Exploring the Association between Calling and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Perception of Meaningful Work

Nevra Cem Ersoy; Mehmet Peker; Deniz Giray

doi:10.26650/SP2022-1152304

Research Article

Exploring the Association between Calling and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Perception of Meaningful Work

Year 2023, Volume: 43 Issue: 2, 345 - 366, 25.08.2023

Nevra Cem Ersoy Mehmet Peker Deniz Giray

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-1152304

Abstract

There are different conceptualizations of work. Work can be seen as unpleasant but necessary to make a living. It can also be perceived as meaningful and a way to contribute to society. Employees who see their work as important and are motivated to make a difference in society have a sense of “calling”. The perception of a calling pertains to a sense of purpose that includes values and goals oriented to other people, and motivation to work to contribute to the welfare of society. Calling has many individual and organizational benefits; it contributes to well-being and life satisfaction because it provides meaningful goals in life. Research has shown that calling and work engagement are positively related. However, how and why perception of a calling predicts work engagement is under-researched. This research aims to fill this void. Drawing on self-determination theory and work as calling theory, this study examines a model that basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) at work and work meaning sequentially mediate the positive relationship between calling and work engagement. The sample consists of 286 Turkish teachers working in various schools in Turkey. Results showed that there is a positive relationship between calling and work engagement. Autonomy and competence needs satisfaction, but not relatedness needs satisfaction mediated this relationship. Moreover, the calling–work engagement relationship was sequentially mediated by autonomy and relatedness needs satisfaction, and work meaning. Competence needs satisfaction and work meaning, on the other hand, did not significantly mediate the proposed relationships. These results indicate that satisfaction of psychological needs, and work meaning may represent the intermediary processes in the calling–work engagement relationship. The present study provides insights for both teachers and school administrations to understand the relationship between calling and work engagement of teachers. School principals and teachers can employ these findings for the benefit of their organizations.

Keywords

Calling, work engagement, self-determination theory, meaningful work

Supporting Institution

Izmir university of Economics

References

Allan, B. A., Autin, K. L., Duffy, R. D., & Sterling, H. M. (2020). Decent and meaningful work: A longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 67(6), 669-679. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000432 google scholar
Arısoy, A., & Taş, M. A. (2021). Sosyal çalışmacılarda meslek aşkı ve prososyal hizmet davranışları ilişkisi: Yaşamın anlamının aracılık etkisi. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 21(53), 827-854. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.787575 google scholar
Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(10), 2045-2068. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02690.x google scholar
Bailey, C., Madden, A., Alfes, K., Shantz, A., & Soane, E. (2017). The mismanaged soul: Existential labor and the erosion of meaningful work. Human Resource Management Review, 27(3), 416-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2016.11.001 google scholar
Bakker, A. B. (2009). Building engagement in the workplace. In R. J. Burke and C. L. Cooper (Eds.), The peakperforming organization (pp. 50-72). Routledge. google scholar
Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress, 22(3), 187-200. https://doi. org/10.1080/02678370802393649 google scholar
Beukes, I., & Botha, E. (2013). Organizational commitment, work engagement and meaning of work of nursing staff in hospitals. SA Journal ofIndustrial Psychology, 39(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4102/ sajip.v39i2.1144 google scholar
Bozaslan, B. M., & Çokoğullar, E. (2015). Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e modern eğitimin inşası: Devletin kurtarılmasından devletin kurulmasına. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(3), 309-329. google scholar
Britt, T. W. (2003). Aspects of identity predict engagement in work under adverse conditions. Self and Identity, 2(1), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309022 google scholar
Bunderson, J. S., & Thompson, J. A. (2009). The call of the wild: Zookeepers, callings, and the double-edged sword of deeply meaningful work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(1), 32-57. https:// doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2009.54.1.32 google scholar
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x google scholar
Conway, N., Clinton, M., Sturges, J., & Budjanovcanin, A. (2014). Using self-determination theory to explain the link between calling enactment and daily well-being. Academy of Management Proceedings , 2014(1), 12223. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.12223abstract google scholar
Dan, C. I., Roşca, A. C., & Mateizer, A. (2020). Job crafting and performance in firefighters: The role of work meaning and work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 894. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2020.00894 google scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/ S15327965PLI1104_01 google scholar
Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagne, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former eastern bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930-942. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201278002 google scholar
Dik, B. J., & Duffy, R. D. (2009). Calling and vocation at work: Definitions and prospects for research and practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 37(3), 424-450. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000008316430 google scholar
Dobrow, S. R. (2013). Dynamics of calling: A longitudinal study of musicians. Journal ofOrganizational Behavior, 34(4), 431-452. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1808 google scholar
Dobrow, S. R., & Tosti-Kharas, J. (2011). Calling: The development of a scale measure. Personnel Psychology, 64(4), 1001-1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01234.x google scholar
Duffy, R. D., Allan, B. A., Autin, K. L., & Bott, E. M. (2013). Calling and life satisfaction: It’s not about having it, it’s about living it. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(1), 42-52. https://doi. org/10.1037/a0030635 google scholar
Duffy, R. D., Allan, B. A., & Dik, B. J. (2011). The presence of a calling and academic satisfaction: Examining potential mediators. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(1), 74-80. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.11.001 google scholar
Duffy, R. D., Bott, E. M., Allan, B. A., Torrey, C. L., & Dik, B. J. (2012). Perceiving a calling, living a calling, and job satisfaction: Testing a moderated, multiple mediator model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(1), 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026129 google scholar
Duffy, R. D., Dik, B. J., Douglass, R. P., England, J. W., & Velez, B. L. (2018). Work as a calling: A theoretical model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(4), 423-439. https://doi.org/10.1037/ cou0000276 google scholar
Erum, H., Abid, G., & Contreras, F. (2020). The calling of employees and work engagement: The role of flourishing at work. Business, Management and Economics Engineering, 18(1), 14-32. https:// doi.org/10.3846/bme.2020.11430 google scholar
Eryılmaz, A., & Doğan, T. (2012). İş yaşamında öznel iyi oluş: Utrecht İşe Bağlılık Ölçeğinin psikometrik niteliklerinin incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 15(1), 49-55. google scholar
Gagne, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322 google scholar
Gruman, J. A., & Saks, A. M. (2011). Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 21(2), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.09.004 google scholar
Gürbüz, H., & Sülün, A. (2004). Türkiye’de biyoloji öğretmenleri ve biyoloji öğretmen adaylarının nitelikleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 161(31), 192-204. google scholar
Hirschi, A. (2012). Callings and work engagement: Moderated mediation model of work meaningfulness, occupational identity, and occupational self-efficacy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(3), 479-485. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028949 google scholar
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage. google scholar
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118 google scholar
JASP Team (2022). JASP (Version 0.16.3)[Computer software]. google scholar
Jiang, L., Zang, N., Zhou, N., & Cao, H. (2021). English teachers’ intention to use flipped teaching: interrelationships with needs satisfaction, motivation, self-efficacy, belief, and support. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 19, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1846566 google scholar
Kim, T., & Allan, B. A. (2020). Underemployment and meaningful work: The role of psychological needs. Journal of Career Assessment, 28(1), 76-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072718824004 google scholar
Klassen, R. M., Perry, N. E., & Frenzel, A. C. (2012). Teachers’ relatedness with students: An underemphasized component of teachers’ basic psychological needs. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(1), 150-165. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026253 google scholar
Kline, T. J. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. Sage Publications. google scholar
Kuvaas, B., & Dysvik, A. (2009). Perceived investment in employee development, intrinsic motivation and work performance. Human Resource Management Journal, 19(3), 217-236. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2009.00103.x google scholar
Longo, Y., Gunz, A., Curtis, G. J., & Farsides, T. (2016). Measuring need satisfaction and frustration in educational and work contexts: The Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS). Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 295-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9595-3 google scholar
Martela, F., & Riekki, T. J. (2018). Autonomy, competence, relatedness, and beneficence: A multicultural comparison of the four pathways to meaningful work. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1157. https://doi. org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01157. google scholar
Meng, Q. (2020). Chinese university teachers’ job and life satisfaction: Examining the roles of basic psychological needs satisfaction and self-efficacy. The Journal of General Psychology, 2, 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1853503. google scholar
Muthen, L. K., & Muthen, B. O. (1998/2017). Usersguide. Eighth edition. Muthen & Muthen. google scholar
Rawat, A., & Nadavulakere, S. (2015). Examining the outcomes of having a calling: Does context matter? Journal of Business Psychology, 30, 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9378-1. google scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The darker and brighter sides of human existence: Basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 319-338. https://doi.org/10.1207/ S15327965PLI1104_03 google scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. In Handbook of self-determination research, (2nd ed., pp. 3-33). The University of Rochester Press. google scholar
Robitschek, C., & Woodson, S. J. (2006). Vocational psychology: Using one of counseling psychology’s strengths to foster human strength. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(2), 260-275. https://doi. org/10.1177/0011000005281321 google scholar
Saban, A. (2003). A Turkish profile of prospective elementary school teachers and their views of teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19(8), 829-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. tate.2003.03.004 google scholar
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V, & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326. google scholar
Shimazu, A., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Fujiwara, T., Iwata, N., Shimada, K., Takahashi, M., Tokita, M., Watai, I., & Kawakami, N. (2020). Workaholism, work engagement and child well-being: A test of the spillover-crossover model. International Journal ofEnvironmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6213-6228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176213 google scholar
Silman, F. (2014). Work-related basic need satisfaction as a predictor of work engagement among academic staff in Turkey. South African Journal of Education, 34(3), 1-5. https://hdl.handle. net/10520/EJC156530 google scholar
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy ofManagement Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865 google scholar
Steger, M. F., Dik, B. J., & Duffy, R. D. (2012). Measuring meaningful work: The work and meaning inventory (WAMI). Journal of Career Assessment, 20(3), 322-337. https://doi. org/10.1177/1069072711436160. google scholar
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., Derks, D., & Van Rhenen, W. (2013). Job crafting at the team and individual level: Implications for work engagement and performance. Group & Organization Management, 38(4), 427-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601113492421 google scholar
Uzunbacak, H. H., Akçakanat, T., & Erhan, T. (2019). Meslek aşkı ve mutluluk ilişkisi: İşin anlamının rolü. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(19), 294-317. google scholar
Uzunbacak, H. H., Yastıoğlu, S., Dik, B. J., Erhan, T., & Akçakanat, T. (2022). Changes in nurses’ sense of calling during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Journal of Career Development, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453221120684 google scholar
Van den Broeck, A., Ferris, D. L., Chang, C. H., & Rosen, C. C. (2016). A review of self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs at work. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1195-1229. https://doi. org/10.1177/0149206316632058 google scholar
Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., Witte, H., & Lens, W. (2008). Explaining the relationships between job characteristics, burnout, and engagement: The role of basic psychological need satisfaction, Work & Stress, 22(3), 277-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393672 google scholar
Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23(3), 263-280. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032359 google scholar
Wang, Y. A., & Rhemtulla, M. (2021). Power analysis for parameter estimation in structural equation modeling: A discussion and tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920918253 google scholar
Wiedemann, C. S. (2019). Purpose-driven: Employee engagement from a human flourishing perspective. [Doctoral dissertations]. Clemson University. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_ dissertations/2349/ google scholar
Willemse, M., & Deacon, E. (2015). Experiencing a sense of calling: The influence of meaningful work on teachers’ work attitudes. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 41, https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip. v41i1.1274. google scholar
Wirth, R. J., & Edwards, M. C. (2007). Item factor analysis: Current approaches and future directions. Psychological Methods, 12(1), 58-79. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.12.1.58 google scholar
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(1), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X285633 google scholar
Xie, B., Xia, M., Xin, X., & Zhou, W. (2016). Linking calling to work engagement and subjective career success: The perspective of career construction theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 94, 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.02.011 google scholar

Meslek Aşkı ve İşe Adanmışlık Arasındaki İlişki: İhtiyaçların Tatmini ve İşi Anlamlı Bulmanın Aracılık Rolleri

Year 2023, Volume: 43 Issue: 2, 345 - 366, 25.08.2023

Nevra Cem Ersoy Mehmet Peker Deniz Giray

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-1152304

Abstract

İş farklı şekillerde kavramlaştırılmaktadır. İş zevksiz ama yaşamı idame ettirmek için gerekli bir aktivite olarak algılanabilir. Bunun yanısıra iş anlamlı ve topluma katkı sağlayan bir araç olarak da görülebilir. İşlerini önemli ve yaşamda bir şeyleri değiştirmek olarak algılayan çalışanlarda meslek aşkı duygusu vardır. Meslek aşkı algısı bir insanların yararına toplumunda refahı sağlamak adına çalışmayı istemek anlamına gelmektedir. Meslek aşkı anlamlı amaçlara ulaşmayı sağladığı için kişilerin iyi olma haline ve yaşam doyumlarına katkı sağlar bu bağlamda bir çok kişisel ve kurumsal olumlu çıktı ile ilişkilidir. Araştırmalar meslek aşkı ve işe adanmışlık arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ancak meslek aşkı algısının ve işe adanmışlığı nasıl ve neden yordadığı araştırılmamış bir konudur. Bu araştırma bu boşluğu doldurmaya amaç edinmiştir..Bu araştırmada ayrıca öz belirleme kuramı ve iş meslek aşkı kuramından faydalanılarak, meslek aşkı ve işe adanmışlık ilişkisinde işteki psikolojik ihtiyaç (özerklik, yetkinlik ve ilişkisellik) tatmini ve işi anlamlı bulmanın sıralı aracı rolü olduğu bir model sınanmıştır. Örneklem farklı okullarda çalışan 286 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Analiz sonuçları, meslek aşkı ve işe adanmışlık arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu ilişkide özerklik ve yetkinlik tatmini aracı role sahiptir. Ayrıca, özerklik ve ilişkisellik tatmini ve işi anlamlı bulmanın meslek aşkı ve işe adanmışlık ilişkisinde sıralı biçimde aracı role sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Modelde yetkinlik ihtiyacı ve işi anlamlı bulmanın sıralı aracı rolü istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir Çalışma sonuçları, işteki temel psikolojik ihtiyaç tatminiyle işi anlamlı bulmanın meslek aşkı ve işe adanmışlık ilişkisinde rolü olan sıralı aracı süreçlerden olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışma öğretmenlere ve okul yöneticilerine öğretmenlik mesleğindeki meslek aşı ve işe adanmışlık arasındaki süreçleri anlamalarına katkı sağlamaktır. Okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenler çalıştıkları kurumları geliştirmek adına bir çalışmanın sonuçlarından yararlanabilirler.

Keywords

Meslek aşkı, işe adanmışlık, öz belirleme kuramı, işi anlamlı bulma

References

Allan, B. A., Autin, K. L., Duffy, R. D., & Sterling, H. M. (2020). Decent and meaningful work: A longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 67(6), 669-679. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000432 google scholar
Arısoy, A., & Taş, M. A. (2021). Sosyal çalışmacılarda meslek aşkı ve prososyal hizmet davranışları ilişkisi: Yaşamın anlamının aracılık etkisi. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 21(53), 827-854. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.787575 google scholar
Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(10), 2045-2068. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02690.x google scholar
Bailey, C., Madden, A., Alfes, K., Shantz, A., & Soane, E. (2017). The mismanaged soul: Existential labor and the erosion of meaningful work. Human Resource Management Review, 27(3), 416-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2016.11.001 google scholar
Bakker, A. B. (2009). Building engagement in the workplace. In R. J. Burke and C. L. Cooper (Eds.), The peakperforming organization (pp. 50-72). Routledge. google scholar
Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress, 22(3), 187-200. https://doi. org/10.1080/02678370802393649 google scholar
Beukes, I., & Botha, E. (2013). Organizational commitment, work engagement and meaning of work of nursing staff in hospitals. SA Journal ofIndustrial Psychology, 39(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4102/ sajip.v39i2.1144 google scholar
Bozaslan, B. M., & Çokoğullar, E. (2015). Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e modern eğitimin inşası: Devletin kurtarılmasından devletin kurulmasına. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(3), 309-329. google scholar
Britt, T. W. (2003). Aspects of identity predict engagement in work under adverse conditions. Self and Identity, 2(1), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309022 google scholar
Bunderson, J. S., & Thompson, J. A. (2009). The call of the wild: Zookeepers, callings, and the double-edged sword of deeply meaningful work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(1), 32-57. https:// doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2009.54.1.32 google scholar
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x google scholar
Conway, N., Clinton, M., Sturges, J., & Budjanovcanin, A. (2014). Using self-determination theory to explain the link between calling enactment and daily well-being. Academy of Management Proceedings , 2014(1), 12223. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.12223abstract google scholar
Dan, C. I., Roşca, A. C., & Mateizer, A. (2020). Job crafting and performance in firefighters: The role of work meaning and work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 894. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2020.00894 google scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/ S15327965PLI1104_01 google scholar
Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagne, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former eastern bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930-942. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201278002 google scholar
Dik, B. J., & Duffy, R. D. (2009). Calling and vocation at work: Definitions and prospects for research and practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 37(3), 424-450. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000008316430 google scholar
Dobrow, S. R. (2013). Dynamics of calling: A longitudinal study of musicians. Journal ofOrganizational Behavior, 34(4), 431-452. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1808 google scholar
Dobrow, S. R., & Tosti-Kharas, J. (2011). Calling: The development of a scale measure. Personnel Psychology, 64(4), 1001-1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01234.x google scholar
Duffy, R. D., Allan, B. A., Autin, K. L., & Bott, E. M. (2013). Calling and life satisfaction: It’s not about having it, it’s about living it. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(1), 42-52. https://doi. org/10.1037/a0030635 google scholar
Duffy, R. D., Allan, B. A., & Dik, B. J. (2011). The presence of a calling and academic satisfaction: Examining potential mediators. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(1), 74-80. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.11.001 google scholar
Duffy, R. D., Bott, E. M., Allan, B. A., Torrey, C. L., & Dik, B. J. (2012). Perceiving a calling, living a calling, and job satisfaction: Testing a moderated, multiple mediator model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(1), 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026129 google scholar
Duffy, R. D., Dik, B. J., Douglass, R. P., England, J. W., & Velez, B. L. (2018). Work as a calling: A theoretical model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(4), 423-439. https://doi.org/10.1037/ cou0000276 google scholar
Erum, H., Abid, G., & Contreras, F. (2020). The calling of employees and work engagement: The role of flourishing at work. Business, Management and Economics Engineering, 18(1), 14-32. https:// doi.org/10.3846/bme.2020.11430 google scholar
Eryılmaz, A., & Doğan, T. (2012). İş yaşamında öznel iyi oluş: Utrecht İşe Bağlılık Ölçeğinin psikometrik niteliklerinin incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 15(1), 49-55. google scholar
Gagne, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322 google scholar
Gruman, J. A., & Saks, A. M. (2011). Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 21(2), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.09.004 google scholar
Gürbüz, H., & Sülün, A. (2004). Türkiye’de biyoloji öğretmenleri ve biyoloji öğretmen adaylarının nitelikleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 161(31), 192-204. google scholar
Hirschi, A. (2012). Callings and work engagement: Moderated mediation model of work meaningfulness, occupational identity, and occupational self-efficacy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(3), 479-485. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028949 google scholar
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage. google scholar
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118 google scholar
JASP Team (2022). JASP (Version 0.16.3)[Computer software]. google scholar
Jiang, L., Zang, N., Zhou, N., & Cao, H. (2021). English teachers’ intention to use flipped teaching: interrelationships with needs satisfaction, motivation, self-efficacy, belief, and support. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 19, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1846566 google scholar
Kim, T., & Allan, B. A. (2020). Underemployment and meaningful work: The role of psychological needs. Journal of Career Assessment, 28(1), 76-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072718824004 google scholar
Klassen, R. M., Perry, N. E., & Frenzel, A. C. (2012). Teachers’ relatedness with students: An underemphasized component of teachers’ basic psychological needs. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(1), 150-165. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026253 google scholar
Kline, T. J. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. Sage Publications. google scholar
Kuvaas, B., & Dysvik, A. (2009). Perceived investment in employee development, intrinsic motivation and work performance. Human Resource Management Journal, 19(3), 217-236. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2009.00103.x google scholar
Longo, Y., Gunz, A., Curtis, G. J., & Farsides, T. (2016). Measuring need satisfaction and frustration in educational and work contexts: The Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS). Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 295-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9595-3 google scholar
Martela, F., & Riekki, T. J. (2018). Autonomy, competence, relatedness, and beneficence: A multicultural comparison of the four pathways to meaningful work. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1157. https://doi. org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01157. google scholar
Meng, Q. (2020). Chinese university teachers’ job and life satisfaction: Examining the roles of basic psychological needs satisfaction and self-efficacy. The Journal of General Psychology, 2, 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2020.1853503. google scholar
Muthen, L. K., & Muthen, B. O. (1998/2017). Usersguide. Eighth edition. Muthen & Muthen. google scholar
Rawat, A., & Nadavulakere, S. (2015). Examining the outcomes of having a calling: Does context matter? Journal of Business Psychology, 30, 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9378-1. google scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The darker and brighter sides of human existence: Basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 319-338. https://doi.org/10.1207/ S15327965PLI1104_03 google scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. In Handbook of self-determination research, (2nd ed., pp. 3-33). The University of Rochester Press. google scholar
Robitschek, C., & Woodson, S. J. (2006). Vocational psychology: Using one of counseling psychology’s strengths to foster human strength. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(2), 260-275. https://doi. org/10.1177/0011000005281321 google scholar
Saban, A. (2003). A Turkish profile of prospective elementary school teachers and their views of teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19(8), 829-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. tate.2003.03.004 google scholar
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V, & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326. google scholar
Shimazu, A., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Fujiwara, T., Iwata, N., Shimada, K., Takahashi, M., Tokita, M., Watai, I., & Kawakami, N. (2020). Workaholism, work engagement and child well-being: A test of the spillover-crossover model. International Journal ofEnvironmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6213-6228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176213 google scholar
Silman, F. (2014). Work-related basic need satisfaction as a predictor of work engagement among academic staff in Turkey. South African Journal of Education, 34(3), 1-5. https://hdl.handle. net/10520/EJC156530 google scholar
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy ofManagement Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865 google scholar
Steger, M. F., Dik, B. J., & Duffy, R. D. (2012). Measuring meaningful work: The work and meaning inventory (WAMI). Journal of Career Assessment, 20(3), 322-337. https://doi. org/10.1177/1069072711436160. google scholar
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., Derks, D., & Van Rhenen, W. (2013). Job crafting at the team and individual level: Implications for work engagement and performance. Group & Organization Management, 38(4), 427-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601113492421 google scholar
Uzunbacak, H. H., Akçakanat, T., & Erhan, T. (2019). Meslek aşkı ve mutluluk ilişkisi: İşin anlamının rolü. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(19), 294-317. google scholar
Uzunbacak, H. H., Yastıoğlu, S., Dik, B. J., Erhan, T., & Akçakanat, T. (2022). Changes in nurses’ sense of calling during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Journal of Career Development, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453221120684 google scholar
Van den Broeck, A., Ferris, D. L., Chang, C. H., & Rosen, C. C. (2016). A review of self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs at work. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1195-1229. https://doi. org/10.1177/0149206316632058 google scholar
Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., Witte, H., & Lens, W. (2008). Explaining the relationships between job characteristics, burnout, and engagement: The role of basic psychological need satisfaction, Work & Stress, 22(3), 277-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393672 google scholar
Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23(3), 263-280. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032359 google scholar
Wang, Y. A., & Rhemtulla, M. (2021). Power analysis for parameter estimation in structural equation modeling: A discussion and tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920918253 google scholar
Wiedemann, C. S. (2019). Purpose-driven: Employee engagement from a human flourishing perspective. [Doctoral dissertations]. Clemson University. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_ dissertations/2349/ google scholar
Willemse, M., & Deacon, E. (2015). Experiencing a sense of calling: The influence of meaningful work on teachers’ work attitudes. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 41, https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip. v41i1.1274. google scholar
Wirth, R. J., & Edwards, M. C. (2007). Item factor analysis: Current approaches and future directions. Psychological Methods, 12(1), 58-79. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.12.1.58 google scholar
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(1), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X285633 google scholar
Xie, B., Xia, M., Xin, X., & Zhou, W. (2016). Linking calling to work engagement and subjective career success: The perspective of career construction theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 94, 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.02.011 google scholar

There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Social and Personality Psychology (Other)
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Nevra Cem Ersoy 0000-0002-7828-4141 Mehmet Peker 0000-0002-9837-892X Deniz Giray 0000-0001-9833-9552
Publication Date	August 25, 2023
Submission Date	August 1, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 43 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Cem Ersoy, N., Peker, M., & Giray, D. (2023). Exploring the Association between Calling and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Perception of Meaningful Work. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 43(2), 345-366. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-1152304
AMA	Cem Ersoy N, Peker M, Giray D. Exploring the Association between Calling and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Perception of Meaningful Work. Psikoloji Çalışmaları. August 2023;43(2):345-366. doi:10.26650/SP2022-1152304
Chicago	Cem Ersoy, Nevra, Mehmet Peker, and Deniz Giray. “Exploring the Association Between Calling and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Perception of Meaningful Work”. Psikoloji Çalışmaları 43, no. 2 (August 2023): 345-66. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-1152304.
EndNote	Cem Ersoy N, Peker M, Giray D (August 1, 2023) Exploring the Association between Calling and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Perception of Meaningful Work. Psikoloji Çalışmaları 43 2 345–366.
IEEE	N. Cem Ersoy, M. Peker, and D. Giray, “Exploring the Association between Calling and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Perception of Meaningful Work”, Psikoloji Çalışmaları, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 345–366, 2023, doi: 10.26650/SP2022-1152304.
ISNAD	Cem Ersoy, Nevra et al. “Exploring the Association Between Calling and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Perception of Meaningful Work”. Psikoloji Çalışmaları 43/2 (August 2023), 345-366. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-1152304.
JAMA	Cem Ersoy N, Peker M, Giray D. Exploring the Association between Calling and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Perception of Meaningful Work. Psikoloji Çalışmaları. 2023;43:345–366.
MLA	Cem Ersoy, Nevra et al. “Exploring the Association Between Calling and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Perception of Meaningful Work”. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, vol. 43, no. 2, 2023, pp. 345-66, doi:10.26650/SP2022-1152304.
Vancouver	Cem Ersoy N, Peker M, Giray D. Exploring the Association between Calling and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Perception of Meaningful Work. Psikoloji Çalışmaları. 2023;43(2):345-66.

Download Cover Image

Article Files

Full Text

Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies In Psychology / ISSN- 1304-4680