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0-12 Yaş Çocuğu Olan Ebeveynlerin Sağlık Okuryazarlık Düzeyinin Akılcı Antibiyotik Kullanım Algılarına Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 460 - 472, 15.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.46483/jnef.1375514

Abstract

Giriş: Antibiyotiklerin yanlış ve gereksiz kullanımı sonucu oluşan antibityotik direnci önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Çocukların antibiyotik kullanımı aileleri tarafından yönetilmektedir.

Amaç: 0-12 yaş çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerinin akılcı antibiyotik kullanımına etkisidir.

Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel bu araştırma Ocak-Mart 2022 tarihleri arasında üç Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’nde (ASM) 708 ebeveyn ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler; tanımlayıcı bilgi formu, Anne-baba antibiyotik algıları ölçeği, sağlık-okuryazarlık ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde ortalama, bağımlı gruplarda t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, pearson korelasyon, ve regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin akılcı antibiyotik kullanım algısını en çok sağlık güvencesi varlığı (β=-6.57), anne eğitim düzeyi (β=5.15), son bir yılda antibiyotik kullanımı (β=1.78), yaşanılan yer (β=-1.47) ve sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyi (β= .444) etkilediği saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Ebeveynlerin akılcı antibiyotik kullanım algıları sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ve bazı sosyo-demografik özelliklerden etkilendiği bulunmuştur. Bu doğrultuda özellikle riskli gruplarda bulunan ebeveynlerin akılcı antibiyotik kullanım algılarını yükseltmek için sağlık okuryazarlık eğitimlerinin verilmesi önerilmektedir.

References

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  • Alumran, A., Hou, X. Y., Sun, J., Yousef, A. A., & Hurst, C. (2014). Assessing the construct validity and reliability of the parental perception on antibiotics (PAPA) scales. BMC Public Health, 14, 1-9.
  • Ashiru-Oredope, D., Susan Hopkins on behalf of the English Surveillance Programme for Antimicrobial Utilization and Resistance Oversight Group, Kessel, A., Hopkins, S., Ashiru-Oredope, D., Brown, B., ... & Young, T. (2013). Antimicrobial stewardship: English surveillance programme for antimicrobial utilization and resistance (ESPAUR). Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 68(11), 2421-2423.
  • Battah, M., Halboup, A., Othman, G., Mansoure, A. A., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Ali, F., ... & Ibrahim, M. I. M. (2021). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Antibiotic Use and Its Resistance among Undergraduate Students at the University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 48(11).
  • Bayık-Temel, A., & Aras, Z. (2017). Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 25(2), 85-94.
  • Bhattacharya, A., Hopkins, S., Sallis, A., Budd, E. L., & Ashiru-Oredope, D. (2017). A process evaluation of the UK-wide Antibiotic Guardian campaign: developing engagement on antimicrobial resistance. Journal of Public Health, 39(2), e40-e47.
  • Bosley, H., Henshall, C., Appleton, J. V., & Jackson, D. (2018). A systematic review to explore influences on parental attitudes towards antibiotic prescribing in children. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(5-6), 892-905.
  • Broniatowski, D. A., Klein, E. Y., & Reyna, V. F. (2015). Germs are germs, and why not take a risk? Patients’ expectations for prescribing antibiotics in an inner-city emergency department. Medical Decision Making, 35(1), 60-67.
  • Castro-Sánchez, E., Chang, P. W., Vila-Candel, R., Escobedo, A. A., & Holmes, A. H. (2016). Health literacy and infectious diseases: why does it matter?. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 43, 103-110.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). Antibitic/ Antimicrobial Resistance. https://www.cdc. gov/drugresistance/about.html
  • Chinnasami, B., Sadasivam, K., Ramraj, B., & Pasupathy, S. (2016). Knowledge, attitude and practice of parents towards antibiotic usage and its resistance. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 3(1), 256-261.
  • Çopurlar, C. K., & Kartal, M. (2016). Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Nedir? Nasıl Değerlendirilir? Neden Önemli?. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(1).
  • David, C. M., O’Neal, K. S., Miller, M. J., Johnson, J. L., & Lloyd, A. E. (2017). A literacy-sensitive approach to improving antibiotic understanding in a community-based setting. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 25(5), 394-398.
  • Dunn-Navarra, A. M., Stockwell, M. S., Meyer, D., & Larson, E. (2012). Parental health literacy, knowledge and beliefs regarding upper respiratory infections (URI) in an urban Latino immigrant population. Journal of Urban Health, 89, 848-860.
  • Finkelstein, J. A., Stille, C., Nordin, J., Davis, R., Raebel, M. A., Roblin, D., ... & Platt, R. (2003). Reduction in antibiotic use among US children, 1996–2000. Pediatrics, 112(3), 620-627.
  • Güngör, A. (2019). Çocuklarda antibiyotik kullanımı ile ilgili ebeveynlerin tutum ve davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi, 13(3), 203-207.
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  • Korkut, Y., Alime, E. M. R. E., & Ayada, C. (2019). Evaluation of the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of antibiotics usage at the parents living in the Aegean part of Turkey. Konuralp Medical Journal, 11(3), 350-355.
  • Manganello, J. A., Falisi, A. L., Roberts, K. J., Smith, K. C., & McKenzie, L. B. Pediatric injury information seeking for mothers with young children: the role of health literacy and ehealth literacy. Journal of communication in healthcare, 2016; 9(3), 223-231.
  • Morrison, A. K., Glick, A., & Yin, H. S. (2019). Health literacy: implications for child health. Pediatrics in review, 40(6), 263-277.
  • Morrison, A. K., Schapira, M. M., Hoffmann, R. G., & Brousseau, D. C. (2014). Measuring health literacy in caregivers of children: a comparison of the newest vital sign and S-TOFHLA. Clinical Pediatrics, 53(13), 1264-1270.
  • Mostafa, A., Abdelzaher, A., Rashed, S., AlKhawaga, S. I., Afifi, S. K., AbdelAlim, S., ... & Zidan, T. A. (2021). Is health literacy associated with antibiotic use, knowledge and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among non-medical university students in Egypt? A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 11(3), e046453.
  • Muflih, S. M., Al-Azzam, S., Karasneh, R. A., Conway, B. R., & Aldeyab, M. A. (2021). Public health literacy, knowledge, and awareness regarding antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Antibiotics, 10(9), 1107.
  • Özdemir, E. ve Ergin A. (2023). Anne ve babaların antibiyotik algıları ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Klimik Dergisi, 36(1):32-8.
  • Parimi, N., Pereira, L. M. P., & Prabhakar, P. (2004). Caregivers’ practices, knowledge and beliefs of antibiotics in paediatric upper respiratorytract infections in Trinidad and Tobago: a cross-sectional study. BMC Family Practice, 5, 1-8.
  • Pavydė, E., Veikutis, V., Mačiulienė, A., Mačiulis, V., Petrikonis, K., & Stankevičius, E. (2015). Public knowledge, beliefs and behavior on antibiotic use and self-medication in Lithuania. International journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(6), 7002-7016.
  • Pechere, J. C. (2001). Patients’ interviews and misuse of antibiotics. Clinical infectious diseases, 33(Supplement_3), S170-S173.
  • Rahkar Farshi, M., Ahmadian Heris, J., Ebadi, Z., & Abdinia, B. (2020). A Description of Mothers’ Knowledge and Practice about Antibiotic Use in Children in Northwest of Iran. International journal of Pediatrics, 8(11), 12349-12356.
  • Rousounidis, A., Papaevangelou, V., Hadjipanayis, A., Panagakou, S., Theodoridou, M., Syrogiannopoulos, G., & Hadjichristodoulou, C. (2011). Descriptive study on parents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices on antibiotic use and misuse in children with upper respiratory tract infections in Cyprus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(8), 3246-3262.
  • Sacar, S., Toprak Kavas, S., Asan, A., Hircin Cenger, D., & Turgut, H. (2006). Point prevalence study related to antibiotic usage at Pamukkale University Medical Faculty Hospital. Ankem Journal, 20(4), 217-221.
  • Salehi, B., Abu-Darwish, M. S., Tarawneh, A. H., Cabral, C., Gadetskaya, A. V., Salgueiro, L.et al. (2022). Antimicrobial resistance collaborators global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet, 399, 629-655.
  • Salm, F., Ernsting, C., Kuhlmey, A., Kanzler, M., Gastmeier, P., & Gellert, P. (2018). Antibiotic use, knowledge and health literacy among the general population in Berlin, Germany and its surrounding rural areas. PLoS One, 13(2), e0193336.
  • Salm, F., Ernsting, C., Kuhlmey, A., Kanzler, M., Gastmeier, P., & Gellert, P. (2018). Antibiotic use, knowledge and health literacy among the general population in Berlin, Germany and its surrounding rural areas. PLoS One, 13(2), e0193336.
  • Salonga, M. J. C. (2009). Beliefs and practices of parents on the use of antibiotics for their children with upper respiratory tract infection. PIDSP Journal, 10(1), 40.
  • Shallcross, L., Beckley, N., Rait, G., Hayward, A., & Petersen, I. (2017). Antibiotic prescribing frequency amongst patients in primary care: a cohort study using electronic health records. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 72(6), 1818-1824.
  • Shawq, A. H., Ajil, Z. W., & Al-Musawi, K. M. (2020). Attitudes of mothers towards over the counter antibiotics for their children in Baghdad city. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(09).
  • Steinman, M. A., Gonzales, R., Linder, J. A., & Landefeld, C. S. (2003). Changing use of antibiotics in community-based outpatient practice, 19911999. Annals of İnternal Medicine, 138(7), 525-533.
  • Teck, K. C., Ghazi, H. F., Bin Ahmad, M. I., Binti Abdul Samad, N., Ee Yu, K. L., Binti Ismail, N. F., & Bin Esa, M. A. A. (2016). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents regarding antibiotic usage in treating children’s upper respiratory tract infection at primary health clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pilot study. Health Services Research And Managerial Epidemiology, 3, 2333392816643720.
  • Toçi, E., Burazeri, G., Sorensen, K., Jerliu, N., Ramadani, N., Roshi, E., & Brand, H. (2013). Health literacy and socioeconomic characteristics among older people in transitional Kosovo. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 3(4), 1646-1658.
  • Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi. (2017). Tüba-İnsan ve Hayvan Sağlığında Akılcı Antibiyotik Kullanımı Ve Antibiyotik Dirençlilik Raporu, Ankara.
  • Vallin, M., Polyzoi, M., Marrone, G., Rosales-Klintz, S., Tegmark Wisell, K., & Stålsby Lundborg, C. (2016). Knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use and resistance-a latent class analysis of a Swedish population-based sample. PloS One, 11(4), e0152160.
  • Vaz, L. E., Kleinman, K. P., Lakoma, M. D., Dutta-Linn, M. M., Nahill, C., Hellinger, J., & Finkelstein, J. A. (2015). Prevalence of parental misconceptions about antibiotic use. Pediatrics, 136(2), 221-231.
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The Effect of Health Literacy Level of Parents with 0-12 Years-Old Children on Perceptions of Rational Antibiotic Use

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 460 - 472, 15.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.46483/jnef.1375514

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistance, which occurs as a result of incorrect and unnecessary use of antibiotics, is an important public health problem. Children’s antibiotic use is managed by their families.

Objective: This study was carried out to the effect of the health literacy levels of parents with children aged 0-12 on rational antibiotic use.

Methods: This descriptive and relational study was conducted with 708 parents in three Family Health Centers between December 2021 and March 2022. Data were collected with descriptive information form, parental perceptions on antibiotics scale, health-literacy scale. Mean, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, pearson correlation, and regression analysis were used to evaluate the data.

Results: Parents’ perception of rational antibiotic use is mostly related to health insurance (β=-6.57), mother’s education level (β=5.15), antibiotic use in the last year (β=1.78), place of residence (β=-1.47) and health literacy level (β). = .444).

Conclusion: It was found that parents’ perceptions of rational antibiotic use were affected by health literacy levels and some socio-demographic characteristics. It is recommended that health literacy training be given to increase the rational antibiotic use perceptions of parents, especially in risk groups.

References

  • Al-Ayed, M. S. Z. (2019). Parents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices on antibiotic use by children. Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences, 7(2), 93.
  • Alumran, A., Hou, X. Y., Sun, J., Yousef, A. A., & Hurst, C. (2014). Assessing the construct validity and reliability of the parental perception on antibiotics (PAPA) scales. BMC Public Health, 14, 1-9.
  • Ashiru-Oredope, D., Susan Hopkins on behalf of the English Surveillance Programme for Antimicrobial Utilization and Resistance Oversight Group, Kessel, A., Hopkins, S., Ashiru-Oredope, D., Brown, B., ... & Young, T. (2013). Antimicrobial stewardship: English surveillance programme for antimicrobial utilization and resistance (ESPAUR). Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 68(11), 2421-2423.
  • Battah, M., Halboup, A., Othman, G., Mansoure, A. A., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Ali, F., ... & Ibrahim, M. I. M. (2021). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Antibiotic Use and Its Resistance among Undergraduate Students at the University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 48(11).
  • Bayık-Temel, A., & Aras, Z. (2017). Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 25(2), 85-94.
  • Bhattacharya, A., Hopkins, S., Sallis, A., Budd, E. L., & Ashiru-Oredope, D. (2017). A process evaluation of the UK-wide Antibiotic Guardian campaign: developing engagement on antimicrobial resistance. Journal of Public Health, 39(2), e40-e47.
  • Bosley, H., Henshall, C., Appleton, J. V., & Jackson, D. (2018). A systematic review to explore influences on parental attitudes towards antibiotic prescribing in children. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(5-6), 892-905.
  • Broniatowski, D. A., Klein, E. Y., & Reyna, V. F. (2015). Germs are germs, and why not take a risk? Patients’ expectations for prescribing antibiotics in an inner-city emergency department. Medical Decision Making, 35(1), 60-67.
  • Castro-Sánchez, E., Chang, P. W., Vila-Candel, R., Escobedo, A. A., & Holmes, A. H. (2016). Health literacy and infectious diseases: why does it matter?. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 43, 103-110.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). Antibitic/ Antimicrobial Resistance. https://www.cdc. gov/drugresistance/about.html
  • Chinnasami, B., Sadasivam, K., Ramraj, B., & Pasupathy, S. (2016). Knowledge, attitude and practice of parents towards antibiotic usage and its resistance. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 3(1), 256-261.
  • Çopurlar, C. K., & Kartal, M. (2016). Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Nedir? Nasıl Değerlendirilir? Neden Önemli?. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(1).
  • David, C. M., O’Neal, K. S., Miller, M. J., Johnson, J. L., & Lloyd, A. E. (2017). A literacy-sensitive approach to improving antibiotic understanding in a community-based setting. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 25(5), 394-398.
  • Dunn-Navarra, A. M., Stockwell, M. S., Meyer, D., & Larson, E. (2012). Parental health literacy, knowledge and beliefs regarding upper respiratory infections (URI) in an urban Latino immigrant population. Journal of Urban Health, 89, 848-860.
  • Finkelstein, J. A., Stille, C., Nordin, J., Davis, R., Raebel, M. A., Roblin, D., ... & Platt, R. (2003). Reduction in antibiotic use among US children, 1996–2000. Pediatrics, 112(3), 620-627.
  • Güngör, A. (2019). Çocuklarda antibiyotik kullanımı ile ilgili ebeveynlerin tutum ve davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi, 13(3), 203-207.
  • Healthy People 2030 Ağustos, 2020]. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/hp2030/hp2030.htm
  • Huang, S. S., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Kleinman, K., Kotch, J., Schiff, N., Stille, C. J., ... & Finkelstein, J. A. (2007). Parental knowledge about antibiotic use: results of a cluster-randomized, multicommunity intervention. Pediatrics, 119(4), 698-706.
  • Kenesarı, C. K., & Özçakar, N. (2016). Annelerin çocuklarında antibiyotik kullanımına ilişkin yaklaşımları: Kısa bilgilendirme ne kadar etkili?. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi, 20(1), 16-22.
  • Korkut, Y., Alime, E. M. R. E., & Ayada, C. (2019). Evaluation of the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of antibiotics usage at the parents living in the Aegean part of Turkey. Konuralp Medical Journal, 11(3), 350-355.
  • Manganello, J. A., Falisi, A. L., Roberts, K. J., Smith, K. C., & McKenzie, L. B. Pediatric injury information seeking for mothers with young children: the role of health literacy and ehealth literacy. Journal of communication in healthcare, 2016; 9(3), 223-231.
  • Morrison, A. K., Glick, A., & Yin, H. S. (2019). Health literacy: implications for child health. Pediatrics in review, 40(6), 263-277.
  • Morrison, A. K., Schapira, M. M., Hoffmann, R. G., & Brousseau, D. C. (2014). Measuring health literacy in caregivers of children: a comparison of the newest vital sign and S-TOFHLA. Clinical Pediatrics, 53(13), 1264-1270.
  • Mostafa, A., Abdelzaher, A., Rashed, S., AlKhawaga, S. I., Afifi, S. K., AbdelAlim, S., ... & Zidan, T. A. (2021). Is health literacy associated with antibiotic use, knowledge and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among non-medical university students in Egypt? A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 11(3), e046453.
  • Muflih, S. M., Al-Azzam, S., Karasneh, R. A., Conway, B. R., & Aldeyab, M. A. (2021). Public health literacy, knowledge, and awareness regarding antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Antibiotics, 10(9), 1107.
  • Özdemir, E. ve Ergin A. (2023). Anne ve babaların antibiyotik algıları ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Klimik Dergisi, 36(1):32-8.
  • Parimi, N., Pereira, L. M. P., & Prabhakar, P. (2004). Caregivers’ practices, knowledge and beliefs of antibiotics in paediatric upper respiratorytract infections in Trinidad and Tobago: a cross-sectional study. BMC Family Practice, 5, 1-8.
  • Pavydė, E., Veikutis, V., Mačiulienė, A., Mačiulis, V., Petrikonis, K., & Stankevičius, E. (2015). Public knowledge, beliefs and behavior on antibiotic use and self-medication in Lithuania. International journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(6), 7002-7016.
  • Pechere, J. C. (2001). Patients’ interviews and misuse of antibiotics. Clinical infectious diseases, 33(Supplement_3), S170-S173.
  • Rahkar Farshi, M., Ahmadian Heris, J., Ebadi, Z., & Abdinia, B. (2020). A Description of Mothers’ Knowledge and Practice about Antibiotic Use in Children in Northwest of Iran. International journal of Pediatrics, 8(11), 12349-12356.
  • Rousounidis, A., Papaevangelou, V., Hadjipanayis, A., Panagakou, S., Theodoridou, M., Syrogiannopoulos, G., & Hadjichristodoulou, C. (2011). Descriptive study on parents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices on antibiotic use and misuse in children with upper respiratory tract infections in Cyprus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(8), 3246-3262.
  • Sacar, S., Toprak Kavas, S., Asan, A., Hircin Cenger, D., & Turgut, H. (2006). Point prevalence study related to antibiotic usage at Pamukkale University Medical Faculty Hospital. Ankem Journal, 20(4), 217-221.
  • Salehi, B., Abu-Darwish, M. S., Tarawneh, A. H., Cabral, C., Gadetskaya, A. V., Salgueiro, L.et al. (2022). Antimicrobial resistance collaborators global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet, 399, 629-655.
  • Salm, F., Ernsting, C., Kuhlmey, A., Kanzler, M., Gastmeier, P., & Gellert, P. (2018). Antibiotic use, knowledge and health literacy among the general population in Berlin, Germany and its surrounding rural areas. PLoS One, 13(2), e0193336.
  • Salm, F., Ernsting, C., Kuhlmey, A., Kanzler, M., Gastmeier, P., & Gellert, P. (2018). Antibiotic use, knowledge and health literacy among the general population in Berlin, Germany and its surrounding rural areas. PLoS One, 13(2), e0193336.
  • Salonga, M. J. C. (2009). Beliefs and practices of parents on the use of antibiotics for their children with upper respiratory tract infection. PIDSP Journal, 10(1), 40.
  • Shallcross, L., Beckley, N., Rait, G., Hayward, A., & Petersen, I. (2017). Antibiotic prescribing frequency amongst patients in primary care: a cohort study using electronic health records. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 72(6), 1818-1824.
  • Shawq, A. H., Ajil, Z. W., & Al-Musawi, K. M. (2020). Attitudes of mothers towards over the counter antibiotics for their children in Baghdad city. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(09).
  • Steinman, M. A., Gonzales, R., Linder, J. A., & Landefeld, C. S. (2003). Changing use of antibiotics in community-based outpatient practice, 19911999. Annals of İnternal Medicine, 138(7), 525-533.
  • Teck, K. C., Ghazi, H. F., Bin Ahmad, M. I., Binti Abdul Samad, N., Ee Yu, K. L., Binti Ismail, N. F., & Bin Esa, M. A. A. (2016). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents regarding antibiotic usage in treating children’s upper respiratory tract infection at primary health clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: pilot study. Health Services Research And Managerial Epidemiology, 3, 2333392816643720.
  • Toçi, E., Burazeri, G., Sorensen, K., Jerliu, N., Ramadani, N., Roshi, E., & Brand, H. (2013). Health literacy and socioeconomic characteristics among older people in transitional Kosovo. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 3(4), 1646-1658.
  • Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi. (2017). Tüba-İnsan ve Hayvan Sağlığında Akılcı Antibiyotik Kullanımı Ve Antibiyotik Dirençlilik Raporu, Ankara.
  • Vallin, M., Polyzoi, M., Marrone, G., Rosales-Klintz, S., Tegmark Wisell, K., & Stålsby Lundborg, C. (2016). Knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use and resistance-a latent class analysis of a Swedish population-based sample. PloS One, 11(4), e0152160.
  • Vaz, L. E., Kleinman, K. P., Lakoma, M. D., Dutta-Linn, M. M., Nahill, C., Hellinger, J., & Finkelstein, J. A. (2015). Prevalence of parental misconceptions about antibiotic use. Pediatrics, 136(2), 221-231.
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There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Kübra Pınar Gürkan 0000-0002-0279-8189

Early Pub Date October 15, 2023
Publication Date October 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 16 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Gürkan, K. P. (2023). 0-12 Yaş Çocuğu Olan Ebeveynlerin Sağlık Okuryazarlık Düzeyinin Akılcı Antibiyotik Kullanım Algılarına Etkisi. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi, 16(4), 460-472. https://doi.org/10.46483/jnef.1375514

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