Research Article
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Contribution of beverages to daily added sugar intake: compliance with guidelines’ recommendations

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 5, 598 - 603, 05.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.941938

Abstract

Aim: Beverages that contribute significantly to the daily added sugar intakes are reported to cause increased health problems such as obesity as long as their consumption is not limited. The aim of this study is to estimate added sugar intake from beverages. This cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 837 adults aged between 18-65 years.
Material and Methods: A questionnaire including questions about general socio-demographic characteristics (gender, occupation, income status, age, education) was applied. The beverage consumption within previous month was questioned using a beverage frequency questionnaire. The weight and height of the individuals were measured.
Results: In the present study, the mean added sugar intake from beverages was 13.1 ± 17.6 g/day. Fruit drinks and caloric sodas had the highest contributions to daily added sugar intake, followed by sweetened tea and coffee. It was found that 11.95% and 9.68% of participants exceeded the recommendation of the American Heart Association and World Health Organization, respectively.
Conclusions: Sugar sweetened beverages are significant contributors to daily added sugar intake in Turkish population. Therefore, decreasing the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages should be main public health implementation to avoid the negative health outcomes including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases that may occur in the future.

Thanks

The authors thank all volunteers who agree to participate in the study.

References

  • Lula EC, Ribeiro CC, Hugo FN, Alves CM, Silva AA. Added sugars and periodontal disease in young adults: an analysis of NHANES III data. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100: 1182-7.
  • Te Morenga LA, Howatson AJ, Jones RM, Mann J. Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of the effects on blood pressure and lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100: 65-79.
  • Singh GM, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, et al. Estimated Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE). Estimated global, regional, and national disease burdens related to sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in 2010. Circulation 2015; 132: 639-66.
  • World Health Organization. Information note about intake of sugars recommended in the WHO guideline for adults and children. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Document Production Services; 2015a.
  • https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/sugar_intake_information_note_en.pdf Accessed May 15, 2021.
  • World Health Organization. Guideline: Sugars intake for adults and children. ISBN: 9789241549028. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Document Production Services; 2015b. Accessed April 30, 2021.
  • The American Heart Association. Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2009; 120: 1011-20.
  • Erickson J, Slavin J. Are restrictive guidelines for added sugars science based? Nutrition 2015; 14: 124.
  • Sluik D, van Lee L, Engelen AI, Feskens EJ. Total, free, and added sugar consumption and adherence to guidelines: the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. Nutrients 2016; 8: 70.
  • Mok A, Ahmad R, Rangan A, Louie JCY. Intake of free sugars and micronutrient dilution in Australian adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107: 94-104.
  • Kibblewhite R, Nettleton A, McLean R, et al. Estimating free and added sugar intakes in New Zealand. Nutrients 2017; 9: 1292.
  • United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015-scientific-report/pdfs/scientific-report-of-the-2015-dietary-guidelines-advisory-committee.pdf Accessed May 10, 2021.
  • Newens KJ, Walton J. A review of sugar consumption from nationally representative dietary surveys across the world. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 29: 225-40.
  • Brisbois TD, Marsden SL, Anderson GH, Sievenpiper JL. Estimated intakes and sources of total and added sugars in the Canadian diet. Nutrients 2014; 6: 1899-912.
  • Sanchez-Pimienta TG, Batis C, Lutter CK, Rivera JA. Sugar-sweetened beverages are the main sources of added sugar intake in the Mexican population. J Nutr 2016; 146: 1888–96.
  • World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases—report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
  • http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42665/ WHO_TRS_916.pdf?sequence=1 Accessed April 30, 2021.
  • The Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC). Position Statement : Sugar, heart disease and stroke; 2014. Accessed April 25, 2021.
  • WHO expert consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004; 363: 157–63.
  • West DS, Bursac Z, Quimby D, et al. Self-reported sugar-sweetened beverage intake among college students. Obesity 2006; 14: 1825-31.
  • Berkey CS, Rockett HRH, Field AE, Gillman MW, Colditz GA. Sugar-added beverages and adolescent weight change. Obes Res 2004; 12: 778-88.
  • Opoku-Acheampong AA, Kidd T, Adhikari K, Muturi N, Kattelmann K. Assessing physical activity, fruit, vegetable, and sugar-sweetened beverage intake patterns of college students in Kansas. J Nutr Educ Behav 2018; 50: 977-83.
  • Louie JCY, Moshtaghian H, Boylan S, et al. A systematic methodology to estimate added sugar content of foods. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69: 154–61.
  • Schofield WN. Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1985; 39C: 5–41.
  • WHO. Energy and protein requirements: Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. WHO Technical Report Series No. 724. Geneva; 1985. http://www.fao.org/3/a-y5686e.pdf Accessed October 18, 2020.
  • Ervin RB, Ogden CL. Consumption of added sugar among U.S. adults, 2005–2010. NCHS Data Brief 2013; 122: 1–8.
  • Louie JCY, Moshtaghian H, Rangan AM, Flood VM, Gill TP. Intake and sources of added sugars among Australian children and adolescents. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55: 2347-55.
  • Thompson FE, McNeel TS, Dowling EC, et al. Interrelationships of added sugars intake, socioeconomic status, and race/ ethnicity in adults in the United States: National Health Interview Survey, 2005. J Am Diet Assoc 2009; 109: 1376-83.
  • Singh GM, Micha R, Katibzadeh S, et al. Mortality due to sugar sweetened beverage consumption: A global, regional and national comparative risk assessment. Circulation 2018; 127: AMP22.
  • Buhler S, Raine KD, Arango M, Pellerin S, Neary NE. Building a strategy for obesity prevention one piece at a time: The case of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation. Can J Diabete 2013; 37: 97-102.
  • Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, Despres JP, Hu FB. Sugar sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease risk. Circulation 2010; 121: 1356-64.
  • Kristal RB, Blank AE, Wylie-Rosett J, Selwyn PA. Factors associated with daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among adult patients at four federally qualified health centers, Bronx, New York, 2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12: E02.
  • Hu FB. Resolved: there is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Obes Rev 2013; 14: 606–19.
  • Lim L, Banwell C, Bain C, et al. Sugar sweetened beverages and weight gain over 4 years in a Thai national cohort—a prospective analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9: e95309.
  • Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 2392–2404.
  • O’Connor L, Imamura F, Lentjes MA, et al. Prospective associations and population impact of sweet beverage intake and type 2 diabetes, and effects of substitutions with alternative beverages. Diabetologia 2015; 58: 1474-83.
  • Bhupathiraju SN, Pan A, Manson JE, et al. Changes in coffee intake and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes: three large cohorts of US men and women. Diabetologia 2014; 57: 1346-54.
  • Ma J, Jacques PF, Meigs JB, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage but not diet soda consumption is positively associated with progression of insulin resistance and prediabetes. J Nutr 2016; 146: 2544-50.
  • Carwile JL, Willett WC, Spiegelman D, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and age at menarche in a prospective study of US girls. Hum Reprod 2015; 30: 675-83.
Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 5, 598 - 603, 05.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.941938

Abstract

References

  • Lula EC, Ribeiro CC, Hugo FN, Alves CM, Silva AA. Added sugars and periodontal disease in young adults: an analysis of NHANES III data. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100: 1182-7.
  • Te Morenga LA, Howatson AJ, Jones RM, Mann J. Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of the effects on blood pressure and lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100: 65-79.
  • Singh GM, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, et al. Estimated Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE). Estimated global, regional, and national disease burdens related to sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in 2010. Circulation 2015; 132: 639-66.
  • World Health Organization. Information note about intake of sugars recommended in the WHO guideline for adults and children. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Document Production Services; 2015a.
  • https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/sugar_intake_information_note_en.pdf Accessed May 15, 2021.
  • World Health Organization. Guideline: Sugars intake for adults and children. ISBN: 9789241549028. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Document Production Services; 2015b. Accessed April 30, 2021.
  • The American Heart Association. Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2009; 120: 1011-20.
  • Erickson J, Slavin J. Are restrictive guidelines for added sugars science based? Nutrition 2015; 14: 124.
  • Sluik D, van Lee L, Engelen AI, Feskens EJ. Total, free, and added sugar consumption and adherence to guidelines: the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007-2010. Nutrients 2016; 8: 70.
  • Mok A, Ahmad R, Rangan A, Louie JCY. Intake of free sugars and micronutrient dilution in Australian adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107: 94-104.
  • Kibblewhite R, Nettleton A, McLean R, et al. Estimating free and added sugar intakes in New Zealand. Nutrients 2017; 9: 1292.
  • United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015-scientific-report/pdfs/scientific-report-of-the-2015-dietary-guidelines-advisory-committee.pdf Accessed May 10, 2021.
  • Newens KJ, Walton J. A review of sugar consumption from nationally representative dietary surveys across the world. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 29: 225-40.
  • Brisbois TD, Marsden SL, Anderson GH, Sievenpiper JL. Estimated intakes and sources of total and added sugars in the Canadian diet. Nutrients 2014; 6: 1899-912.
  • Sanchez-Pimienta TG, Batis C, Lutter CK, Rivera JA. Sugar-sweetened beverages are the main sources of added sugar intake in the Mexican population. J Nutr 2016; 146: 1888–96.
  • World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases—report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
  • http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42665/ WHO_TRS_916.pdf?sequence=1 Accessed April 30, 2021.
  • The Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC). Position Statement : Sugar, heart disease and stroke; 2014. Accessed April 25, 2021.
  • WHO expert consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004; 363: 157–63.
  • West DS, Bursac Z, Quimby D, et al. Self-reported sugar-sweetened beverage intake among college students. Obesity 2006; 14: 1825-31.
  • Berkey CS, Rockett HRH, Field AE, Gillman MW, Colditz GA. Sugar-added beverages and adolescent weight change. Obes Res 2004; 12: 778-88.
  • Opoku-Acheampong AA, Kidd T, Adhikari K, Muturi N, Kattelmann K. Assessing physical activity, fruit, vegetable, and sugar-sweetened beverage intake patterns of college students in Kansas. J Nutr Educ Behav 2018; 50: 977-83.
  • Louie JCY, Moshtaghian H, Boylan S, et al. A systematic methodology to estimate added sugar content of foods. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69: 154–61.
  • Schofield WN. Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1985; 39C: 5–41.
  • WHO. Energy and protein requirements: Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. WHO Technical Report Series No. 724. Geneva; 1985. http://www.fao.org/3/a-y5686e.pdf Accessed October 18, 2020.
  • Ervin RB, Ogden CL. Consumption of added sugar among U.S. adults, 2005–2010. NCHS Data Brief 2013; 122: 1–8.
  • Louie JCY, Moshtaghian H, Rangan AM, Flood VM, Gill TP. Intake and sources of added sugars among Australian children and adolescents. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55: 2347-55.
  • Thompson FE, McNeel TS, Dowling EC, et al. Interrelationships of added sugars intake, socioeconomic status, and race/ ethnicity in adults in the United States: National Health Interview Survey, 2005. J Am Diet Assoc 2009; 109: 1376-83.
  • Singh GM, Micha R, Katibzadeh S, et al. Mortality due to sugar sweetened beverage consumption: A global, regional and national comparative risk assessment. Circulation 2018; 127: AMP22.
  • Buhler S, Raine KD, Arango M, Pellerin S, Neary NE. Building a strategy for obesity prevention one piece at a time: The case of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation. Can J Diabete 2013; 37: 97-102.
  • Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, Despres JP, Hu FB. Sugar sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease risk. Circulation 2010; 121: 1356-64.
  • Kristal RB, Blank AE, Wylie-Rosett J, Selwyn PA. Factors associated with daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among adult patients at four federally qualified health centers, Bronx, New York, 2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12: E02.
  • Hu FB. Resolved: there is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Obes Rev 2013; 14: 606–19.
  • Lim L, Banwell C, Bain C, et al. Sugar sweetened beverages and weight gain over 4 years in a Thai national cohort—a prospective analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9: e95309.
  • Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 2392–2404.
  • O’Connor L, Imamura F, Lentjes MA, et al. Prospective associations and population impact of sweet beverage intake and type 2 diabetes, and effects of substitutions with alternative beverages. Diabetologia 2015; 58: 1474-83.
  • Bhupathiraju SN, Pan A, Manson JE, et al. Changes in coffee intake and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes: three large cohorts of US men and women. Diabetologia 2014; 57: 1346-54.
  • Ma J, Jacques PF, Meigs JB, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage but not diet soda consumption is positively associated with progression of insulin resistance and prediabetes. J Nutr 2016; 146: 2544-50.
  • Carwile JL, Willett WC, Spiegelman D, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and age at menarche in a prospective study of US girls. Hum Reprod 2015; 30: 675-83.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Hande Mortaş 0000-0001-6356-5226

Saniye Bilici 0000-0002-1235-0329

Publication Date September 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 5

Cite

AMA Mortaş H, Bilici S. Contribution of beverages to daily added sugar intake: compliance with guidelines’ recommendations. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. September 2021;4(5):598-603. doi:10.32322/jhsm.941938

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