Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 793 - 800, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1072541

Abstract

References

  • 1. Salvi J, Katewa S. A review: underutilized wild edible plants as a potential source of alternative nutrition. Int J Bot Stud. 2016;1(4):32–6.
  • 2. Ugoeze KC, Ehianeta, T, Alaribe, C, Anyakora, C. Analysis and identification of oils from seed extract of Anthonotha macrophylla using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Afr J Biotechnol. 2014 May 28;13(22):2260–4. .
  • 3. Ikhuoria EU, Aiwonegbe AE, Okoli P, Idu M. Characteristics and Composition of African Oil Bean Seed (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth). J of Applied Sciences. 2008 Mar 15;8(7):1337–9. .
  • 4. Feyssa DH, Njoka JT, Asfaw Z, Nyangito MM. Wild Edible Fruits of Importance for Human Nutrition in Semiarid Parts of East Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: Associated Indigenous Knowledge and Implications to Food Security. Pakistan J of Nutrition. 2010 Dec 15;10(1):40–50. .
  • 5. Ajayi IA. Physicochemical attributes of oils from seeds of different plants in Nigeria. Bull Chem Soc Eth. 2010 Mar 17;24(1):145–9. .
  • 6. Seidu KT, Osundahunsi O, Olaleye M, Oluwalana I. Chemical composition, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potentials of lima bean seeds coat. Annals of Food Science and Technology. 2014;15(2):288–98.
  • 7. Tegegne D. Importance of Ficus thonningii Blume in Soil Fertility Improvement and Animal Nutrition in Gondar Zuria, Ethiopia [Internet] [Master of Science Thesis]. [Vienna, Austria]: University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science; 2008.
  • 8. Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Anthony S. Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide [Internet]. Agroforestree Database. 2009.
  • 9. Balehegn M, Hintsa K. Effect of maturity on chemical composition of edible parts of Ficus thonningii Blume (Moraceae): an indigenous multipurpose fodder tree in Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2015;27(12):1–8.
  • 10. Jokthan GE, Afikwu EV, Olugbemi TS. The Utilization of Fig (Ficus thonningii) and Mango (Mangifera indica) Leaves by Rabbits. Pakistan J of Nutrition. 2003 Jun 15;2(4):264–6. .
  • 11. Adungbe Bamikole M, Julius Ikhatua U. Nutritional evaluation of Ficus thonningii‐Panicum maximum mixtures in West African dwarf goats. Nutrition & Food Science. 2010 May 25;40(3):280–8. .
  • 12. Ogunwande IA, Sonibare MA, Thang TD, Dung NX, Soladoye MO, Morohunfolu OO. Comparative Analysis of the Oils of Three Ficus Species from Nigeria. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2008 Sep;20(5):386–9. .
  • 13. Tegbe TSB, Adeyinka IA, Baye KD, Alawa JP. Evaluation of Feeding Graded Levels of Dried and Milled Ficus thonningii Leaves on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Organs of Weaner Rabbits. Pakistan J of Nutrition. 2006 Oct 15;5(6):548–50. .
  • 14. Olisakwe H, Ikpambese K, Ipilakyaa T, Ekengwu I. The Inhibitive Effect of Ficus Thonningii Leaves Extract in 1m HCL Solution as Corrosion Inhibitors on Mild Steel. Int J Innov Sci Res Tech. 2022;7(1):769–76.
  • 15. Nawaz H, Waheed R, Nawaz M. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Medicinal Significance of Ficus. In: Kahramanoglu I, Ebru Kafkas N, Küden A, Çömlekçioğlu S, editors. Modern Fruit Industry [Internet]. IntechOpen; 2020 [cited 2022 May 12]. ISBN: 978-1-78984-730.
  • 16. Ndukwe, I G, Bello, A I, Habila, J D, et al. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of the crude petroleum spirit and methanol extracts of the stem bark, leaves and roots of Ficus thoningii (blume). Afr J Biotechnol. 2007 Dec 31;6(23):2645–9. .
  • 17. Oyelere SF, Tunwagun DA, Bamikunle MV, Ayoade TE, Adebayo TA, Oluwatola BS, et al. Phytochemical analysis of Ficus thonningii: A qualitative study. JMHE. 2021 Jul 17;47–51. .
  • 18. Adane H, Atnafie SA, Kifle ZD, Ambikar D. Evaluation of In Vivo Antiulcer Activity of Hydro-Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Stem Bark of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) on Rodent Models. Hernandez LR, editor. BioMed Research International. 2021 Apr 9;2021:1–10. .
  • 19. Ijarotimi OS, Adeoti OA, Ariyo O. Comparative study on nutrient composition, phytochemical, and functional characteristics of raw, germinated, and fermented Moringa oleifera seed flour. Food Sci Nutr. 2013 Nov;1(6):452–63. .
  • 20. Oluwaniyi O, Odebunmi E, Owolabi C. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the phytochemicals of Raphia hookeri and Raphia farinifera fruits. Science Focus. 2014;19(1):28–33.
  • 21. Oluwaniyi O, Bazambo I. Anti-nutritional and phytochemical evaluation of raw and fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds. Glo Jnl Pure Appl Sci. 2014 Dec 8;20(2):105–9. .
  • 22. Okoronkwo C, Ogwo P, Udensi E, Agu R. Nutritional and phytochemical composition of utu (Icacina senegalensis) and sycamore (Ficus sycomorus). seeds. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology. 2014;8(7):49–53.
  • 23. Okoye C, Ibeto C, Ihedioha J. Preliminary studies on the characterization of orange seed and pawpaw seed oils. American Journal of Food Technology. 2011;6(5):422–6.
  • 24. Abd El-Aziz A, Abd El-Kalek H. Antimicrobial proteins and oil seeds from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). Nature and Science. 2011;9(3):105–19.
  • 25. Ojieh G, Ogunlowo Y. Compositional Studies of Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) seeds. The internet journal of Nutrition and wellness. 2008;6:25–31. .
  • 26. Mirjana M, Ksenija P. Characteristics and Composition of Melon Seed Oil. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2005;50:41–7.
  • 27. Bhargava A, Kumbhare V, Srivastava A, Sahai A. Bamboo parts and seeds for additional source of nutrition. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 1996;33(2):145–6.
  • 28. Siddhuraju P, Vijayakumari K, Janardhanan K. Chemical Composition and Protein Quality of the Little-Known Legume, Velvet Bean ( Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.). J Agric Food Chem. 1996 Jan 1;44(9):2636–41. .
  • 29. Mune Mune MA, Rene Minka S, Lape Mbome I, Etoa FX. Nutritional Potential of Bambara Bean Protein Concentrate. Pakistan J of Nutrition. 2011 Jan 15;10(2):112–9. .
  • 30. Adetuyi F, Osagie A. Nutrient, antinutrient, mineral and zinc bioavailability of okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench Variety. AJFN. 2011 Apr;1(2):49–54. .
  • 31. Butt MS, Batool R. Nutritional and Functional Properties of Some Promising Legumes Protein Isolates. Pakistan J of Nutrition. 2010 Mar 15;9(4):373–9. .
  • 32. Niemann D, Butterworth D, Niemann C. Nutrition-Winc. Brown Publication Dubuque USA. 1992;237–312.
  • 33. Akajiaku L, Nwosu J, Onuegbu N, Njoku N, Egbeneke C. Proximate, Mineral and An ti-nutrient Composition of Processed (Soaked and Roasted) Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Seed nut. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2014 Dec 31;2(3):136–45. .
  • 34. Laires MJ. Role of cellular magnesium in health and human disease. Front Biosci. 2004;9(1–3):262. .
  • 35. Lukaski HC, Johnson PE, Bolonchuk WW, Lykken GI. Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1985 Apr 1;41(4):810–7. .
  • 36. Nimni ME, Han B, Cordoba F. Are we getting enough sulfur in our diet? Nutr Metab (Lond). 2007;4(1):24. .
  • 37. Aremu M, Awala E, Opaluwa O, Odoh R, Bamidele T. Effect of Processing on Nutritional Composition of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) and Mesquite Bean (Prosopis africana) Seeds. Commun Appl Sci. 2015;3(1):22–41. .
  • 38. Khursid SJ, Qureshi IH. The role of inorganic elements in the human body. Nucleus. 1984;21(4):3–23.
  • 39. Kim D, Bae E, Han M, Choo M, Park E, Park J. Novel use of the extract of processed panax genus plant and saponin compound isolated there from. US Patent Application.2003/0190377 A1.
  • 40. Hooper L, Kroon PA, Rimm EB, Cohn JS, Harvey I, Le Cornu KA, et al. Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008 Jul 1;88(1):38–50. .
  • 41. Amić D, Davidović-Amić D, Bešlo D, Trinajstić N. Structure-Radical Scavenging Activity Relationships of Flavonoids. Croatica Chemica Acta. 2003;76(1):55-61.
  • 42. Oboh G, Akindahunsi AA, Oshodi AA. Dynamics of phytate-zinc balance of fungi fermented cassava products (gari and flour). Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2003;58(3):1–7. .
  • 43. FAO/WHO. Codex standard for Edible cassava flour-African Regional standard. West Africa [Internet]. FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. 2017.

PROXIMATE, PHYTOCHEMICALS, MINERALS, AND ANTINUTRITIONAL CONTENTS OF FICUS THONNINGII SEED

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 793 - 800, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1072541

Abstract

The proximate, phytochemicals, minerals, and anti-nutritional content of Ficus thonningii seed obtained from Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria were investigated. The proximate analysis revealed that the seed is abundant in ash (8.36 ± 0.77 %), protein (27.52 ± 0.17 %) and carbohydrate (40.02%) but contains low moisture (8.76 ± 0.06 %) and fibre (2.81 ± 0.09 %). The minerals analysis showed very high quantities of Ca (2067.50mg/100g), P (1985.40mg/100g), Mg (1184.10mg/100g), K (918.30mg/100g) S (192.50mg/100g), Al (236.60mg/100g), Fe (434.10mg/100g), Mn (39.30mg/100g), Cu (57.40mg/100g), and Zn (63.60mg/100g), Co (1.2mg/100g), Mo (1.10mg/100g) and Sn (3.40mg/100g). Phytochemicals analysis revealed that it contains more flavonoids (6.13 ± 0.02 g/100g) and phenolics (8.77 ± 0.01g/100g) than Saponins (1.73 ± 0.02 g/100g), tannins (4.37 ± 0.06 g/100g) and alkaloids (0.62 ± 0.01 g/100g). The study has shown that Ficus thonningii seed is highly nutritive with very high mineral content and low quantities of anti-nutrients which make it a good source of food for humans and animals. It also contains biologically active phytochemicals which could have medicinal uses.

References

  • 1. Salvi J, Katewa S. A review: underutilized wild edible plants as a potential source of alternative nutrition. Int J Bot Stud. 2016;1(4):32–6.
  • 2. Ugoeze KC, Ehianeta, T, Alaribe, C, Anyakora, C. Analysis and identification of oils from seed extract of Anthonotha macrophylla using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Afr J Biotechnol. 2014 May 28;13(22):2260–4. .
  • 3. Ikhuoria EU, Aiwonegbe AE, Okoli P, Idu M. Characteristics and Composition of African Oil Bean Seed (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth). J of Applied Sciences. 2008 Mar 15;8(7):1337–9. .
  • 4. Feyssa DH, Njoka JT, Asfaw Z, Nyangito MM. Wild Edible Fruits of Importance for Human Nutrition in Semiarid Parts of East Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: Associated Indigenous Knowledge and Implications to Food Security. Pakistan J of Nutrition. 2010 Dec 15;10(1):40–50. .
  • 5. Ajayi IA. Physicochemical attributes of oils from seeds of different plants in Nigeria. Bull Chem Soc Eth. 2010 Mar 17;24(1):145–9. .
  • 6. Seidu KT, Osundahunsi O, Olaleye M, Oluwalana I. Chemical composition, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potentials of lima bean seeds coat. Annals of Food Science and Technology. 2014;15(2):288–98.
  • 7. Tegegne D. Importance of Ficus thonningii Blume in Soil Fertility Improvement and Animal Nutrition in Gondar Zuria, Ethiopia [Internet] [Master of Science Thesis]. [Vienna, Austria]: University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Science; 2008.
  • 8. Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Anthony S. Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide [Internet]. Agroforestree Database. 2009.
  • 9. Balehegn M, Hintsa K. Effect of maturity on chemical composition of edible parts of Ficus thonningii Blume (Moraceae): an indigenous multipurpose fodder tree in Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2015;27(12):1–8.
  • 10. Jokthan GE, Afikwu EV, Olugbemi TS. The Utilization of Fig (Ficus thonningii) and Mango (Mangifera indica) Leaves by Rabbits. Pakistan J of Nutrition. 2003 Jun 15;2(4):264–6. .
  • 11. Adungbe Bamikole M, Julius Ikhatua U. Nutritional evaluation of Ficus thonningii‐Panicum maximum mixtures in West African dwarf goats. Nutrition & Food Science. 2010 May 25;40(3):280–8. .
  • 12. Ogunwande IA, Sonibare MA, Thang TD, Dung NX, Soladoye MO, Morohunfolu OO. Comparative Analysis of the Oils of Three Ficus Species from Nigeria. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2008 Sep;20(5):386–9. .
  • 13. Tegbe TSB, Adeyinka IA, Baye KD, Alawa JP. Evaluation of Feeding Graded Levels of Dried and Milled Ficus thonningii Leaves on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Organs of Weaner Rabbits. Pakistan J of Nutrition. 2006 Oct 15;5(6):548–50. .
  • 14. Olisakwe H, Ikpambese K, Ipilakyaa T, Ekengwu I. The Inhibitive Effect of Ficus Thonningii Leaves Extract in 1m HCL Solution as Corrosion Inhibitors on Mild Steel. Int J Innov Sci Res Tech. 2022;7(1):769–76.
  • 15. Nawaz H, Waheed R, Nawaz M. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Medicinal Significance of Ficus. In: Kahramanoglu I, Ebru Kafkas N, Küden A, Çömlekçioğlu S, editors. Modern Fruit Industry [Internet]. IntechOpen; 2020 [cited 2022 May 12]. ISBN: 978-1-78984-730.
  • 16. Ndukwe, I G, Bello, A I, Habila, J D, et al. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of the crude petroleum spirit and methanol extracts of the stem bark, leaves and roots of Ficus thoningii (blume). Afr J Biotechnol. 2007 Dec 31;6(23):2645–9. .
  • 17. Oyelere SF, Tunwagun DA, Bamikunle MV, Ayoade TE, Adebayo TA, Oluwatola BS, et al. Phytochemical analysis of Ficus thonningii: A qualitative study. JMHE. 2021 Jul 17;47–51. .
  • 18. Adane H, Atnafie SA, Kifle ZD, Ambikar D. Evaluation of In Vivo Antiulcer Activity of Hydro-Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Stem Bark of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) on Rodent Models. Hernandez LR, editor. BioMed Research International. 2021 Apr 9;2021:1–10. .
  • 19. Ijarotimi OS, Adeoti OA, Ariyo O. Comparative study on nutrient composition, phytochemical, and functional characteristics of raw, germinated, and fermented Moringa oleifera seed flour. Food Sci Nutr. 2013 Nov;1(6):452–63. .
  • 20. Oluwaniyi O, Odebunmi E, Owolabi C. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the phytochemicals of Raphia hookeri and Raphia farinifera fruits. Science Focus. 2014;19(1):28–33.
  • 21. Oluwaniyi O, Bazambo I. Anti-nutritional and phytochemical evaluation of raw and fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds. Glo Jnl Pure Appl Sci. 2014 Dec 8;20(2):105–9. .
  • 22. Okoronkwo C, Ogwo P, Udensi E, Agu R. Nutritional and phytochemical composition of utu (Icacina senegalensis) and sycamore (Ficus sycomorus). seeds. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology. 2014;8(7):49–53.
  • 23. Okoye C, Ibeto C, Ihedioha J. Preliminary studies on the characterization of orange seed and pawpaw seed oils. American Journal of Food Technology. 2011;6(5):422–6.
  • 24. Abd El-Aziz A, Abd El-Kalek H. Antimicrobial proteins and oil seeds from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). Nature and Science. 2011;9(3):105–19.
  • 25. Ojieh G, Ogunlowo Y. Compositional Studies of Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) seeds. The internet journal of Nutrition and wellness. 2008;6:25–31. .
  • 26. Mirjana M, Ksenija P. Characteristics and Composition of Melon Seed Oil. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2005;50:41–7.
  • 27. Bhargava A, Kumbhare V, Srivastava A, Sahai A. Bamboo parts and seeds for additional source of nutrition. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 1996;33(2):145–6.
  • 28. Siddhuraju P, Vijayakumari K, Janardhanan K. Chemical Composition and Protein Quality of the Little-Known Legume, Velvet Bean ( Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.). J Agric Food Chem. 1996 Jan 1;44(9):2636–41. .
  • 29. Mune Mune MA, Rene Minka S, Lape Mbome I, Etoa FX. Nutritional Potential of Bambara Bean Protein Concentrate. Pakistan J of Nutrition. 2011 Jan 15;10(2):112–9. .
  • 30. Adetuyi F, Osagie A. Nutrient, antinutrient, mineral and zinc bioavailability of okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench Variety. AJFN. 2011 Apr;1(2):49–54. .
  • 31. Butt MS, Batool R. Nutritional and Functional Properties of Some Promising Legumes Protein Isolates. Pakistan J of Nutrition. 2010 Mar 15;9(4):373–9. .
  • 32. Niemann D, Butterworth D, Niemann C. Nutrition-Winc. Brown Publication Dubuque USA. 1992;237–312.
  • 33. Akajiaku L, Nwosu J, Onuegbu N, Njoku N, Egbeneke C. Proximate, Mineral and An ti-nutrient Composition of Processed (Soaked and Roasted) Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Seed nut. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2014 Dec 31;2(3):136–45. .
  • 34. Laires MJ. Role of cellular magnesium in health and human disease. Front Biosci. 2004;9(1–3):262. .
  • 35. Lukaski HC, Johnson PE, Bolonchuk WW, Lykken GI. Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1985 Apr 1;41(4):810–7. .
  • 36. Nimni ME, Han B, Cordoba F. Are we getting enough sulfur in our diet? Nutr Metab (Lond). 2007;4(1):24. .
  • 37. Aremu M, Awala E, Opaluwa O, Odoh R, Bamidele T. Effect of Processing on Nutritional Composition of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) and Mesquite Bean (Prosopis africana) Seeds. Commun Appl Sci. 2015;3(1):22–41. .
  • 38. Khursid SJ, Qureshi IH. The role of inorganic elements in the human body. Nucleus. 1984;21(4):3–23.
  • 39. Kim D, Bae E, Han M, Choo M, Park E, Park J. Novel use of the extract of processed panax genus plant and saponin compound isolated there from. US Patent Application.2003/0190377 A1.
  • 40. Hooper L, Kroon PA, Rimm EB, Cohn JS, Harvey I, Le Cornu KA, et al. Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008 Jul 1;88(1):38–50. .
  • 41. Amić D, Davidović-Amić D, Bešlo D, Trinajstić N. Structure-Radical Scavenging Activity Relationships of Flavonoids. Croatica Chemica Acta. 2003;76(1):55-61.
  • 42. Oboh G, Akindahunsi AA, Oshodi AA. Dynamics of phytate-zinc balance of fungi fermented cassava products (gari and flour). Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2003;58(3):1–7. .
  • 43. FAO/WHO. Codex standard for Edible cassava flour-African Regional standard. West Africa [Internet]. FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. 2017.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Chemical Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hamza Muhammad 0000-0002-7947-9661

Omolara Oluwaniyi

Publication Date August 31, 2022
Submission Date February 12, 2022
Acceptance Date May 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Muhammad H, Oluwaniyi O. PROXIMATE, PHYTOCHEMICALS, MINERALS, AND ANTINUTRITIONAL CONTENTS OF FICUS THONNINGII SEED. JOTCSA. 2022;9(3):793-800.