Sağlık Çalışanı Olan ve Olmayan Ebeveynlerin Çocuk Besleme Tutum ve Davranışları

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 210 - 231, 30.04.2024

Gizem Aytekin Şahin Meliha Çavdar Zeynep Caferoğlu Akın

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ebeveynlerin sağlık çalışanı olmasının çocuk besleme konusundaki uygulama, tutum ve çocukluk çağı obezitesine yönelik algı ve ilgi üzerine etkisini değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca sağlık çalışanı olan ve olmayan ebeveynlerde hangi sosyodemografik özelliklerin çocuk besleme davranışı üzerinde etkili olduğunu değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kayseri ve civarı illerde yaşayan, 440 sağlık çalışanı ve 433 sağlık çalışanı olmayan ebeveyn ve 2-11 yaş arası çocukları çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Anket, iki bölümden oluşmaktadır: ebeveynler ve çocuklar hakkında genel bilgilerin yer aldığı bilgi formu ve Çocuk Beslenme Anketi. Daha sonra ebeveynlerin ve çocukların antropometrik ölçümleri ebeveyn beyanına göre kaydedilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hem sağlık çalışanı hem de sağlık çalışanı olmayan gruplarda yaş, çocuk sayısı, ebeveyn ve çocuk vücut ağırlığı, Çocuk Besleme Anketi alt ölçek puanlarına etki eden sosyodemografik özelliklerdendir (p<0,05). Sağlık çalışanı olmayan grupta ise bunlara ek olarak eğitim durumu, gelir düzeyi ve kız çocuğa sahip olmak da Çocuk Besleme Anketi alt ölçek puanları üzerinde etkili olmuştur (p<0,05). Ayrıca tüm karıştırıcı faktörler düzeltildikten sonra, sağlık çalışanı olan bir ebeveyne sahip olmak, “yemek yeme baskısı” puanlarında %18'lik bir azalma ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. (p=0,016).
Sonuç: Ebeveynin sağlık çalışanı olması, “yeme baskısı” puanlarının azalmasına katkı sağlamıştır. Ayrıca iki grupta çocuk besleme uygulamalarını etkileyen farklı faktörlerin olduğu da görülmüştür. Bu nedenle çocukluk çağı obezitesi ile mücadelede ebeveynler için beslenme eğitimi programları planlarken ebeveynlerin yaş, eğitim durumu, gelir düzeyi, meslek gibi sosyodemografik özellikleri dikkate alınmalıdır.

Keywords

sağlık çalışanı, Çocuk, besleme davranışı, ebeveyn, obezite

Ethical Statement

Araştırmaya başlamadan önce Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Etik Kurulu’ndan izin alınmıştır (Başvuru No: 88 ve Tarih: 27/11/2018). Daha sonra katılımcılar, Helsinki Deklarasyonu’na uygun olarak bilgilendirilmiş ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olanlara aydınlatılmış gönüllü olur formu okutulup imzalatılmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Çalışma kapsamında finansal destek alınmamıştır.

Thanks

Verilerin toplanmasındaki katkılarından dolayı Büşra Adıbelli, Gizem Yaşar, Mehmet Çadır, Merve Üren, Solmaz Yeniel ve Yılmazcan Utku Seyhan’a teşekkür ederiz.

Child Feeding Attitudes and Behaviors of Healthcare Professional and Non-Healthcare Professional Parents

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of parents being healthcare professional on child-feeding practices, attitudes, perceptions, and interests in childhood obesity. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate which sociodemographic characteristics were effective on child-feeding behavior in healthcare and non-healthcare professional parents.
Materials and Methods: 440 healthcare and 433 non-healthcare professional parents and their children aged 2-11 living in Kayseri and surrounding provinces were included in the study. The questionnaire consists of two parts: an information form containing general information about parents and children and a Child Feeding Questionnaire. Then, anthropometric measurements of parents and children were recorded according to parental declaration.
Results: Age, number of children, parents’ and children’s body weight were among the sociodemographic characteristics that affect the Child Feeding Questionnaire subscale scores in both healthcare and non-healthcare professional group (p<0,05). In the non-healthcare professional group, in addition to these, educational status, income level and having a daughter were also effective on Child Feeding Questionnaire subscale scores (p<0,05). In addition, after adjusting for all confounding factors, having a parent who is a healthcare professional was associated with an 18% reduction in “pressure to eat” scores. (p=0,016).
Conclusion: The fact that the parent is a healthcare professional contributed to the decrease in “pressure to eat” scores. It was also observed that there were different factors affecting child-feeding practices in two groups. Therefore, sociodemographic characteristics of parents, such as age, education level, income level, and job, should be considered when planning nutrition education programs for parents in the fight childhood obesity.

Keywords

Child, feeding behavior, parent, obesity, healthcare professional

References

• Ayine, P., Selvaraju, V., Venkatapoorna, C. M. K., & Geetha, T. (2020). Parental feeding practices in relation to maternal education and childhood obesity. Nutrients, 12(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041033
• Banwat, M. E., Haruna, S. A., Vongdip, N. G., Duru, A. K., & Afolaranmi, T. O. (2018). Assessment of the nutritional knowledge, eating habits and nutritional statuses of healthcare workers in Jos, North-central Nigeria. Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 3(2), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.31248/rjfsn2018.037
• Birch, L. L., Fisher, J. O., Grimm-Thomas, K., Markey, C. N., Sawyer, R., & Johnson, S. L. (2001). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: A measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite, 36(3), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.2001.0398
• Birch, L. L,, Fisher J. O., & Krahnstoever Davison, K. (2003). Learning to overeat: maternal use of restrictive feeding practices promotes girls’ eating in the absence of hunger. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003, 78(12), 215–220.
• Camci, N., Bas, M., & Buyukkaragoz, A. H. (2014). The psychometric properties of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) in Turkey. Appetite, 78, 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.03.009
• Clark, H. R., Goyder, E., Bissell, P., Blank, L., & Peters, J. (2007). How do parents’ child-feeding behaviours influence child weight? Implications for childhood obesity policy. Journal of Public Health, 29(2), 132–141. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdm012
• Crowley, J., Ball, L., & Hiddink, G. J. (2019). Nutrition in medical education: a systematic review. The Lancet Planetary Health, 3(9), e379–e389. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30171-8
• Erdem, S., Gökmen Özel, H., Çınar, Z., & Yılmaz Işıkhan, S. (2017). Farklı sosyoekonomik düzeye sahip çocuklarda ailenin beslenme tutum ve davranışlarının çocuğun beslenme durumuna etkisi. Bes Diy Derg, 45(1), 3–11.
• Faith, M. S., Scanlon, K. S., Birch, L. L., Francis, L. A., & Sherry, B. (2004). Parent-child feeding strategies and their relationships to child eating and weight status. Obesity Research, 12(11), 1711–1722. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2004.212
• Geiß, H. C., Parhofer, K. G., & Schwandt, P. (2001). Parameters of childhood obesity and their relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in healthy prepubescent children. International Journal of Obesity, 25(6), 830–837. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801594
• Gregori, D., Hochdorn, A., Azzolina, D., Berchialla, P., & Lorenzoni, G. (2018). Does love really make mothers blind? A large transcontinental study on mothers’ awareness about their children’s weight. Obesity, 26(7), 1211–1224. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22214
• Grimaccia, E., & Naccarato, A. (2022). Food ınsecurity in Europe: A gender perspective. Social Indicators Research, 161(2–3), 649–667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02387-8
• He, L., Zhai, Y., Engelgau, M., Li, W., Qian, H., Si, X., Gao, X., Sereny, M., Liang, J., Zhu, X., & Shi, X. (2014). Association of children’s eating behaviors with parental education, and teachers’ health awareness, attitudes and behaviors: Eur J Public Health, 24(6), 880–887. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckt177.
• Jansen, E., Harris, H. A., Mallan, K. M., Daniels, L., & Thorpe, K. (2018). Measurement invariance of the feeding practices and Structure Questionnaire-28 among a community of socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers and fathers. Appetite, 120, 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.030
• Karaçil Ermumcu, M. Ş., & Acar Tek, N. (2016). Sağlık profesyonellerinde sağlıklı beslenme kaygısı: ortoreksiya nervoza (ON). Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 59-71.
• Lee, J. S., Jin, M. H., & Lee, H. J. (2022). Global relationship between parent and child obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics, 65(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.01620
• Liew, J., Zhou, Z., Perez, M., Yoon, M., & Kim, M. (2020). Parental child-feeding in the context of child temperament and appetitive traits: Evidence for a biopsychosocial process model of appetite self-regulation and weight status. Nutrients, 12(11), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113353
• Nicolaidis, S. (2019). Environment and obesity. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 100, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2019.07.006
• Pandey, S., Rai, S., Paudel, N., Shrestha, A., & Gautam, S. (2019). Parental child feeding practices and their relationship with children’s dietary intake and weight status in Nepal. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 12, 325–333. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S195106
• Raaijmakers, L. G., Gevers, D. W., Teuscher, D., Kremers, S. P., & Van Assema, P. (2014). Emotional and instrumental feeding practices of Dutch mothers regarding foods eaten between main meals. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-171
• Shloim, N., Edelson, L. R., Martin, N., & Hetherington, M. M. (2015). Parenting styles, feeding styles, feeding practices, and weight status in 4-12 year-old children: A systematic review of the literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(DEC). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01849
• Suprawoto, D. N., Hayati, H., Rachmawati, I. N., & Wanda, D. (2019). “Fat Kids Are Adorable”: The Experiences of Mothers Caring for Overweight Children in Indonesia. Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 42(sup1), 226–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694193.2019.1594454
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2022). Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER) 2022. Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No:1031.
• Tarro, S., Lahdenperä, M., Vahtera, J., Pentti, J., & Lagström, H. (2022). Parental feeding practices and child eating behavior in different socioeconomic neighborhoods and their association with childhood weight. The STEPS study. Health and Place, 74(December 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102745
• Vandeweghe, L., Moens, E., Braet, C., Van Lippevelde, W., Vervoort, L., & Verbeken, S. (2016). Perceived effective and feasible strategies to promote healthy eating in young children: Focus groups with parents, family child care providers and daycare assistants. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3710-9
• Ventura, A. K., & Birch, L. L. (2008). Physical activity, overweight and central adiposity in Swedish children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(15), 1–12.
• World Health Organization (WHO). Obesity and overweight, 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.
• World Health Organization (WHO). Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO Technical Report Series 854. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1995.
• World Health Organization (WHO). Regional office for Europe. (2022). WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022. http://apps.who.int/bookorders.
• Wright, A. S., Tulloch-Reid, M. K., Chang, S. M., & Walker, S. P. (2021). Maternal characteristics influence infant feeding styles in Caribbean women. Public Health Nutrition, 24(18), 6034–6045. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021002391
• Zarnowiecki, D. M., Dollman, J., & Parletta, N. (2014). Associations between predictors of children’s dietary intake and socioeconomic position: A systematic review of the literature. Obesity Reviews, 15(5), 375–391. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12139