Research Article
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Examining the relationship between object relations, relationship attachment and separation anxiety in adults with depressive tendencies

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 160 - 167, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1414691

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to examine the relationship between object relations and relationship dependence and separation anxiety in depressive-prone adults.
Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 404 people between the ages of 18-60. Out of 404 people, 113 people with moderate to severe depressive tendencies were included in the study. Data were collected from the participants through Beck Depression Inventory, Bell Object Relationships and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI), Spann-Fischer Relationship Dependency Scale (SFIDS), Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire and Socio-demographic Information Form prepared by the researcher.
Results: 113 out of 404 individuals showed moderate to severe depressive tendencies. A statistically positive and significant relationship was found between adult separation anxiety and Object Relations and BORTTI (alienation, insecure attachment, egocentrism, distortion of reality, uncertainty of perceptions, delusion hallucination) sub-dimensions. A positive and significant relationship was found between Relationship Dependency and Object Relationships and BORTTI (insecure attachment,
egocentrism, social inadequacy) sub-dimensions.
Conclusion: A positive and significant relationship was found between object relations sub-dimensions and adult separation anxiety in depressive adults. A positive and significant relationship was found between object relations and relationship dependence in depressive adults.

References

  • 1. Moussavi S, Chatterji S, Verdes E, Tandon A, Patel V, Ustun B. Depression chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):851-858.
  • 2. Freud S. Mourning and melancholia. In: Strachey J, ed. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIV (1914-1916): On the history of the psycho-analytic movement, papers on metapsychology and other works. The Hoghard: 1917:243-258.
  • 3. Hayta A. Nesne ilişkileri kuramı ve Tanrı tasavvuru üzerine eleştirel bir değerlendirme. Değerler Eğitimi Derg. 2010;8(20):39-77.
  • 4. McWilliams N. Psikanalitik tanı: Klinik süreç içinde kişilik yapısını anlamak. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları: 2009.
  • 5. Faraji H, Özen ZD. Yetişkin ayrılık anksiyetesinin, ayrılık anksiyetesi belirtileri ile beliren yetişkinlikte bireyleşme düzeyi arasındaki aracı rolü. Mavi Atlas. 2022;10(1):47-69.
  • 6. Mahler MS, Pine F, Bergman A. The psychological birth of the human infant: Symbiosis and individuation. Basic Books. 1975.
  • 7. Öztürk M. Çocukluk çağı ruhsal sorunları ve bozukluk. Ruh Sağ Bozuklukları. 1997;7:421-451.
  • 8. Bögels SM, Knappe S, Clark LA. Adult separation anxiety disorder in DSM-5. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013;33(5):663-674.
  • 9. Basay BK, Bildik T, Basay O, et al. Non-suicidal self-injury among Turkish high school students: functions, emotion regulation and separation individuation. Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence. 2012;5(60):S150.
  • 10. Kealy D, Rice SM, Cox DW. Childhood adversity and depressive symptoms among young adults: examining the roles of individuation difficulties and perceived social support. Early Intervent Psychiat. 2020;14(2):241-246. doi: 10.1111/eip.12894
  • 11. Stafford LL. Is codependency a meaningful concept? Issues Mental Health Nursing. 2001;22(3):273-286.
  • 12. Spann L. Attribution about codependency on the part of feminists and nonfeminists. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas Tech University. 1996.
  • 13. Rusnakova M. Codependency of the members of family of an alcohol addict. Procedia-Social Behav Sci. 2014;132:647-653.
  • 14. Reynaud M. Is love passion an addictive disorder? Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2010;36(5):261-267.
  • 15. Güvenir T, Taş FV. Nesne ilişkileri kuramı. İçinde: Çuhadaroğlu Çetin F, Coşkun A, Pehlivantürk B, et al, editörler. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Temel Kitabı. Çocuk ve Gençlik Sağlığı Derneği: 2008:116-122.
  • 16. Geçtan E. Psikanaliz ve sonrası. Metis Yayınları: 2017.
  • 17. Karasar N. Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Bilim Kitap Kırtasiye Yayınevi: 2012.
  • 18. Jackson KG. Beck depression inventory. Occup Med. 2016;66(2):174-175. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqv087
  • 19. Wang Y, Gorenstein C. Assessment of depression in medical patients: a systematic review of the utility of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Clinics. 2013;68(9):1274-1287. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2013(09)15
  • 20. Beck A, Steer R, Ball R, Ranieri WF. Comparison of beck depression inventories-ia and-ii in psychiatric outpatients. J Personal Assess. 1996;67(3):588-597. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13
  • 21. Zauszniewski J, Bekhet A. Screening measure for early detection of depressive symptoms. Western J Nursing Res. 2011;34(2):230-244. doi: 10.1177/0193945910396731
  • 22. Areán P, Ayalon L. Assessment and treatment of depressed older adults in primary care. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2005;12(3):321-335. doi: 10.1093/clipsy.bpi034
  • 23. Eisner L, Johnson S, Carver C. Cognitive responses to failure and success relate uniquely to bipolar depression versus mania. J Abnorm Psychol. 2008;117(1):154-163. doi: 10.1037/0021-843x.117.1.154
  • 24. Raes F, Ghesquière I, Gucht D. Cognitive reactivity to success and failure relate uniquely to manic and depression tendencies and combine in bipolar tendencies. Depress Res Treatm. 2012;2012:753946. doi: 10.1155/2012/753946
  • 25. Hisli N. Beck depresyon envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. J Psychol. 1989;7:3-13.
  • 26. Bell MD. Bell object relations and reality testing investory (BORRTI). Western Psychological Services: 1995.
  • 27. Uluç S, Tüzün Z, Haselden M, Erbaş SP. Bell Nesne İlişkileri ve Gerçeği Değerlendirme Ölçeği’nin (BORTTI) Türkçe'ye uyarlama çalışması. Klin Psikiyatri Derg. 2015;18(4):112-123.
  • 28. Fischer JL, Spann L, Crawford D. Measuring codependency. Alcoholism Treatm Quart. 1991;8(1):87-100.
  • 29. Fuller JA, Warner RM. Family stressors as predictors of codependency. Genet Soc General Psychol Monographs. 2000;126(1):5-24.
  • 30. Tanhan F, Kayri M, Tanrıverdi S. Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinde internet bağımlılığı ile algılanan sosyal destek arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Online J Technol Addict Cyberbullying. 2014;1(1):33-59.
  • 31. Manicavasagar V, Silove D, Wagner R, Drobny J. A self-report questionnaire for measuring separation anxiety in adulthood. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2003;44(2):146-153.
  • 32. Diriöz M. Ayrılma anksiyetesi için yapılandırılmış klinik görüşme, çocukluk ve yetişkin ayrılma anksiyetesi ölçeklerinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Master Thesis. Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Health Sciences. 2010.
  • 33. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. Pearson Education: 2013.
  • 34. Kline RB. Beyond Significance Testing: Statistics Reform in the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. American Psychological Association: 2013.
  • 35. Durmaz D. Nesne ilişkilerinin yetişkin ayrılık anksiyetesi ve duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ile ilişkisi. İstanbul Aydın University: 2023.
  • 36. Günhan İS. Sınırda (borderline) kişilik örgütlenmesinde ilişki ve partner obsesyonlarının nesne ilişkileri perspektifinden incelenmesi. Master Thesis, Başkent University Institute of Social Sciences. 2021.
  • 37. Picardi A, Miglio R, Tarsitani L. et al. Attachment style and immunity: a 1-year longitudinal study. Biolog Psychol. 2013;92(2):353-358.
  • 38. Unlubilgin E, Tetik S, Aksoy I, Yuksel D, Tekin OM. Relationship between adult separation anxiety and attachment styles and vaginismus. J Sexual Med. 2021;18(10):1752-1758.
  • 39. Türkbay T. Ayrılık kaygısı bozukluğunda psikolojik, ailesel ve sosyal etmenlerin araştırılması. Medical Specialization Thesis. Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi, Askeri Tıp Fakültesi. Ankara. 1999.
  • 40. Shear K, Jin R, Ruscio AM, Walters EE, Kessler RC. Prevalence and correlates of estimated DSM-IV child and adult separation anxiety disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(6):1074-1083.
  • 41. Kessler RC, Wang PS. The descriptive epidemiology of commonly occurring mental disorders in the United States. Annu Rev Public Health. 2008;29(1):115-129.
  • 42. Cengiz N. Üniversite öğrencilerinde ilişki bağımlılığının bağlanma stilleri açısından incelenmesi. Master Thesis. İstanbul Okan University Institute of Social Sciences. İstanbul. 2018.
  • 43. Havaçeliği D. Partner ilişkilerindeki ilişki bağımlılığının ebeveyn bağlanma stilleri ve madde kullanımı ile ilişkisi. Master Thesis, Ege University Graduate School of Social Sciences. İzmir. 2013.
  • 44. Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM. Attachment styles among adults: a test of a fourcategory model. J Personality Soc Psychol. 1991;61(2):226-244.
  • 45. Harrison J, Grey B. Codependent cure: the no more codependency recovery guide for obtaining detachment from codependence relationships (Narcissism and Codependency). 2019.
  • 46. Beattie M. Codependent no more: How to stop controlling others and start caring for yourself. Hazelden Publishing: 1992.
  • 47. Gürek M. Romantik ilişkilerde psikolojik şiddetin ilişki bağımlılığı ve nesne ilişkileri çerçevesinde incelenmesi. İstanbul Aydın University. İstanbul 2022.
  • 48. Mukba G. Üniversite öğrencilerinde ilişki bağımlılığının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi Master’s Thesis. Yüzüncü Yıl University Institute of Educational Sciences. 2013.
  • 49. Berlin LJ, Dodge KA. Relations among relationships. Child Abuse Neglect. 2004;28(11):1127-1132.
Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 160 - 167, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1414691

Abstract

References

  • 1. Moussavi S, Chatterji S, Verdes E, Tandon A, Patel V, Ustun B. Depression chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):851-858.
  • 2. Freud S. Mourning and melancholia. In: Strachey J, ed. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIV (1914-1916): On the history of the psycho-analytic movement, papers on metapsychology and other works. The Hoghard: 1917:243-258.
  • 3. Hayta A. Nesne ilişkileri kuramı ve Tanrı tasavvuru üzerine eleştirel bir değerlendirme. Değerler Eğitimi Derg. 2010;8(20):39-77.
  • 4. McWilliams N. Psikanalitik tanı: Klinik süreç içinde kişilik yapısını anlamak. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları: 2009.
  • 5. Faraji H, Özen ZD. Yetişkin ayrılık anksiyetesinin, ayrılık anksiyetesi belirtileri ile beliren yetişkinlikte bireyleşme düzeyi arasındaki aracı rolü. Mavi Atlas. 2022;10(1):47-69.
  • 6. Mahler MS, Pine F, Bergman A. The psychological birth of the human infant: Symbiosis and individuation. Basic Books. 1975.
  • 7. Öztürk M. Çocukluk çağı ruhsal sorunları ve bozukluk. Ruh Sağ Bozuklukları. 1997;7:421-451.
  • 8. Bögels SM, Knappe S, Clark LA. Adult separation anxiety disorder in DSM-5. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013;33(5):663-674.
  • 9. Basay BK, Bildik T, Basay O, et al. Non-suicidal self-injury among Turkish high school students: functions, emotion regulation and separation individuation. Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence. 2012;5(60):S150.
  • 10. Kealy D, Rice SM, Cox DW. Childhood adversity and depressive symptoms among young adults: examining the roles of individuation difficulties and perceived social support. Early Intervent Psychiat. 2020;14(2):241-246. doi: 10.1111/eip.12894
  • 11. Stafford LL. Is codependency a meaningful concept? Issues Mental Health Nursing. 2001;22(3):273-286.
  • 12. Spann L. Attribution about codependency on the part of feminists and nonfeminists. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas Tech University. 1996.
  • 13. Rusnakova M. Codependency of the members of family of an alcohol addict. Procedia-Social Behav Sci. 2014;132:647-653.
  • 14. Reynaud M. Is love passion an addictive disorder? Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2010;36(5):261-267.
  • 15. Güvenir T, Taş FV. Nesne ilişkileri kuramı. İçinde: Çuhadaroğlu Çetin F, Coşkun A, Pehlivantürk B, et al, editörler. Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Temel Kitabı. Çocuk ve Gençlik Sağlığı Derneği: 2008:116-122.
  • 16. Geçtan E. Psikanaliz ve sonrası. Metis Yayınları: 2017.
  • 17. Karasar N. Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Bilim Kitap Kırtasiye Yayınevi: 2012.
  • 18. Jackson KG. Beck depression inventory. Occup Med. 2016;66(2):174-175. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqv087
  • 19. Wang Y, Gorenstein C. Assessment of depression in medical patients: a systematic review of the utility of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Clinics. 2013;68(9):1274-1287. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2013(09)15
  • 20. Beck A, Steer R, Ball R, Ranieri WF. Comparison of beck depression inventories-ia and-ii in psychiatric outpatients. J Personal Assess. 1996;67(3):588-597. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13
  • 21. Zauszniewski J, Bekhet A. Screening measure for early detection of depressive symptoms. Western J Nursing Res. 2011;34(2):230-244. doi: 10.1177/0193945910396731
  • 22. Areán P, Ayalon L. Assessment and treatment of depressed older adults in primary care. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2005;12(3):321-335. doi: 10.1093/clipsy.bpi034
  • 23. Eisner L, Johnson S, Carver C. Cognitive responses to failure and success relate uniquely to bipolar depression versus mania. J Abnorm Psychol. 2008;117(1):154-163. doi: 10.1037/0021-843x.117.1.154
  • 24. Raes F, Ghesquière I, Gucht D. Cognitive reactivity to success and failure relate uniquely to manic and depression tendencies and combine in bipolar tendencies. Depress Res Treatm. 2012;2012:753946. doi: 10.1155/2012/753946
  • 25. Hisli N. Beck depresyon envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. J Psychol. 1989;7:3-13.
  • 26. Bell MD. Bell object relations and reality testing investory (BORRTI). Western Psychological Services: 1995.
  • 27. Uluç S, Tüzün Z, Haselden M, Erbaş SP. Bell Nesne İlişkileri ve Gerçeği Değerlendirme Ölçeği’nin (BORTTI) Türkçe'ye uyarlama çalışması. Klin Psikiyatri Derg. 2015;18(4):112-123.
  • 28. Fischer JL, Spann L, Crawford D. Measuring codependency. Alcoholism Treatm Quart. 1991;8(1):87-100.
  • 29. Fuller JA, Warner RM. Family stressors as predictors of codependency. Genet Soc General Psychol Monographs. 2000;126(1):5-24.
  • 30. Tanhan F, Kayri M, Tanrıverdi S. Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinde internet bağımlılığı ile algılanan sosyal destek arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Online J Technol Addict Cyberbullying. 2014;1(1):33-59.
  • 31. Manicavasagar V, Silove D, Wagner R, Drobny J. A self-report questionnaire for measuring separation anxiety in adulthood. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2003;44(2):146-153.
  • 32. Diriöz M. Ayrılma anksiyetesi için yapılandırılmış klinik görüşme, çocukluk ve yetişkin ayrılma anksiyetesi ölçeklerinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Master Thesis. Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Health Sciences. 2010.
  • 33. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. Pearson Education: 2013.
  • 34. Kline RB. Beyond Significance Testing: Statistics Reform in the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. American Psychological Association: 2013.
  • 35. Durmaz D. Nesne ilişkilerinin yetişkin ayrılık anksiyetesi ve duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ile ilişkisi. İstanbul Aydın University: 2023.
  • 36. Günhan İS. Sınırda (borderline) kişilik örgütlenmesinde ilişki ve partner obsesyonlarının nesne ilişkileri perspektifinden incelenmesi. Master Thesis, Başkent University Institute of Social Sciences. 2021.
  • 37. Picardi A, Miglio R, Tarsitani L. et al. Attachment style and immunity: a 1-year longitudinal study. Biolog Psychol. 2013;92(2):353-358.
  • 38. Unlubilgin E, Tetik S, Aksoy I, Yuksel D, Tekin OM. Relationship between adult separation anxiety and attachment styles and vaginismus. J Sexual Med. 2021;18(10):1752-1758.
  • 39. Türkbay T. Ayrılık kaygısı bozukluğunda psikolojik, ailesel ve sosyal etmenlerin araştırılması. Medical Specialization Thesis. Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi, Askeri Tıp Fakültesi. Ankara. 1999.
  • 40. Shear K, Jin R, Ruscio AM, Walters EE, Kessler RC. Prevalence and correlates of estimated DSM-IV child and adult separation anxiety disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(6):1074-1083.
  • 41. Kessler RC, Wang PS. The descriptive epidemiology of commonly occurring mental disorders in the United States. Annu Rev Public Health. 2008;29(1):115-129.
  • 42. Cengiz N. Üniversite öğrencilerinde ilişki bağımlılığının bağlanma stilleri açısından incelenmesi. Master Thesis. İstanbul Okan University Institute of Social Sciences. İstanbul. 2018.
  • 43. Havaçeliği D. Partner ilişkilerindeki ilişki bağımlılığının ebeveyn bağlanma stilleri ve madde kullanımı ile ilişkisi. Master Thesis, Ege University Graduate School of Social Sciences. İzmir. 2013.
  • 44. Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM. Attachment styles among adults: a test of a fourcategory model. J Personality Soc Psychol. 1991;61(2):226-244.
  • 45. Harrison J, Grey B. Codependent cure: the no more codependency recovery guide for obtaining detachment from codependence relationships (Narcissism and Codependency). 2019.
  • 46. Beattie M. Codependent no more: How to stop controlling others and start caring for yourself. Hazelden Publishing: 1992.
  • 47. Gürek M. Romantik ilişkilerde psikolojik şiddetin ilişki bağımlılığı ve nesne ilişkileri çerçevesinde incelenmesi. İstanbul Aydın University. İstanbul 2022.
  • 48. Mukba G. Üniversite öğrencilerinde ilişki bağımlılığının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi Master’s Thesis. Yüzüncü Yıl University Institute of Educational Sciences. 2013.
  • 49. Berlin LJ, Dodge KA. Relations among relationships. Child Abuse Neglect. 2004;28(11):1127-1132.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Büşra Yıldız 0009-0007-3650-7128

Kader Bahayi 0000-0001-9173-9780

Publication Date March 25, 2024
Submission Date January 4, 2024
Acceptance Date February 17, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Yıldız B, Bahayi K. Examining the relationship between object relations, relationship attachment and separation anxiety in adults with depressive tendencies. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. March 2024;7(2):160-167. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1414691

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