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Proprioseptif Nöromusküler Fasilitasyon Temelli Üst Ekstremite Egzersizlerinin Okçularda Üst Ekstremite Fiziksel Uygunluk Parametreleri ve Atış Performansına Etkisinin Araştırılması

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 92 - 100, 19.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.15437/jetr.703555

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı skapular stabilizasyon egzersizlerine ek olarak uygulanan proprioseptif nöromusküler fasilitasyon (PNF) egzersizlerinin okçularda üst ekstremite fiziksel uygunluk parametreleri ve atış performansı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya 9-14 yaş aralığında 32 okçu birey randomize olarak iki gruba ayrılarak dahil edildi. Kontrol grubuna (n=16) skapular stabilizasyon egzersizleri, Çalışma grubuna (n=16) skapular stabilizasyon egzersizlerine ek PNF egzersizleri verildi. Egzersiz protokolü, 6 hafta süresince haftada 3 kez uygulandı. Bireylerin egzersiz öncesi ve sonrasında kavrama kuvveti (El Dinamometresi), skapular kas kuvveti (el dinamometresi), üst ekstremite patlayıcı gücü (Sağlık Topu Fırlatma Testi), üst ekstremite enduransı (şınav testi) ve atış performansı değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Kontrol grubunda egzersiz sonrası skapular kas kuvveti, üst ekstremite patlayıcı gücü ve enduransı ile atış performansı değerlerinde anlamlı düzeyde artış sağlandı (p<0,05). Çalışma grubunda skapular kas kuvveti, üst ekstremite patlayıcı gücü ve enduransı, atış performansı değerlerinde anlamlı farklılık kaydedildi (p<0,05). Gruplar arası karşılaştırma yapıldığında atış performansındaki artış çalışma grubu lehine bulundu (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Okçuların üst ekstremite fonksiyonelliği ve performansının arttırılmasında skapular stabilizasyon egzersiz eğitiminin etkili olduğu, eğitime PNF egzersizlerinin eklenmesi ile atış performansında daha fazla gelişme elde edildiği belirlendi.

References

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  • 2. Ertan H, Kentel B, Tümer ST, et al. Activation patterns in forearm muscles during archery shooting. Hum Mov Sci. 2003;22:37-45.
  • 3. Ergen E, Hibner K. Sports Medicine and Science in Archery. Luasanne: FITA, 2004.
  • 4. Bayraktar B, Kurtoğlu M. Sporda performans, etkili faktörler, değerlendirilmesi ve artırılması. Klin Gelişim. 2009;22:16-24.
  • 5. Mann DL, Littke N. Shoulder injuries in archery. Can J Sport Sci. 1989;14:85-92.
  • 6. Nishizono H, Shibayama HI et al. Analysis of archery shooting techniques by means of electromyography. ISBS-Conference Proc Arch. 1987:364-372.
  • 7. Leroyer P, Van Hoecke J, Helal JN, et al. Biomechanical study of the final push-pull in archery. J Sports Sci. 1993;11:63-69.
  • 8. Landers DM, Petruzzello SJ, Salazar W et al. The influence of electrocortical biofeedback on performance in pre-elite archers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23:123-129.
  • 9. Nishizono H, Nakagawa K, Suda T, et al. An Electromyographical analysis of purposive muscle activity and appearance of muscle silent period in archery shooting. Jpn J Phys Fit Sports Med. 1984;33:17–26.
  • 10. Yoon M-J, Kim K-J. Effects of 8 weeks pilates for the body balance, posture and pain in players of tennis, archery, and athletics. Off J Korean Acad Kinesiol. 2012;14:103-113.
  • 11. Palsbo SE. Epidemiology of recreational archery injuries: Implications for archery ranges and injury prevention. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2012;52:293-299.
  • 12. Dhawale T, Yeole U, Jedhe V. Effect of upper extremity plyometric training on strength and accuracy in archery players. J Med Sci Clin Res. 2018;6:143-147.
  • 13. Westwater-Wood S, Adams N, Kerry R. The use of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in physiotherapy practice. Phys Ther Rev. 2010;15:23-28.
  • 14. Jaruga M, Manikowski W, Romanowski R, et al. Pre- and postoperative principles of rehabilitation in arthroscopic treatment of painfull shoulder. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 2003;5:469-474.
  • 15. The Hygenic Coorporation A. Resistance Band & Tubing Instruction Manual. The Hygenic Coorporation. 2012:1-40. www.thera-band.com%0Awww.Thera-BandAcademy.com.
  • 16. Witt D, Talbott N, Kotowski S. Electromyographic activity of scapular muscles during diagonal patterns using elastic resistance and free weights. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2011;6:322-332.
  • 17. Drenowatz C, Greier K. Resistance training in youth - benefits and characteristics. J Biomed. 2018;3:32-39.
  • 18. Mathiowetz V, Weber K, Volland G, et al. Reliability and validity of grip and pinch strength evaluations. J Hand Surg Am. 1984;9:222-226.
  • 19. Marcolino AM, Fonseca M, Colombari F, et al. Influence of volar and dorsal static orthoses in different wrist positions on muscle activation and grip strength in healthy subjects. Hand Ther. 2014;19:114-125.
  • 20. Cibulka MT, Weissenborn D, Donham M, et al. A new manual muscle test for assessing the entire trapezius muscle. Physiother Theory Pract. 2013;29:242-248.
  • 21. Leite MAF de J, Sasaki JE, Lourenço CLM, et al. Medicine ball throw test predicts arm power in rugby sevens players. Rev Bras Cineantropometria e Desempenho Hum. 2016;18:166-176.
  • 22. Diker, G., Müniroğlu S. 8-14 yaş grubu futbolcuların seçilmiş fiziksel özelliklerinin yaş gruplarına göre incelenmesi. Spormetre Derg. 2016;14:45-52.
  • 23. Hobold E, Pires-Lopes V, Gómez-Campos R, et al. Reference standards to assess physical fitness of children and adolescents of Brazil: An approach to the students of the Lake Itaipú region-Brazil. PeerJ. 2017;5: e4032.
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  • 25. Bhide D, Kapadia HJ, Yeole U, et al. Effects of dynamic scapular muscle exercises on grip strength in young adults. Int J Acad Res Dev. 2018;3:289-295.
  • 26. Cesário DF, Mendes GBS, Uchao ÉBPL, et al. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and strength training to gain muscle strength in elderly women. Rev Bras Geriatr Gerontol. 2014;17:67-77.
  • 27. Small EW, McCambridge MT, Benjamin HJ, et al. Strength training by children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2008;121:835-840.
  • 28. De Salles BF, Simão R, Miranda F, et al. Rest interval between sets in strength training. Sport Med. 2009;39:766-777.
  • 29. Celik D, Dirican A, Baltacı G. Intrarater reliability of assessing strength of the shoulder and scapular muscles. J Sport Rehabil. 2012;3:1-5.
  • 30. Michener LA, Boardman ND Pidcoe PE, et al. Scapular muscle tests in subjects with shoulder pain and functional loss: reliability and construct validity. Phys Ther. 2005;85:1128-1138.
  • 31. Kang J-I, Choi H-H, Jeong D-K, et al. Effect of scapular stabilization exercise on neck alignment and muscle activity in patients with forward head posture. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018;30:804-808.
  • 32. Nelson AG, Chambers RS, McGown CM, et al. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus weight training for enhancement of muscular strength and athletic performance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1986;7:250-253.
  • 33. Stockbrugger BA, Haennel RG et al. Validity and Reliability of a Medicine Ball. J Strength Cond Res. 2001;15:431-438.
  • 34. Vossen JF, Kramer JF, Burke DG, et al. Comparison of dynamic push-up training and plyometric push-up training on upper-body power and strength. J Strength Cond Res. 2000;14:248-253.
  • 35. Yeole UL, Chandra AK, Pawar P et al. Effectiveness of thrower’s ten program on performance of hammer throwers. Int J Recent Sci Res. 2017;8:22466-22469.
  • 36. Ellenbecker TS, Manske R, Davies GJ, et al. Closed kinetic chain testing techniques of the upper extremities. Orthop Phys Ther Clin North Am. 2000;9:219-230.
  • 37. Yonca Sezer S. The impact of hand grip strength exercises on the target shooting accuracy score for archers. J Educ Train Stud. 2017;5:6-16.

Investigation of the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation-based upper extremity exercises on upper extremity physical fitness parameters and shooting performance in archers

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 92 - 100, 19.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.15437/jetr.703555

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) in addition to scapular stabilization exercises on upper limb physical parameters and shooting performance in archers.
Methods: Thirty-two archers aged between 9-14 were included in this study. Participants were randomly allocated to control or study group. Scapular stabilization exercises were given to the control group (n=16) and PNF exercises added to the study group (n=16). Participants completed a 6-week exercise protocol, three times per week. Hand grip strength (hand-held dynamometer), scapular muscle strength (Hand-Held dynamometer), upper extremity explosive power (medicine ball throw test) and endurance (push up test) and shooting performance were evaluated before and after exercises.
Results: Scapular muscle strength, upper extremity explosive power and endurance and shooting performance values were significantly increased in the control group (p<0.05). Scapular muscle strength, upper extremity explosive power and endurance, reaction time, and shooting performance values were significantly increased in the study group (p <0.05). When the control group and study group are compared, the increase of shooting performance is found in study group favor.
Conclusion: It has been shown that scapular stabilization exercise program can be effectively used in archers for improvement of upper extremity function and performance; with addition of PNF exercises to training, it was determined that more improvement was achieved in shooting performance.

References

  • 1. Deviterne D, Gauchard GC et al. Cognitive processing and motor skill learning in motor-handicapped teenagers: Effects of learning method. Somatosens Mot Res. 2007;24:163-169.
  • 2. Ertan H, Kentel B, Tümer ST, et al. Activation patterns in forearm muscles during archery shooting. Hum Mov Sci. 2003;22:37-45.
  • 3. Ergen E, Hibner K. Sports Medicine and Science in Archery. Luasanne: FITA, 2004.
  • 4. Bayraktar B, Kurtoğlu M. Sporda performans, etkili faktörler, değerlendirilmesi ve artırılması. Klin Gelişim. 2009;22:16-24.
  • 5. Mann DL, Littke N. Shoulder injuries in archery. Can J Sport Sci. 1989;14:85-92.
  • 6. Nishizono H, Shibayama HI et al. Analysis of archery shooting techniques by means of electromyography. ISBS-Conference Proc Arch. 1987:364-372.
  • 7. Leroyer P, Van Hoecke J, Helal JN, et al. Biomechanical study of the final push-pull in archery. J Sports Sci. 1993;11:63-69.
  • 8. Landers DM, Petruzzello SJ, Salazar W et al. The influence of electrocortical biofeedback on performance in pre-elite archers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23:123-129.
  • 9. Nishizono H, Nakagawa K, Suda T, et al. An Electromyographical analysis of purposive muscle activity and appearance of muscle silent period in archery shooting. Jpn J Phys Fit Sports Med. 1984;33:17–26.
  • 10. Yoon M-J, Kim K-J. Effects of 8 weeks pilates for the body balance, posture and pain in players of tennis, archery, and athletics. Off J Korean Acad Kinesiol. 2012;14:103-113.
  • 11. Palsbo SE. Epidemiology of recreational archery injuries: Implications for archery ranges and injury prevention. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2012;52:293-299.
  • 12. Dhawale T, Yeole U, Jedhe V. Effect of upper extremity plyometric training on strength and accuracy in archery players. J Med Sci Clin Res. 2018;6:143-147.
  • 13. Westwater-Wood S, Adams N, Kerry R. The use of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in physiotherapy practice. Phys Ther Rev. 2010;15:23-28.
  • 14. Jaruga M, Manikowski W, Romanowski R, et al. Pre- and postoperative principles of rehabilitation in arthroscopic treatment of painfull shoulder. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 2003;5:469-474.
  • 15. The Hygenic Coorporation A. Resistance Band & Tubing Instruction Manual. The Hygenic Coorporation. 2012:1-40. www.thera-band.com%0Awww.Thera-BandAcademy.com.
  • 16. Witt D, Talbott N, Kotowski S. Electromyographic activity of scapular muscles during diagonal patterns using elastic resistance and free weights. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2011;6:322-332.
  • 17. Drenowatz C, Greier K. Resistance training in youth - benefits and characteristics. J Biomed. 2018;3:32-39.
  • 18. Mathiowetz V, Weber K, Volland G, et al. Reliability and validity of grip and pinch strength evaluations. J Hand Surg Am. 1984;9:222-226.
  • 19. Marcolino AM, Fonseca M, Colombari F, et al. Influence of volar and dorsal static orthoses in different wrist positions on muscle activation and grip strength in healthy subjects. Hand Ther. 2014;19:114-125.
  • 20. Cibulka MT, Weissenborn D, Donham M, et al. A new manual muscle test for assessing the entire trapezius muscle. Physiother Theory Pract. 2013;29:242-248.
  • 21. Leite MAF de J, Sasaki JE, Lourenço CLM, et al. Medicine ball throw test predicts arm power in rugby sevens players. Rev Bras Cineantropometria e Desempenho Hum. 2016;18:166-176.
  • 22. Diker, G., Müniroğlu S. 8-14 yaş grubu futbolcuların seçilmiş fiziksel özelliklerinin yaş gruplarına göre incelenmesi. Spormetre Derg. 2016;14:45-52.
  • 23. Hobold E, Pires-Lopes V, Gómez-Campos R, et al. Reference standards to assess physical fitness of children and adolescents of Brazil: An approach to the students of the Lake Itaipú region-Brazil. PeerJ. 2017;5: e4032.
  • 24. Talimatlar & İndirebilir Belgeler | Türkiye Okçuluk Federasyonu. https://www.tof.gov.tr/federasyon/talimatlar/. Accessed January 19, 2020.
  • 25. Bhide D, Kapadia HJ, Yeole U, et al. Effects of dynamic scapular muscle exercises on grip strength in young adults. Int J Acad Res Dev. 2018;3:289-295.
  • 26. Cesário DF, Mendes GBS, Uchao ÉBPL, et al. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and strength training to gain muscle strength in elderly women. Rev Bras Geriatr Gerontol. 2014;17:67-77.
  • 27. Small EW, McCambridge MT, Benjamin HJ, et al. Strength training by children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2008;121:835-840.
  • 28. De Salles BF, Simão R, Miranda F, et al. Rest interval between sets in strength training. Sport Med. 2009;39:766-777.
  • 29. Celik D, Dirican A, Baltacı G. Intrarater reliability of assessing strength of the shoulder and scapular muscles. J Sport Rehabil. 2012;3:1-5.
  • 30. Michener LA, Boardman ND Pidcoe PE, et al. Scapular muscle tests in subjects with shoulder pain and functional loss: reliability and construct validity. Phys Ther. 2005;85:1128-1138.
  • 31. Kang J-I, Choi H-H, Jeong D-K, et al. Effect of scapular stabilization exercise on neck alignment and muscle activity in patients with forward head posture. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018;30:804-808.
  • 32. Nelson AG, Chambers RS, McGown CM, et al. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus weight training for enhancement of muscular strength and athletic performance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1986;7:250-253.
  • 33. Stockbrugger BA, Haennel RG et al. Validity and Reliability of a Medicine Ball. J Strength Cond Res. 2001;15:431-438.
  • 34. Vossen JF, Kramer JF, Burke DG, et al. Comparison of dynamic push-up training and plyometric push-up training on upper-body power and strength. J Strength Cond Res. 2000;14:248-253.
  • 35. Yeole UL, Chandra AK, Pawar P et al. Effectiveness of thrower’s ten program on performance of hammer throwers. Int J Recent Sci Res. 2017;8:22466-22469.
  • 36. Ellenbecker TS, Manske R, Davies GJ, et al. Closed kinetic chain testing techniques of the upper extremities. Orthop Phys Ther Clin North Am. 2000;9:219-230.
  • 37. Yonca Sezer S. The impact of hand grip strength exercises on the target shooting accuracy score for archers. J Educ Train Stud. 2017;5:6-16.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Esra Bereket 0000-0002-4637-3094

Gülay Aras Bayram 0000-0002-5592-7546

Publication Date July 19, 2022
Submission Date March 13, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Bereket E, Aras Bayram G. Proprioseptif Nöromusküler Fasilitasyon Temelli Üst Ekstremite Egzersizlerinin Okçularda Üst Ekstremite Fiziksel Uygunluk Parametreleri ve Atış Performansına Etkisinin Araştırılması. JETR. 2022;9(2):92-100.