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Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for Social and Behavioral Sciences Studies: Steps Sequence and Explanation

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 69 - 108, 27.01.2024

Abstract

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is one of the multivariate analyses that is used to test complicated research models, which include several constructs that have a group of independent and dependent variables with a series of hypothesized relations and associations between them. It starts with examining the collected data by conducting a data screening analysis and descriptive statistics. The scale used to measure the variables should be examined by conducting factor analysis (EFA & CFA) to make sure the data fits the research measurement model and to assess the scale's reliability, validity, and its level of fit to the collected data. The analysis of multivariate assumption should be reviewed then path analysis can be done for hypotheses testing and getting the final results. The final results have to be explained and interpreted based on the research’s theoretical background and its literature foundation. This review paper explains these steps in detail for quantitative analysis students and other researchers who have basic knowledge of statistics, using simple words without diving deeply into statistics’ details and its related formulas.

Ethical Statement

Research and publication ethics were observed in the study.

Thanks

To Dr. Güven Ordun – Istanbul University for his help in developing Figure 2.

References

  • Alavi, M., Visentin, D. C., Thapa, D. K., Hunt, G. E., Watson, R., & Cleary, M. (2020). Chi-square for model fit in confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76, 2209-2211. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14399
  • Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, S. W., Skolits, G. J., & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical considerations for using exploratory factor analysis in educational research. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 18, 6. https://doi.org/10.7275/qv2q-rk76.
  • Bonett, D. G., & Wright, T. A. (2015). Cronbach's alpha reliability: Interval estimation, hypothesis testing, and sample size planning. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1960
  • Boos, D. D. (2003). Introduction to the bootstrap world. Statistical Science, 18(2), 168–174. https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1063994971
  • Brown, J. D. (2002). The cronbach alpha reliability estimate. JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter, 6(1), 17-18. http://jalt.org/test/bro_13.htm
  • Vaske, J. J., Beaman, J., & Sponarski, C. C. (2017). Rethinking internal consistency in cronbach’s alpha. Leisure Sciences, 39(2), 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1127189
  • Weston, R. (2006). A brief guide to structural equation modeling. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(5), 719-751. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006286345
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M., & Toplu Yaşlıoğlu, D. (2020). How and when to use which fit indices? A practical and critical review of the methodology. Istanbul Management Journal, 88(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.26650/imj.2020.88.0001
  • Yong, A. G., & Pearce, S. (2013). A beginner’s guide to factor analysis: Focusing on exploratory factor analysis. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 9(2), 79-94. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.09.2.p079

Sosyal ve Davranışsal Bilimler İçin Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM): Adımlar Dizisi ve Açıklaması

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 69 - 108, 27.01.2024

Abstract

Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM), çeşitli yapıları içeren karmaşık araştırma modellerini test etmek için kullanılan bir çok değişkenli analiz yöntemidir. Bu yöntemde, bir grup bağımsız ve bağımlı değişken arasındaki ilişkiler varsayılan ve ölçekleri belirli bir şekilde yapılandırılmıştır. Analiz, veri tarama analizi ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler yürüterek toplanan verilerin incelenmesiyle başlar. Verilerin ölçülmesi için kullanılan ölçek, faktör analizi (EFA & DFA) yöntemleri ile belirlenir ve verilerin araştırma ölçme modeline uygunluğu, ölçeğin güvenilirliği, geçerliliği ve toplanan verilerle uyum düzeyi değerlendirilir. Çok değişkenli varsayımların analizi gözden geçirilmelidir; daha sonrasında ise yol analizi yapılarak hipotezler test edilebilir ve nihai sonuçlara ulaşılabilir. Sonuçlar araştırmanın teorik altyapısı ve literatür temeline dayalı olarak açıklanlamalı ve yorumlanmalıdır. Bu makale, nicel analiz öğrencileri ve istatistik konusunda temel bilgiye sahip diğer araştırmacılar için, istatistiğin ayrıntılarına ve ilgili formüllerine girmeden basit kelimeler kullanarak bu adımları ayrıntılı olarak açıklamaktadır.

References

  • Alavi, M., Visentin, D. C., Thapa, D. K., Hunt, G. E., Watson, R., & Cleary, M. (2020). Chi-square for model fit in confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76, 2209-2211. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14399
  • Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, S. W., Skolits, G. J., & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical considerations for using exploratory factor analysis in educational research. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 18, 6. https://doi.org/10.7275/qv2q-rk76.
  • Bonett, D. G., & Wright, T. A. (2015). Cronbach's alpha reliability: Interval estimation, hypothesis testing, and sample size planning. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1960
  • Boos, D. D. (2003). Introduction to the bootstrap world. Statistical Science, 18(2), 168–174. https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1063994971
  • Brown, J. D. (2002). The cronbach alpha reliability estimate. JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter, 6(1), 17-18. http://jalt.org/test/bro_13.htm
  • Vaske, J. J., Beaman, J., & Sponarski, C. C. (2017). Rethinking internal consistency in cronbach’s alpha. Leisure Sciences, 39(2), 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1127189
  • Weston, R. (2006). A brief guide to structural equation modeling. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(5), 719-751. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006286345
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M., & Toplu Yaşlıoğlu, D. (2020). How and when to use which fit indices? A practical and critical review of the methodology. Istanbul Management Journal, 88(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.26650/imj.2020.88.0001
  • Yong, A. G., & Pearce, S. (2013). A beginner’s guide to factor analysis: Focusing on exploratory factor analysis. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 9(2), 79-94. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.09.2.p079
There are 9 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Strategy, Management and Organisational Behaviour (Other)
Journal Section Derleme Makaleler
Authors

Marwan Ghaleb 0000-0003-0963-4758

Murat Yaslioglu 0000-0003-2464-5439

Early Pub Date January 27, 2024
Publication Date January 27, 2024
Submission Date November 25, 2023
Acceptance Date January 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ghaleb, M., & Yaslioglu, M. (2024). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for Social and Behavioral Sciences Studies: Steps Sequence and Explanation. Journal of Organizational Behavior Review, 6(1), 69-108.