Randomized experiments SPIRIT or CONSORT Extensions
(2) Observational studies STROBE Extensions
(3) Systematic reviews PRISMA Extensions
(4) Study protocols SPIRIT PRISMA-P
(5) Diagnostic studies STARD TRIPOD
(6) Case reports CARE Extensions
(7) Clinical practice guidelines AGREE RIGHT
(8) Qualitative research SRQR COREQ

Page layout
• Texts should be placed on the page in A4 standard, leaving 2.5 cm of space on all edges.
• Footnotes should not be used in studies, explanations should be given in the text.
• Page numbers should be placed at the end and in the middle of the page, starting from the summary page.
• Full line spacing should be used in abstracts and references.
• Line spacing in the main text should be 1.15 lines.
• There should be a 6 pt space between section titles and the text before the title.
• Paragraphs should not be indented and text should be justified.
• Articles submitted to the journal (except case reports) should not exceed 5000 words for the main text, including quotations, excluding abstract, tables and references.
• Case reports submitted to the journal should not exceed 2000 words.
• The abstract should be between 200-250 words and should be prepared in Turkish and English.

Type and characters
• "Times New Roman" type font should be used in the whole text.
• The Turkish and English title of the article should be written in 14 pt size, with the first letter of each word capitalised, bold and centre-aligned.
• The title of the Abstract / Abstract should be written in 11 pt size, capitalised, bold and left justified.
• The text of the Abstract / Abstract, including subheadings and keywords, should be written in 9 pt, the first letter of each word should be capitalised and bold.
• In-text headings should not be numbered and should be written in 11 pt, large, bold and left justified.
For example: INTRODUCTION
• In-text subheadings should be 11 pt, the first letter of each word capitalised, bold and left justified. -
The main text should be written in
11 pt size using "Times New Roman" type. - Commas should be used when separating decimal numbers. There should be no space between the % sign and the numbers.
The percentage sign should be written before the number in Turkish articles and after the number in English articles. For example, for Turkish; 38.5%, for English; 38.5%
• ( ), " " and / should be written without a space before and after the sentence / word written inside the sign.
Writing Keywords
• At least three keywords should be written. - Authors should make it a principle to use Turkish Scientific Terms and MeSH
in keyword selection. English keywords should be given in accordance with "Medical Subject Headings (MESH)" (www.nlm.nih.gov). Turkish keywords should be given in accordance with the Turkish Scientific Terms (TBT) (www.bilimterimleri.com).
The manuscript should be submitted in separate files in accordance with the following criteria:
(1) title page;
(2) main text file;
(3) tables and figures;
(4) ethics committee document;
(5) copyright notice text and authorship consent form,

1. Title Page
• The title should be a short informative one containing keywords, maximum 20 words.
• The title should not contain abbreviations.
• It should be less than 40 characters and should also include a short title.
• Full names and surnames of all authors should be written in CAPITAL LETTERS.
• Institutional information, titles, e-mail addresses and ORCID number of all authors should be written.
• Corresponding author should be indicated and detailed contact information should be included.
• The authorship of all authors should be indicated.
• Acknowledgements (if necessary) can be included on the title page.
• Conflict of Interest statement should be included.
• Financing Statement should be included.
• If available, Clinical Research Registration Number can be written.
• If the article has been previously presented as a paper, the name of the paper, the name of the congress, date and time should be written.

2. Main Text File
• The main text file should not contain any information that can identify the authors as it will be subjected to double-blind peer-review.
• The main text file should include the title of the study, Turkish and English abstract, keywords, main text of the study and bibliography.
• The main text file should be prepared according to the type of research.

Research Articles:
• The abstract of the research article should include the sub-headings of Objective, Method, Results and Practical Use.
• The titles of the research article should be as follows.
INTRODUCTION
Aim of the research
METHODS and METHODS
• Type of the research
• Population and sample of the research
• Data collection tools
• Collection of data
• Ethical dimension
• Analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Limitations of the research
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES

Case report:
The case presentation should begin with the indication that the "Informed Consent Form" has been obtained and the permission for the use of scales and photographs, if used.
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES

Systematic Review and Meta Analyses:
• In Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, the abstract should include the sub- headings Aim, Method, Findings and Use in Practice.
• The main texts of Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses should be structured as follows.
INTRODUCTION
METHOD
Aim/objectives
Design
Search strategy
Search results
Quality and bias Evaluation
Data extraction
Synthesis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

3. Tables and Figures
Tables and figures should be prepared as specified in the General Writing Rules of the journal and should be presented in a separate file, not in the main text file.
•Table title should be placed above the table (Table 1. Xxxxxx), figure title should be placed below the figure in 10 pt, only the first letter of the title should be capitalised, bold and left justified.
• Tables should be numbered in accordance with the order of transition in the main text and the places where they should be placed should be indicated.
• Tables should be independent and should not be identical to the information in the text and should be complementary. They should not be pasted as images but provided as editable files. Indicators should be brief but comprehensive. Tables, explanations and footnotes should be understandable without reference to the text. All abbreviations should be defined in footnotes. Table titles should be written according to the example of "Table 1. Main characteristics of included studies". Maximum 5 tables and figures should be included.
• Figure and its description should be understandable without referring to the text. The symbols used must have definitions and all abbreviations and units of measurement must be defined.

4. Ethics Committee Certificate
Authors who wish to submit an article to the journal must upload the permissions obtained from the ethics committees for studies conducted in humans or animals. Ethics committee approval is not required for case reports and systematic reviews.

5. Copyright Notice Text and Authorship Approval Form
Authors/authors who want to upload an article to the Journal of Research and Development in Nursing should sign the
Copyright Notice Text and Authorship Approval Form and upload it to the Dergipark system.

6. Similarity Report The
Plagiarism reports are evaluated by the journal. However, authors are advised to check their own manuscripts before submission.

Source Display Style
Articles should be prepared according to APA 6 Citation System. In the discipline, APA 6 footnote or in-text system, whichever is widely used, may be preferred.
https://apastyle.apa.org/6th-edition-resources/ 
In addition, references should be written in "Times New Roman" with 10 pt. The first line should be on the left and the second line should be indented 1.25.

APA (6th Edition) Bibliography Examples
In-text citations
Notation for single author (Bilgili, 2021)
Cited for two authors (Morse & Anderson, 2021) Cited for more than two authors (Jameson et al., 2021).
For more than one citation, alphabetical order should be used (Deliktas Demirci et al., 2021; Fernández-Castillo et al., 2021; Goh et al., 2021; González-Gil et al., 2018; Tan et al., 2006).
Journal article with 2-7 authors;
Joo, J. Y., & Liu, M. F. (2021). Nurses' barriers to caring for patients with COVID-19: A qualitative systematic review. International Nursing Review, 68(2), 202- 213.
In-text citation: (Joo & Liu, 2021)
Citation in a sentence: Joo and Liu (2021)
Ramus, F., Rosen, S., Dakin, S. C., Day, B. L., Castellote, J. M., White, S., & Frith, U. (2003). Theories of developmental dyslexia: Insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults. Brain, 126(4), 841-865.
In-text citation: (Ramus et al., 2003)
In-sentence citation: Ramus et al. (2003) Journal article with 7 or more authors
Rutter, M., Caspi, A., Fergusson, D., Horwood, L. J., Goodman, R., Maughan, B., ... Carroll, J. (2004). Sex differences in developmental reading disability: New findings from 4 epidemiological studies. Journal of the American Medical Association, 291(16), 2007- 2012.
Book
Alpar, R. (2014). Applied statistics and reliability-validity, (3rd edition) Ankara: Detay
Publishing Book Chapter
Phillips S. J. and Whisnant J. P. (1995). Hypertension and stroke. In: J. H. Laragh and B. M. Brenner (Eds), Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management (2nd ed., pp. 465-478). New York: Raven Press
Final Checklist
It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final check of the manuscript before it is uploaded to the journal system.

Make sure that the following items are present:
1.Author information added.
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• Telephone number
2. All required files have been installed.
• Article text
• Copyright Notice Text
3. The article has been "spell-checked" and "grammar-checked".
4. All references mentioned in the bibliography have been cited in the text and vice versa.

Submit Manuscript
Submissions should be addressed to the corresponding author
of the manuscript. All correspondence regarding the application is sent to the corresponding author by e-mail sent through the journal system.
When uploading the manuscript file, make sure that this file does not contain any elements that will decipher the identity of the author due to the double-blind review process.
Files You Need to Upload Separately:
1) Full Text of Article
2) Title Page
3) Tables and Figures
4) Ethics Committee Certificate
5) Copyright Notice Text and Authorship Consent Form

Author's Guide

Duties and Responsibilities of Authors

Authorship and Contribution
Authorship should be limited to those who made significant contributions to the conception, design, conduct, or interpretation of the study. All significant contributors should be listed as co-authors. If there are minor contributors to the work, e.g. language editing, they should be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section. The corresponding author should ensure that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission for publication. Authors are expected to carefully review the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and to provide the final author list at the time of original submission. Only in exceptional circumstances will the editor consider the addition, deletion, or reorganisation of authors after the manuscript has been submitted. All authors must agree to any such addition, deletion or reorganisation. Authors take joint responsibility for the work.

Author Change Requests
Addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the author list can only be made before the manuscript is accepted and only if approved by the Editor of the journal.
If such a change is requested, the Editor will request from the responsible author (a) the reason for the change in the author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail) from all authors that they agree to the addition. Only in exceptional cases will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or reorganisation of authors after the article has been accepted.

Article Writing
Authors of original research papers should address the topic in an original way and with an objective discussion. The paper should include sufficient detail and references to allow others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly false statements constitute unethical behaviour and are unacceptable.

Originality
The author should provide assurance that the article is original, has not been previously published elsewhere, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in another language.

Using Original Sources and Citation
Authors must ensure that they have written entirely original work and, if they have used the work or words of others, that this is properly cited. Privately obtained information, such as in conversations, correspondence or discussions with third parties, should not be used without the express written permission of the source.

Data Access and Preservation
Authors may be asked to provide research data supporting their articles for editorial review and/or to comply with the journal's open data requirements. Authors should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if possible, and to retain such data for a reasonable period after publication. The journal recommends uploading research data to TUBITAK's Aperta Portal.

Multiple and Simultaneous Publication
An author should not publish an article containing the same research in more than one journal. It is unethical to submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. An author should not submit a previously published article for consideration in another journal, except in the form of an abstract.

Publication of Studies Based on Questionnaires and Interviews
For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval must be obtained, this approval must be stated and documented in the article. In researches requiring ethics committee approval, information about the approval (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section, as well as on one of the first/last pages of the article; in case reports, information on the signature of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

Conflict of Interest
Any financial or other interest that may cause the person to be conflicted in his/her work, significantly impair his/her objectivity, or provide an unfair advantage in favour of any person or organisation. All sources of financial support received during the conduct of the research and preparation of the manuscript and the role of sponsors in the study should be disclosed. If there is no source of funding, this should also be indicated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include consultancies, salaries, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.

Error Reporting
When an author notices a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her published work, he/she should notify the journal immediately. It is also the author's obligation to withdraw the manuscript or to co-operate to correct it if deemed necessary by the editor. If the editor or publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains errors, it is the author's obligation to co-operate with the editor, including informing the editor.

Image Integrity
It is unacceptable to enhance, darken, move, remove or add a specific feature in an image. Authors must adhere to the policy for graphic images implemented by the journal.

Publication Ethics Principles
Publication Ethics can be defined as a self-regulatory mechanism that insists on integrity on behalf of authors, reviewers and publishers to establish higher standards of editorial processing. Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high quality scientific publications, public trust in scientific findings, and respect for people's opinions.
• Be honest and do not plagiarize.
• Be careful not to misrepresent sources.
• Do not hide irrefutable objections.
• Do not distort opposing views.
• Do not destroy or hide data

Peer-reviewed studies are studies that support and apply the scientific method. At this point, it is of great importance that all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, referees and editors) comply with ethical principles. Journal of Research and Development in Nursing adheres to national and international standards on research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. The Journal of Research and Development in Nursing has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). It is also committed to abide by the decisions of the Turkish Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Türkiye Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria)

Rebroadcast
Republishing is the publication of the same article or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. The editor sends such an article back without review. The editor may then impose an embargo on the author who has attempted to republish for a certain period of time, make a public announcement in the journal in which the author has previously published (perhaps in a simultaneous announcement with the editor of the journal that published the previous article), or all of these measures together.

Simultaneous submission of the same work to more than one journal
Authors may not submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. If the editor learns of possible simultaneous submission, he/she reserves the right to consult with the other editor(s) receiving the manuscript. In addition, the editor may return the manuscript without review or reject the manuscript without considering the reviews, or take this decision in discussion with the other editor(s) involved, and may decide not to accept submissions from authors for a certain period of time. It may also write to the authors' employers or take all of these measures together.

Plagiarism Prevention Control
Plagiarism is presenting the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, figures or works of others as one's own work in whole or in part without citing the owners in accordance with scientific rules.
The Journal of Research and Development in Nursing screens all submitted articles to prevent plagiarism. The studies submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using Turnitin & Ithenticate software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 20%. The main measure of similarity is the author's compliance with the citation and citation rules. If the similarity rate appears to be 1%, but the citation and citation are not done properly, plagiarism may still be in question. In this respect, citation and quotation rules should be known and carefully applied by the author.
Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/ denied authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, sliced publication, copyright infringement and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behavior. All articles that do not comply with accepted ethical standards are removed from publication. This includes articles that contain possible irregularities or non-compliances detected after publication.

Forgery
Producing data that is not based on research, editing or modifying the submitted or published work based on untrue data, reporting or publishing them, and presenting research that has not been conducted as if it has been conducted.
Falsifying research records and data obtained, showing methods, devices and materials that were not used in the research as if they were used, not evaluating data that do not comply with the research hypothesis, manipulating data and/or results to fit the relevant theory or assumptions, falsifying or shaping the research results in line with the interests of the persons and organizations supported.

Protection of Participants' Personal Data
The Journal of Research Development in Nursing requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally available to the public be subject to formal ethical review.

Addressing Allegations of Research Misconduct
The Journal of Research Development in Nursing adheres to COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial. The editors of the Journal of Research Development in Nursing will take measures to prevent the publication of manuscripts in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, and other research misconduct has occurred. In no case will the editors of the Journal of Research Development in Nursing knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. If the editors of the Journal of Research Development in Nursing become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding allegations.

Ethical Violation Notifications
Readers can send an e-mail to hemarge@gmail.com if they notice a significant error or inaccuracy in an article published in the Journal of Research and Development in Nursing or if they have any complaints about the editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.). We welcome submissions and will respond quickly and constructively, as they provide an opportunity for improvement.

Correction, Withdrawal, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are identified in the published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations and conclusions. Editors should consider retracting the manuscript if there are major errors/violations that invalidate the findings and conclusions. Editors should consider issuing a statement of concern if there is a possibility of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions have not investigated the incident; or the potential investigation appears unfair or inconclusive. COPE and ICJME guidelines are followed regarding correction, retraction or expression of concern.

Publication of Studies Based on Surveys and Interviews
The Journal of Research and Development in Nursing adopts the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers" in order to provide ethical assurance in scientific periodical publishing. In this context, the following points should be followed in the studies submitted to the journal:
1) For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval must be obtained, this approval must be stated and documented in the article.
2) In studies requiring ethics committee approval, information about the permission (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section and on one of the first/last pages of the article; in case reports, information on the signing of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

Special Issue Publication Policy
A special issue may be published once a year upon the request of the Editorial Board. Articles submitted for inclusion in the special issue are first subjected to a preliminary editorial review. Then they are examined for compliance with the journal's spelling rules and similarity screening is performed to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, they are taken into the peer review process in which the double-blind model is used.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of the Journal of Research and Development in Nursing treat all submitted manuscripts as confidential documents, which means that they will not disclose information about a manuscript to anyone without the authors' permission. During the manuscript review process, the following people have access to the manuscripts: Editors, Reviewers, Editorial Board Members. The only time details about a manuscript may be passed to a third party without the authors' permission is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Allegations-Suspicions of Scientific Misconduct
There are different definitions of scientific misconduct. We address these issues on a case-by-case basis as the Journal of Research Development in Nursing follows guidance established by major publication ethics bodies. If the editor suspects or alleges an ethical violation, they are obliged to take action. This duty extends to both published and unpublished articles. The editor should not simply reject articles raising concerns about possible misconduct. They are ethically obliged to follow up on alleged cases. The editor should follow COPE flowcharts where appropriate. Editors should first seek a response from those suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the response, they should ask the relevant employer or organization to investigate. The editor should make all reasonable efforts to ensure that an appropriate investigation into the alleged misconduct is conducted; if this fails, the editor should make all reasonable attempts to insist on a resolution to the problem. This is a laborious but important task.
The Journal of Research Development in Nursing adheres to COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial. The editors of the Journal of Research Development in Nursing will take measures to prevent the publication of manuscripts in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, and other research misconduct has occurred. In no case will the Journal of Research Development in Nursing or its editors knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. If the editors of the Journal of Research Development in Nursing become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding allegations.
Reviewers should notify the Editor if they suspect research or publication misconduct. The Editor is responsible for taking appropriate action in accordance with COPE recommendations.
The Journal of Research and Development in Nursing is committed to following the COPE flowcharts when faced with allegations of misconduct on the following or similar issues.
• What to do if a rebroadcast is suspected
• What to do when plagiarism is suspected
• What to do when fabricated data is suspected
• What to do when requesting a change of authorship
• What to do when an undisclosed conflict of interest is suspected
• What to do when unfair or gift authorship is suspected
• What to do when an ethical problem is suspected in an article
• What to do when directly notified of a suspected ethical violation by e-mail, etc.
• What to do when a suspected ethical violation is announced via social media

Complaint Procedure
This procedure applies to complaints about content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of the Journal of Research and Development in Nursing or our editorial staff. Complaints can provide an opportunity and incentive for improvement and we aim to respond quickly, courteously and constructively.
The complaint must relate to content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of the Journal of Research and Development in Nursing or our editorial team. Complaints should be emailed directly to hemarge@gmail.com and will be treated confidentially. The editor will respond to complaints promptly. The editor follows the procedure outlined in the COPE flowchart regarding complaints.
Complaints are reviewed by the relevant member of the editorial team and, if not resolved, the following processes are followed:
• If this initial response is deemed inadequate, the complainant may request that the complaint be escalated to a more senior member of the journal.
• If the complainant is not satisfied, the complaint may be forwarded to the editor-in-chief.
• A full response will be provided within two weeks, if possible.
COPE publishes a code of practice for editors of scientific journals. This will facilitate the resolution of disputes with editors, journals and publishers, but only after the journal's own complaints procedures have been exhausted.

Appeal Process
We welcome serious objections to the evaluations made by editors and reviewers. If you feel that we have rejected your paper because we misunderstood its scientific content, please send an appeal message to our editorial team at hemarge@gmail.com. Do not attempt to submit a revised version of your article at this stage. If, after reading your appeal letter, we realize that your appeal is justified, we may invite you to submit a revised version of your manuscript. Your paper will then be resubmitted to the external reviewer process. Please include as much detail as possible in the appeal letter. Finally, we can only consider one appeal per article, so please take the time and effort to write a detailed letter to make your appeal clear - you have one chance, so use it well. We have found that prolonged deliberation over rejected papers is often unsatisfying for both authors and editors, so we do not process multiple appeals for the same paper.

Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest occurs when professional judgment about a primary interest may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal competition). We believe that we need to know the competing interests of the authors in order to make the best decision about how to handle an article, and that if we publish the article, readers need to know them too.
Any interest, financial or otherwise, that could cause one to be conflicted in one's work, significantly impair one's objectivity, or give an unfair advantage to any person or organization. All sources of financial support received during the conduct of the research and preparation of the manuscript and the role of sponsors in the study should be disclosed. If there is no source of funding, this should also be indicated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include consultancies, salaries, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.
The Journal of Research Development in Nursing has a set process for handling submissions from editors, staff or editorial board members to ensure impartial review. Such submissions are first referred to other journals. If this is not possible, the author of the submission is suspended from the journal. These submissions are reviewed in a double-blind process.
The editor should not be involved in decisions on manuscripts written by him/herself or by family members. Furthermore, such a paper should be subject to all the usual procedures of the journal. The editor should follow the ICMJE guidelines on disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

Principles of Research Ethics
The Journal of Research and Development in Nursing observes the highest standards in research ethics and adopts the international research ethics principles defined below. It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that the articles comply with ethical rules.
• The principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be ensured in the design, review of the design and conduct of the research.
• The research team and participants should be fully informed about the purpose of the research, its methods and possible anticipated uses, and the requirements and risks, if any, of participation in the research.
• Confidentiality of information provided by research participants and confidentiality of respondents must be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.
• Research participants should take part in the research voluntarily and should not be under any coercion.
• Harm to participants should be avoided. The research should be planned in a way that does not put participants at risk.
• Research independence must be clear and explicit; any conflict of interest must be stated.
• In experimental studies with human subjects, the written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. Consent must be obtained from the legal guardian of children and those under guardianship or with a confirmed mental illness.
• If the study will be conducted in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization that the study will be conducted.
• In studies with a human component, it should be stated in the "method" section that "informed consent" has been obtained from the participants and ethics committee approval has been obtained from the institution where the study is conducted.

The publication of articles in the journal and the execution of article processes are not subject to any fee. No processing fee or submission fee is charged under any name for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication. The Journal of Research and Development in Nursing does not accept sponsorship and advertising under its publication policies. All expenses of the Journal of Research and Development in Nursing are covered by the Association for Research and Development in Nursing.