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Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 38 - 64, 28.03.2024

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References

  • Addae-Korankye, A., & Abada, A. (2017). Microfinance and women empowerment in Madina in Accra, Ghana. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 7(3), 222–31. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal. aefr/2017.7.3/102.3.222.231
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  • Akhter, J., & Cheng, K. (2020). Sustainable empowerment initiatives among rural women through microcredit borrowings in Bangladesh. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ su12062275
  • Al-Mamun, A., Wahab, S. A., Nurul, M., Mazumder, H., & Su, Z. (2014). Empirical investigation on the impact of Microcredit on women’s empowerment in urban peninsular Malaysia. In Source: The Journal of Developing Areas (Vol. 48, Issue 2).
  • Al-Shami, S. S. A., Majid, I., Mohamad, M. R., & Rashid, N. (2017). Household welfare and women empowerment through microcredit financing: Evidence from Malaysia microcredit. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 27(8), 894–910. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911.359.20 17.1345341
  • Al-Shami, S. S. A., Razali, M. M., Majid, I., Rozelan, A., & Rashid, N. (2016). The effect of microfinance on women’s empowerment: Evidence from Malaysia. Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 22(3), 318– 337. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259.276.2016.1205378
  • Alshebami, A. S., & Khandare, D. M. (2015). The Role of Microfinance for Empowerment of Poor Women in Yemen. International Journal of Social Work, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.5296/URL
  • Ashraf, N., Karlan, D., & Yin, W. (2010). Female Empowerment: Impact of a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines. World Development, 38(3), 333–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. worlddev.2009.05.010
  • Awojobi, O. N. (2014). Empowering women through micro-finance: Evidence from Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 4(1), 17. https://www.ajbmr.com/articlepdf/aus-29- 195i04n01a3.pdf
  • Batinge, B. K., & Jenkins, H. (2021). Gender and poverty reduction in Ghana: the role of microfinance institutions. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 13(8), 1–71. https://doi.org/10.5539/ ijef.v13n8p71
  • Bawah, M., Sadiq, M. A., & Antwi, J. (2023). Assessing the Impact of Microfinance Schemes to Meet the Challenging Needs of Women in Human Resource Development: Sagnarigu Municipality as a Case Study. Saudi J Bus Manag Stud, 8(3), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2023.v08i03.001
  • Bercaw, D. W. (2012, January). Empowering women through microfinance: Microfinance interventions in Ghana and South Africa. In International Forum of Teaching and Learning (Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 23–36).
  • Blumberg, B., Cooper, D., & Schindler, P. (2014). EBOOK: Business Research Methods. McGraw Hill. https://books.google.com.af/ books?hl=en&lr=&id=9sovEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Cooper+%26+Schindler,+ 2014&ots=2C0600QhuE&sig=h7adxEuoikeRZO8HxhuCcWMSgvc&redir_ esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cooper%20%26%20Schindler%2C%202014&f=false
  • Brink, P. J., & Wood, M. J. (1998). Descriptive designs. Advanced design in nursing research, 2, 287-307. https:// books.google.com.af/books?hl=en&lr=&id=D5E5DQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA287&dq=br ink+and+wood+1998&ots=h6F_Tc-KZi&sig=EVefQGY5YzlD8aT4KAnqdYlSNrM&redir_ esc=y#v=onepage&q=brink%20and%20wood%201998&f=false
  • Campbell, K. (2017). To Eradicate Poverty in Afghanistan, Women’s Empowerment is Essential. Retrieved from https://www.womenforwomen.org/blogs/eradicate-poverty-afghanistan-womens- empowerment-essential
  • Central Statistics Organization (2018). AFGHANISTAN LIVING. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/ surveyLib/index.php/catalog/2114/download/17907
  • Chaudhary, M. K. (2022). A Contribution of Microfinance in Women Empowerment: A Case of Janakpur Municipality, Nepal. International Research Journal of MMC (IRJMMC), 3(1), 32–39. https://doi. org/10.3126/irjmmc.v3i1.44191
  • Chhay, D. (2011). Women’s economic empowerment through microfinance in Cambodia. Development in Practice, 21(8), 1122–1137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614.524.2011.606891
  • Colaco, F. X., & Rangamani, K. T. (2013). Impact of Microfinance on Empowerment of Women: A Study. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 3(12), 191-205.
  • Corsi, M., Botti, F., Rondinella, T., & Zacchia, G. (2006). Women and microfinance in Mediterranean countries. Development, 49(2), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100247
  • Debnath, D., Rahman, M. S., Acharjee, D. C., Latif, W. U., & Wang, L. (2019). Empowering women through Microcredit in Bangladesh: An empirical study. International Journal of Financial Studies, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs7030037
  • Doane, D. P., & Seward, L. E. (2011). Measuring skewness: a forgotten statistic? Journal of Statistics Education, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/10691.898.2011.11889611
  • Fayyaz, S., Hakim, R. A., & Khan, S. J. M. (2016). Impact of Microcredit on women borrower’s quality of life in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Journal of Advanced Research in Business and Management Studies, 5(1), 72-86. https://www.akademiabaru.com/submit/index.php/arbms/article/view/1214
  • Ganle, J. K., Afriyie, K., & Segbefia, A. Y. (2015). Microcredit: Empowerment and disempowerment of rural women in Ghana. World Development, 66, 335–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.08.027
  • Garikipati, S. (2008). The Impact of Lending to Women on Household Vulnerability and Women’s Empowerment: Evidence from India. World Development, 36(12), 2620–2642. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.11.008
  • Granlund, F. (2013). The impact of Microcredit on Women’s Empowerment. A case study of Microcredit in the Tangail district, Bangladesh. https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/ download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=3732033&fileOId=3789388
  • Gubhaju, R. (2023). Women Empowerment in Self-Help Groups through Microfinance: A Case Study of Rautahat District. Apex Journal of Business and Management, 1(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.61274/ apxc.2023.v01i01.004
  • Gupta, N., & Mirchandani, A. (2020). Corporate governance and performance of microfinance institutions: recent global evidence. Journal of Management and Governance, 24(2), 307–326. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10997.018.9446-4
  • Haidari, A. (2018). The Contribution of Women to Household Income, Through Participation in Micro- Credit.
  • Hussein, M. H. (2009). “State of Microfinance in Afghanistan By.” Institute of Microfinance (InM): Retrieved from http://inm.org.bd/wp-content/themes/inm/pdf/Afghanistan.pdf
  • Idrees, B., Ilyas, R., & Cheema, S. N. (2012). Role of Microcredit in Women Empowerment in Pakistan. Academic Research International, 2(2), 464. https://www.academia.edu/download/40686049/micro_ crediting.pdf
  • Kabeer, N. (2001). Conflicts over credit: Re-evaluating the empowerment potential of loans to women in rural Bangladesh. World Development, 29(1), 63–84.
  • Kato, M. P., & Kratzer, J. (2013). Empowering Women through Microfinance: Evidence from Tanzania. ACRN Journal of Entrepreneurship Perspectives, 2, 31–59.
  • Khan, A., & Zyck, S. A. (2012). The Civil-Military Fusion Women & Gender in Afghanistan.
  • Khan, R. E. A. (2012). Microfinance and women empowerment: A case study of District Bahawalpur (Pakistan). African Journal of Business Management, 6(12). https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.2407
  • Khan, S. T., Bhat, M. A., & Sangmi, M. U. D. (2023). Impact of microfinance on economic, social, political and psychological empowerment: Evidence from women’s self-help groups in Kashmir Valley, India. FIIB Business Review, 12(1), 58-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/231.971.4520972905
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The Impact of Microfinance on Women Empowerment: A case study of Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh, Afghanistan

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 38 - 64, 28.03.2024

Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of microfinance on the empowerment of women in Afghanistan in terms of economic, educational, decision-making, and social status. The country has been plagued by poverty and conflict for more than 30 years, with women being the most severely impacted. Microfinance institutions have been introduced to alleviate poverty, with a focus on women. A quantitative research method was used, with 100 randomly selected women clients of microcredit. The study found that microfinance has had a significant impact on women's economic empowerment, education, decision-making, and social status. However, access to microfinance services was challenging due to the need for a guarantor. Furthermore, the regression analysis showed that microfinance's economic empowerment, education, decision-making, and social status have a positive and significant impact on women's empowerment in Afghanistan. However, under the new regime, microcredit is no longer available for women, which could have a significant impact on their empowerment, given the high poverty rate, particularly among women. Therefore, the study recommends that the government allow and encourage microfinance institutions to provide credit facilities to women in these challenging circumstances.

References

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  • Addai, B. (2017). Women Empowerment Through Microfinance: Empirical Evidence from Ghana. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfa.20170501.11
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  • Akhter, J., & Cheng, K. (2020). Sustainable empowerment initiatives among rural women through microcredit borrowings in Bangladesh. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ su12062275
  • Al-Mamun, A., Wahab, S. A., Nurul, M., Mazumder, H., & Su, Z. (2014). Empirical investigation on the impact of Microcredit on women’s empowerment in urban peninsular Malaysia. In Source: The Journal of Developing Areas (Vol. 48, Issue 2).
  • Al-Shami, S. S. A., Majid, I., Mohamad, M. R., & Rashid, N. (2017). Household welfare and women empowerment through microcredit financing: Evidence from Malaysia microcredit. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 27(8), 894–910. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911.359.20 17.1345341
  • Al-Shami, S. S. A., Razali, M. M., Majid, I., Rozelan, A., & Rashid, N. (2016). The effect of microfinance on women’s empowerment: Evidence from Malaysia. Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 22(3), 318– 337. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259.276.2016.1205378
  • Alshebami, A. S., & Khandare, D. M. (2015). The Role of Microfinance for Empowerment of Poor Women in Yemen. International Journal of Social Work, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.5296/URL
  • Ashraf, N., Karlan, D., & Yin, W. (2010). Female Empowerment: Impact of a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines. World Development, 38(3), 333–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. worlddev.2009.05.010
  • Awojobi, O. N. (2014). Empowering women through micro-finance: Evidence from Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 4(1), 17. https://www.ajbmr.com/articlepdf/aus-29- 195i04n01a3.pdf
  • Batinge, B. K., & Jenkins, H. (2021). Gender and poverty reduction in Ghana: the role of microfinance institutions. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 13(8), 1–71. https://doi.org/10.5539/ ijef.v13n8p71
  • Bawah, M., Sadiq, M. A., & Antwi, J. (2023). Assessing the Impact of Microfinance Schemes to Meet the Challenging Needs of Women in Human Resource Development: Sagnarigu Municipality as a Case Study. Saudi J Bus Manag Stud, 8(3), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2023.v08i03.001
  • Bercaw, D. W. (2012, January). Empowering women through microfinance: Microfinance interventions in Ghana and South Africa. In International Forum of Teaching and Learning (Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 23–36).
  • Blumberg, B., Cooper, D., & Schindler, P. (2014). EBOOK: Business Research Methods. McGraw Hill. https://books.google.com.af/ books?hl=en&lr=&id=9sovEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Cooper+%26+Schindler,+ 2014&ots=2C0600QhuE&sig=h7adxEuoikeRZO8HxhuCcWMSgvc&redir_ esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cooper%20%26%20Schindler%2C%202014&f=false
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  • Central Statistics Organization (2018). AFGHANISTAN LIVING. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/ surveyLib/index.php/catalog/2114/download/17907
  • Chaudhary, M. K. (2022). A Contribution of Microfinance in Women Empowerment: A Case of Janakpur Municipality, Nepal. International Research Journal of MMC (IRJMMC), 3(1), 32–39. https://doi. org/10.3126/irjmmc.v3i1.44191
  • Chhay, D. (2011). Women’s economic empowerment through microfinance in Cambodia. Development in Practice, 21(8), 1122–1137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614.524.2011.606891
  • Colaco, F. X., & Rangamani, K. T. (2013). Impact of Microfinance on Empowerment of Women: A Study. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 3(12), 191-205.
  • Corsi, M., Botti, F., Rondinella, T., & Zacchia, G. (2006). Women and microfinance in Mediterranean countries. Development, 49(2), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100247
  • Debnath, D., Rahman, M. S., Acharjee, D. C., Latif, W. U., & Wang, L. (2019). Empowering women through Microcredit in Bangladesh: An empirical study. International Journal of Financial Studies, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs7030037
  • Doane, D. P., & Seward, L. E. (2011). Measuring skewness: a forgotten statistic? Journal of Statistics Education, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/10691.898.2011.11889611
  • Fayyaz, S., Hakim, R. A., & Khan, S. J. M. (2016). Impact of Microcredit on women borrower’s quality of life in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Journal of Advanced Research in Business and Management Studies, 5(1), 72-86. https://www.akademiabaru.com/submit/index.php/arbms/article/view/1214
  • Ganle, J. K., Afriyie, K., & Segbefia, A. Y. (2015). Microcredit: Empowerment and disempowerment of rural women in Ghana. World Development, 66, 335–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.08.027
  • Garikipati, S. (2008). The Impact of Lending to Women on Household Vulnerability and Women’s Empowerment: Evidence from India. World Development, 36(12), 2620–2642. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.11.008
  • Granlund, F. (2013). The impact of Microcredit on Women’s Empowerment. A case study of Microcredit in the Tangail district, Bangladesh. https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/ download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=3732033&fileOId=3789388
  • Gubhaju, R. (2023). Women Empowerment in Self-Help Groups through Microfinance: A Case Study of Rautahat District. Apex Journal of Business and Management, 1(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.61274/ apxc.2023.v01i01.004
  • Gupta, N., & Mirchandani, A. (2020). Corporate governance and performance of microfinance institutions: recent global evidence. Journal of Management and Governance, 24(2), 307–326. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10997.018.9446-4
  • Haidari, A. (2018). The Contribution of Women to Household Income, Through Participation in Micro- Credit.
  • Hussein, M. H. (2009). “State of Microfinance in Afghanistan By.” Institute of Microfinance (InM): Retrieved from http://inm.org.bd/wp-content/themes/inm/pdf/Afghanistan.pdf
  • Idrees, B., Ilyas, R., & Cheema, S. N. (2012). Role of Microcredit in Women Empowerment in Pakistan. Academic Research International, 2(2), 464. https://www.academia.edu/download/40686049/micro_ crediting.pdf
  • Kabeer, N. (2001). Conflicts over credit: Re-evaluating the empowerment potential of loans to women in rural Bangladesh. World Development, 29(1), 63–84.
  • Kato, M. P., & Kratzer, J. (2013). Empowering Women through Microfinance: Evidence from Tanzania. ACRN Journal of Entrepreneurship Perspectives, 2, 31–59.
  • Khan, A., & Zyck, S. A. (2012). The Civil-Military Fusion Women & Gender in Afghanistan.
  • Khan, R. E. A. (2012). Microfinance and women empowerment: A case study of District Bahawalpur (Pakistan). African Journal of Business Management, 6(12). https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.2407
  • Khan, S. T., Bhat, M. A., & Sangmi, M. U. D. (2023). Impact of microfinance on economic, social, political and psychological empowerment: Evidence from women’s self-help groups in Kashmir Valley, India. FIIB Business Review, 12(1), 58-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/231.971.4520972905
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There are 71 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Applied Microeconometrics
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Baqir Khawari 0000-0001-5142-4784

Mohammad Samim Miskinyar 0009-0006-8011-3081

Mohammad Sadiq Khawari 0009-0003-6096-6245

Early Pub Date March 21, 2024
Publication Date March 28, 2024
Submission Date November 15, 2023
Acceptance Date February 3, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Khawari, B., Miskinyar, M. S., & Khawari, M. S. (2024). The Impact of Microfinance on Women Empowerment: A case study of Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh, Afghanistan. Journal of Research in Economics, 8(1), 38-64.