Research Article
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Investigation of the effect of camshaft profiles designed with the circular arc curve method for a common rail dual fuel engine on mechanical vibration and noise emissions

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 269 - 278, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1300577

Abstract

In this study, the design and manufacturing of cam profiles with different valve lifts were carried out using the geometric spring curve method for a single-cylinder, four-stroke common rail diesel engine. Subsequently, the impact of the designed cam profiles on vibration and noise emissions in conventional diesel combustion was examined. The effects of the cam profiles obtained using the circular spring curve method and fitted with Fourier series on the tappet's speed, acceleration, and leap were examined, and then the cam profiles to be manufactured were determined. Experimental tests were conducted on vibration and noise emissions using the manufactured cam profiles with pure diesel fuel at five different engine loads and a constant engine speed. When the results are examined, increasing the valve lift amount compared to the original cam resulted in an approximate 24% increase in vibration level, while decreasing the valve lift amount reduced the vibration level by approximately 20%. the effect of cam profile modification on average noise emissions was quite evident.

Supporting Institution

Selcuk University BAP/Turkey

Project Number

21406001

Thanks

This study was supported by Selcuk University BAP/TURKEY in frame of the project code of 21406001 as researchers, we thank the Selcuk University BAP/TURKEY.

References

  • [1] Ho IC, Choe TH, Choe SG, Mun MH, Kim IJ, Ri JH, et al. Effect of the geometrical shapes of the helical-spiral shroud intake valve on swirl generation in cylinder of diesel engine. Results in Engineering 2023:101132.
  • [2] Deheri C, Acharya SK, Thatoi DN, Mohanty AP. A review on performance of biogas and hydrogen on diesel engine in dual fuel mode. Fuel 2020;260:116337.
  • [3] Cheung K, Ntziachristos L, Tzamkiozis T, Schauer J, Samaras Z, Moore K, et al. Emissions of particulate trace elements, metals and organic species from gasoline, diesel, and biodiesel passenger vehicles and their relation to oxidative potential. Aerosol Science and Technology 2010;44(7):500-13.
  • [4] Gülcan HE, Gültekin N, Ciniviz M. The Effect of Methanol-Dodecanol Addition on Performance and Smoke Emission in a CI Engine with Diesel Fuel. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 2022;6(2):207-13.
  • [5] Chen H, Su X, Li J, Zhong X. Effects of gasoline and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers blending in diesel on the combustion and emission of a common rail diesel engine. Energy 2019;171:981-99.
  • [6] Hariharan D, Krishnan SR, Srinivasan KK, Sohail A. Multiple injection strategies for reducing HC and CO emissions in diesel-methane dual-fuel low temperature combustion. Fuel 2021;305:121372.
  • [7] Chen Z, Wang L, Wang X, Chen H, Geng L, Gao N. Experimental study on the effect of water port injection on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel/methane dual-fuel engines. Fuel 2022;312:122950.
  • [8] Gulcan HE, Ciniviz M. The effect of pure methane energy fraction on combustion performance, energy analysis and environmental-economic cost indicators in a single-cylinder common rail methane-diesel dual fuel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering 2023:120712.
  • [9] Yousefi A, Guo H, Birouk M. An experimental and numerical study on diesel injection split of a natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine at a low engine load. Fuel 2018;212:332-46.
  • [10] Huang H, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Chen Y, Lv D, Zhu J, et al. Experimental and numerical study of multiple injection effects on combustion and emission characteristics of natural gas–diesel dual-fuel engine. Energy Conversion and Management 2019;183:84-96.
  • [11] Rahman KA, Ramesh A. Studies on the effects of methane fraction and injection strategies in a biogas diesel common rail dual fuel engine. Fuel 2019;236:147-65.
  • [12] Prabhu AV, Avinash A, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. Performance and emission evaluation of dual fuel CI engine using preheated biogas-air mixture. Science of The Total Environment 2021;754:142389.
  • [13] Dimitriou P, Kumar M, Tsujimura T, Suzuki Y. Combustion and emission characteristics of a hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel engine. International journal of hydrogen energy 2018;43(29):13605-17.
  • [14] Akansu SO, Dulger Z, Kahraman N, Veziroǧlu TN. Internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas—hydrogen mixtures. International journal of hydrogen energy 2004;29(14):1527-39.
  • [15] Chandra R, Vijay V, Subbarao P, Khura T. Performance evaluation of a constant speed IC engine on CNG, methane enriched biogas and biogas. Applied energy 2011;88(11):3969-77.
  • [16] Korakianitis T, Namasivayam A, Crookes R. Natural-gas fueled spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engine performance and emissions. Progress in energy and combustion science 2011;37(1):89-112.
  • [17] Wei L, Geng P. A review on natural gas/diesel dual fuel combustion, emissions and performance. Fuel Processing Technology 2016;142:264-78.
  • [18] Gültekin N, Ciniviz M. Examination of the effect of combustion chamber geometry and mixing ratio on engine performance and emissions in a hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel compression-ignition engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2023;48(7):2801-20.
  • [19] Nwafor O. Effect of choice of pilot fuel on the performance of natural gas in diesel engines. Renewable Energy 2000;21(3-4):495-504.
  • [20] McTaggart-Cowan G, Bushe W, Hill P, Munshi S. Nox. reduction from a heavy-duty diesel engine with direct injection of natural gas and cooled exhaust gas recirculation. International Journal of Engine Research 2004;5(2):175-91.
  • [21] Daisho Y, Yaeo T, Koseki T, Saito T, Kihara R, Quiros EN. Combustion and exhaust emissions in a direct-injection diesel engine dual-fueled with natural gas. SAE Technical Paper; 1995.
  • [22] McTaggart-Cowan G, Rogak S, Hill P, Munshi S, Bushe W. The effects of fuel dilution in a natural-gas direct-injection engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2008;222(3):441-53.
  • [23] McTaggart-Cowan G, Rogak S, Munshi S, Hill P, Bushe W. The influence of fuel composition on a heavy-duty, natural-gas direct-injection engine. Fuel 2010;89(3):752-9.
  • [24] Harrington J, Munshi S, Nedelcu C, Ouellette P, Thompson J, Whitfield S. Direct injection of natural gas in a heavy-duty diesel engine. Alternative Diesel Fuels 2002:249-58.
  • [25] McTaggart-Cowan G, Bushe W, Hill P, Munshi S. A supercharged heavy-duty diesel single-cylinder research engine for high-pressure direct injection of natural gas. International Journal of Engine Research 2003;4(4):315-30.
  • [26] Pirouzpanah V, Sarai RK. Reduction of emissions in an automotive direct injection diesel engine dual-fuelled with natural gas by using variable exhaust gas recirculation. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2003;217(8):719-25.
  • [27] Abdelaal M, Hegab A. Combustion and emission characteristics of a natural gas-fueled diesel engine with EGR. Energy conversion and management 2012;64:301-12.
  • [28] Gulcan HE, Ciniviz M. Experimental study on the effect of piston bowl geometry on the combustion performance and pollutant emissions of methane-diesel common rail dual-fuel engine. Fuel 2023;345:128175.
  • [29] Pulkrabek WW. Engineering fundamentals of the internal combustion engine. 2004.
  • [30] ÇINAR C, UYUMAZ A. Homojen Dolgulu Sıkıştırma İle Ateşlemeli Bir Benzin Motoru İçin Kam Tasarımı Ve İmalatı. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 2014;29(1).
  • [31] Yoon BO. Dynamic analysis and optimal design of over-head cam systems. University of Michigan; 1993. [32] Tsay D, Huey Jr C. Cam motion synthesis using spline functions. 1988.
  • [33] Tsay D, Huey Jr C. Cam Motion Synthesis Using Spline Functions: Part II—Applications. International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 97744. American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 1987:151-9.
  • [34] Tsay DM, Huey Jr C. Spline functions applied to the synthesis and analysis of non-rigid cam-follower systems. International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 26584. American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 1988:367-80.
  • [35] KARABULUT H, SARIDEMİR S. Farkli Supap Açik Kalma Süreleri ve Kurslari için Klasik Spline Yöntemi ile Elde Edilen Kam Profillerinin Karşilaştirilmasi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 2009;24(3).
  • [36] Mandal M, Naskar T. Introduction of control points in splines for synthesis of optimized cam motion program. Mechanism and Machine Theory 2009;44(1):255-71.
  • [37] Qiu H, Lin C-J, Li Z-Y, Ozaki H, Wang J, Yue Y. A universal optimal approach to cam curve design and its applications. Mechanism and machine theory 2005;40(6):669-92.
  • [38] Lanni C, Ceccarelli M, Figliolini G. An analytical design for three circular-arc cams. Mechanism and Machine Theory 2002;37(9):915-24.
  • [39] Hsieh J-F. Design and analysis of cams with three circular-arc profiles. Mechanism and Machine Theory 2010;45(6):955-65.
  • [40] Lampinen J. Cam shape optimisation by genetic algorithm. Computer-Aided Design 2003;35(8):727-37.
  • [41] Sarıdemir S, Saruhan H. Experimental analysis of maximum valve lift effects in cam-follower system for internal combustion engines. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 2014;28:3443-8.
  • [42] He B-Q, Xie H, Zhang Y, Qin J, Zhao H. An experimental study on HCCI combustion in a four-stroke gasoline engine with reduced valve lift operations. SAE Technical Paper; 2005.
  • [43] Zhang Y, Zhao H, Xie H, He B. Variable-valve-actuation-enabled high-efficiency gasoline engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2010;224(8):1081-95.
  • [44] Çinar C, Şahin F, Can Ö, Uyumaz A. A comparison of performance and exhaust emissions with different valve lift profiles between gasoline and LPG fuels in a SI engine. Applied thermal engineering 2016;107:1261-8.
  • [45] Gültekin N, Gülcan HE, Ciniviz M. Investigation of the effects of hydrogen energy ratio and valve lift amount on performance and emissions in a hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel compression ignition engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2023.
  • [46] Bayramoğlu K, Yilmaz S, Kaya KD. Numerical investigation of valve lifts effects on performance and emissions in diesel engine. International Journal of Global Warming 2019;18(3-4):287-303.
  • [47] Gong Z, Feng L, Wang Z. Experimental and numerical study of the effect of injection strategy and intake valve lift on super-knock and engine performance in a boosted GDI engine. Fuel 2019;249:309-25.
  • [48] Cinar C, Uyumaz A, Solmaz H, Topgul T. Effects of valve lift on the combustion and emissions of a HCCI gasoline engine. Energy Conversion and Management 2015;94:159-68.
  • [49] ISO 3746 Standart :2010.
  • [50] Heywood JB. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. McGraw-Hill Education; 2018.
  • [51] Cinar C, Ozdemir AO, Gulcan HE, Topgül T. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the performance of an Atkinson cycle engine. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2021;46:7841-50.
  • [52] Grohe H. Otto ve Dizel Motorları. Bilim Teknik Yayınevi, İstanbul 1999;180:205.
Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 269 - 278, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1300577

Abstract

Project Number

21406001

References

  • [1] Ho IC, Choe TH, Choe SG, Mun MH, Kim IJ, Ri JH, et al. Effect of the geometrical shapes of the helical-spiral shroud intake valve on swirl generation in cylinder of diesel engine. Results in Engineering 2023:101132.
  • [2] Deheri C, Acharya SK, Thatoi DN, Mohanty AP. A review on performance of biogas and hydrogen on diesel engine in dual fuel mode. Fuel 2020;260:116337.
  • [3] Cheung K, Ntziachristos L, Tzamkiozis T, Schauer J, Samaras Z, Moore K, et al. Emissions of particulate trace elements, metals and organic species from gasoline, diesel, and biodiesel passenger vehicles and their relation to oxidative potential. Aerosol Science and Technology 2010;44(7):500-13.
  • [4] Gülcan HE, Gültekin N, Ciniviz M. The Effect of Methanol-Dodecanol Addition on Performance and Smoke Emission in a CI Engine with Diesel Fuel. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 2022;6(2):207-13.
  • [5] Chen H, Su X, Li J, Zhong X. Effects of gasoline and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers blending in diesel on the combustion and emission of a common rail diesel engine. Energy 2019;171:981-99.
  • [6] Hariharan D, Krishnan SR, Srinivasan KK, Sohail A. Multiple injection strategies for reducing HC and CO emissions in diesel-methane dual-fuel low temperature combustion. Fuel 2021;305:121372.
  • [7] Chen Z, Wang L, Wang X, Chen H, Geng L, Gao N. Experimental study on the effect of water port injection on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel/methane dual-fuel engines. Fuel 2022;312:122950.
  • [8] Gulcan HE, Ciniviz M. The effect of pure methane energy fraction on combustion performance, energy analysis and environmental-economic cost indicators in a single-cylinder common rail methane-diesel dual fuel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering 2023:120712.
  • [9] Yousefi A, Guo H, Birouk M. An experimental and numerical study on diesel injection split of a natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine at a low engine load. Fuel 2018;212:332-46.
  • [10] Huang H, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Chen Y, Lv D, Zhu J, et al. Experimental and numerical study of multiple injection effects on combustion and emission characteristics of natural gas–diesel dual-fuel engine. Energy Conversion and Management 2019;183:84-96.
  • [11] Rahman KA, Ramesh A. Studies on the effects of methane fraction and injection strategies in a biogas diesel common rail dual fuel engine. Fuel 2019;236:147-65.
  • [12] Prabhu AV, Avinash A, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. Performance and emission evaluation of dual fuel CI engine using preheated biogas-air mixture. Science of The Total Environment 2021;754:142389.
  • [13] Dimitriou P, Kumar M, Tsujimura T, Suzuki Y. Combustion and emission characteristics of a hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel engine. International journal of hydrogen energy 2018;43(29):13605-17.
  • [14] Akansu SO, Dulger Z, Kahraman N, Veziroǧlu TN. Internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas—hydrogen mixtures. International journal of hydrogen energy 2004;29(14):1527-39.
  • [15] Chandra R, Vijay V, Subbarao P, Khura T. Performance evaluation of a constant speed IC engine on CNG, methane enriched biogas and biogas. Applied energy 2011;88(11):3969-77.
  • [16] Korakianitis T, Namasivayam A, Crookes R. Natural-gas fueled spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engine performance and emissions. Progress in energy and combustion science 2011;37(1):89-112.
  • [17] Wei L, Geng P. A review on natural gas/diesel dual fuel combustion, emissions and performance. Fuel Processing Technology 2016;142:264-78.
  • [18] Gültekin N, Ciniviz M. Examination of the effect of combustion chamber geometry and mixing ratio on engine performance and emissions in a hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel compression-ignition engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2023;48(7):2801-20.
  • [19] Nwafor O. Effect of choice of pilot fuel on the performance of natural gas in diesel engines. Renewable Energy 2000;21(3-4):495-504.
  • [20] McTaggart-Cowan G, Bushe W, Hill P, Munshi S. Nox. reduction from a heavy-duty diesel engine with direct injection of natural gas and cooled exhaust gas recirculation. International Journal of Engine Research 2004;5(2):175-91.
  • [21] Daisho Y, Yaeo T, Koseki T, Saito T, Kihara R, Quiros EN. Combustion and exhaust emissions in a direct-injection diesel engine dual-fueled with natural gas. SAE Technical Paper; 1995.
  • [22] McTaggart-Cowan G, Rogak S, Hill P, Munshi S, Bushe W. The effects of fuel dilution in a natural-gas direct-injection engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2008;222(3):441-53.
  • [23] McTaggart-Cowan G, Rogak S, Munshi S, Hill P, Bushe W. The influence of fuel composition on a heavy-duty, natural-gas direct-injection engine. Fuel 2010;89(3):752-9.
  • [24] Harrington J, Munshi S, Nedelcu C, Ouellette P, Thompson J, Whitfield S. Direct injection of natural gas in a heavy-duty diesel engine. Alternative Diesel Fuels 2002:249-58.
  • [25] McTaggart-Cowan G, Bushe W, Hill P, Munshi S. A supercharged heavy-duty diesel single-cylinder research engine for high-pressure direct injection of natural gas. International Journal of Engine Research 2003;4(4):315-30.
  • [26] Pirouzpanah V, Sarai RK. Reduction of emissions in an automotive direct injection diesel engine dual-fuelled with natural gas by using variable exhaust gas recirculation. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2003;217(8):719-25.
  • [27] Abdelaal M, Hegab A. Combustion and emission characteristics of a natural gas-fueled diesel engine with EGR. Energy conversion and management 2012;64:301-12.
  • [28] Gulcan HE, Ciniviz M. Experimental study on the effect of piston bowl geometry on the combustion performance and pollutant emissions of methane-diesel common rail dual-fuel engine. Fuel 2023;345:128175.
  • [29] Pulkrabek WW. Engineering fundamentals of the internal combustion engine. 2004.
  • [30] ÇINAR C, UYUMAZ A. Homojen Dolgulu Sıkıştırma İle Ateşlemeli Bir Benzin Motoru İçin Kam Tasarımı Ve İmalatı. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 2014;29(1).
  • [31] Yoon BO. Dynamic analysis and optimal design of over-head cam systems. University of Michigan; 1993. [32] Tsay D, Huey Jr C. Cam motion synthesis using spline functions. 1988.
  • [33] Tsay D, Huey Jr C. Cam Motion Synthesis Using Spline Functions: Part II—Applications. International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 97744. American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 1987:151-9.
  • [34] Tsay DM, Huey Jr C. Spline functions applied to the synthesis and analysis of non-rigid cam-follower systems. International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 26584. American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 1988:367-80.
  • [35] KARABULUT H, SARIDEMİR S. Farkli Supap Açik Kalma Süreleri ve Kurslari için Klasik Spline Yöntemi ile Elde Edilen Kam Profillerinin Karşilaştirilmasi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 2009;24(3).
  • [36] Mandal M, Naskar T. Introduction of control points in splines for synthesis of optimized cam motion program. Mechanism and Machine Theory 2009;44(1):255-71.
  • [37] Qiu H, Lin C-J, Li Z-Y, Ozaki H, Wang J, Yue Y. A universal optimal approach to cam curve design and its applications. Mechanism and machine theory 2005;40(6):669-92.
  • [38] Lanni C, Ceccarelli M, Figliolini G. An analytical design for three circular-arc cams. Mechanism and Machine Theory 2002;37(9):915-24.
  • [39] Hsieh J-F. Design and analysis of cams with three circular-arc profiles. Mechanism and Machine Theory 2010;45(6):955-65.
  • [40] Lampinen J. Cam shape optimisation by genetic algorithm. Computer-Aided Design 2003;35(8):727-37.
  • [41] Sarıdemir S, Saruhan H. Experimental analysis of maximum valve lift effects in cam-follower system for internal combustion engines. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 2014;28:3443-8.
  • [42] He B-Q, Xie H, Zhang Y, Qin J, Zhao H. An experimental study on HCCI combustion in a four-stroke gasoline engine with reduced valve lift operations. SAE Technical Paper; 2005.
  • [43] Zhang Y, Zhao H, Xie H, He B. Variable-valve-actuation-enabled high-efficiency gasoline engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2010;224(8):1081-95.
  • [44] Çinar C, Şahin F, Can Ö, Uyumaz A. A comparison of performance and exhaust emissions with different valve lift profiles between gasoline and LPG fuels in a SI engine. Applied thermal engineering 2016;107:1261-8.
  • [45] Gültekin N, Gülcan HE, Ciniviz M. Investigation of the effects of hydrogen energy ratio and valve lift amount on performance and emissions in a hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel compression ignition engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2023.
  • [46] Bayramoğlu K, Yilmaz S, Kaya KD. Numerical investigation of valve lifts effects on performance and emissions in diesel engine. International Journal of Global Warming 2019;18(3-4):287-303.
  • [47] Gong Z, Feng L, Wang Z. Experimental and numerical study of the effect of injection strategy and intake valve lift on super-knock and engine performance in a boosted GDI engine. Fuel 2019;249:309-25.
  • [48] Cinar C, Uyumaz A, Solmaz H, Topgul T. Effects of valve lift on the combustion and emissions of a HCCI gasoline engine. Energy Conversion and Management 2015;94:159-68.
  • [49] ISO 3746 Standart :2010.
  • [50] Heywood JB. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. McGraw-Hill Education; 2018.
  • [51] Cinar C, Ozdemir AO, Gulcan HE, Topgül T. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the performance of an Atkinson cycle engine. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2021;46:7841-50.
  • [52] Grohe H. Otto ve Dizel Motorları. Bilim Teknik Yayınevi, İstanbul 1999;180:205.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Halil Erdi Gülcan 0000-0002-2328-5809

Nurullah Gültekin 0000-0002-0139-1352

Murat Ciniviz 0000-0003-3512-6730

Project Number 21406001
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date May 22, 2023
Acceptance Date October 2, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Gülcan, H. E., Gültekin, N., & Ciniviz, M. (2023). Investigation of the effect of camshaft profiles designed with the circular arc curve method for a common rail dual fuel engine on mechanical vibration and noise emissions. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 7(4), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1300577
AMA Gülcan HE, Gültekin N, Ciniviz M. Investigation of the effect of camshaft profiles designed with the circular arc curve method for a common rail dual fuel engine on mechanical vibration and noise emissions. ijastech. December 2023;7(4):269-278. doi:10.30939/ijastech.1300577
Chicago Gülcan, Halil Erdi, Nurullah Gültekin, and Murat Ciniviz. “Investigation of the Effect of Camshaft Profiles Designed With the Circular Arc Curve Method for a Common Rail Dual Fuel Engine on Mechanical Vibration and Noise Emissions”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 7, no. 4 (December 2023): 269-78. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1300577.
EndNote Gülcan HE, Gültekin N, Ciniviz M (December 1, 2023) Investigation of the effect of camshaft profiles designed with the circular arc curve method for a common rail dual fuel engine on mechanical vibration and noise emissions. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 7 4 269–278.
IEEE H. E. Gülcan, N. Gültekin, and M. Ciniviz, “Investigation of the effect of camshaft profiles designed with the circular arc curve method for a common rail dual fuel engine on mechanical vibration and noise emissions”, ijastech, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 269–278, 2023, doi: 10.30939/ijastech..1300577.
ISNAD Gülcan, Halil Erdi et al. “Investigation of the Effect of Camshaft Profiles Designed With the Circular Arc Curve Method for a Common Rail Dual Fuel Engine on Mechanical Vibration and Noise Emissions”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 7/4 (December 2023), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1300577.
JAMA Gülcan HE, Gültekin N, Ciniviz M. Investigation of the effect of camshaft profiles designed with the circular arc curve method for a common rail dual fuel engine on mechanical vibration and noise emissions. ijastech. 2023;7:269–278.
MLA Gülcan, Halil Erdi et al. “Investigation of the Effect of Camshaft Profiles Designed With the Circular Arc Curve Method for a Common Rail Dual Fuel Engine on Mechanical Vibration and Noise Emissions”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, vol. 7, no. 4, 2023, pp. 269-78, doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1300577.
Vancouver Gülcan HE, Gültekin N, Ciniviz M. Investigation of the effect of camshaft profiles designed with the circular arc curve method for a common rail dual fuel engine on mechanical vibration and noise emissions. ijastech. 2023;7(4):269-78.


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