RIGHT POPULISM IN EUROPE: THE CASE OF PARTY FOR FREEDOM IN NETHERLANDS

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 61 - 74, 13.10.2023

Deniz Yağız Candaş Can

Abstract

Although populism is used in many countries of the world to describe political actors with completely different ideological characteristics, it is considered an ambiguous and ambiguous concept. Populist movements have influenced Europe since the 1990s, and right and left populist parties in Europe are now reaching significant vote rates. Right-wing populist parties in Europe; It is generally labeled with xenophobia, racism, anti-elitism, and intolerance towards other religions. Today, one of the most important examples of right-wing populist politics is the Freedom Party (PVV) operating in the Netherlands. This party, which was founded in 2006 and has no members other than its Chairman Geert Wilders, unlike other populist parties, does not engage in anti-Semitism and is even supported by the State of Israel and Jewish lobbies. It is seen that PVV is discriminatory in terms of anti-immigrant sentiment, and this party positions itself especially on anti-Islamism. In this study, the concepts of populism and right-wing populism are first questioned and then a historical evaluation of populism in the Netherlands is made, aiming to analyze the distinctive features of the PVV and the political discourses of Chairman Wilders.

Keywords

Populism, right populism, Netherlands, Party for Freedom, Geert Wilders

AVRUPA’DA SAĞ POPÜLİZM: HOLLANDA’DA ÖZGÜRLÜK PARTİSİ ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

Popülizm, dünyanın birçok ülkesinde ideolojik açıdan birbirinden tamamen farklı özelliklere sahip siyasi aktörleri tarif etmek amacıyla kullanılsa da müphem ve muğlak bir kavram olarak değerlendirilir. Popülist hareketler, 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren Avrupa’yı etkisi altına almıştır ve Avrupa’daki sağ ve sol popülist partiler günümüzde önemli oy oranlarına ulaşmaktadırlar. Avrupa’da sağ popülist partiler; genel olarak yabancı düşmanlığı, ırkçılık, elit karşıtlığı ve diğer dinlere karşı tahammülsüzlük özellikleriyle etiketlenir. Günümüzde sağ popülist siyasetin en önemli örneklerinden birini Hollanda’da faaliyet gösteren Özgürlük Partisi (PVV) oluşturur. 2006’da kurulan ve Genel Başkanı Geert Wilders haricinde üyesi bulunmayan bu parti, diğer popülist partilerden farklı olarak, Yahudi karşıtlığı yapmamakta ve hatta İsrail Devleti ve Yahudi lobileri tarafından desteklenmektedir. PVV’nin göçmen karşıtlığı hususunda ayrımcı davrandığı görülür ki bu parti kendisini bilhassa İslam karşıtlığı üzerinde konumlandırır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle popülizm ve sağ popülizm kavramları sorgulanmakta ve devamında Hollanda’da popülizmin tarihsel bir değerlendirilmesi yapılarak PVV’nin belirgin özellikleri ve Genel Başkan Wilders’ın siyasi söylemlerinin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır

Keywords

Popülizm, sağ popülizm, Hollanda, Özgürlük Partisi, Geert Wilders

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