Yeni Nesil Nükleotid Dizileme Metotlarının Biyokimyasal Temelleri

Year 2017, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 1 - 15, 01.01.2017

İsmail Akyol , Mehmet Ali Yıldız Esen Tutar

Abstract

Sanger ve Maxam-Gilbert dizileme metotları birinci nesil dizileme olarak ifade edilmektedir. Zincir sonlandırma yaklaşımı ile dizileme yaygın olarak kullanılmış ve ilk genom projesi olan insan genomu bu yöntem ile tamamlanmıştır. Ancak metodun hız, kolaylık ve maliyet açılarından sınırlamaları bulunmaktadır. Yeni nesil dizileme yaklaşımları çok sayıda paralel analiz, yüksek verimlilik ve düşük maliyetler açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu derlemede, yeni nesil dizileme işlemleri için gerekli olan yeterli miktarda ışımayı sağlayacak kalıp DNA amplifikasyonunun yapıldığı Emülsiyon PCR yaklaşımı açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca yeni nesil dizileme yaklaşımları; piro dizileme, dönüştürülebilir terminatör dizileme, ligasyon yaklaşımlı dizileme, nanopor dizileme ve yarı iletken dizileme yaklaşımlarının biyokimyasal temelleri açıklanmıştır.   

Anahtar kelimeler: emülsiyon PCR, piro dizileme, dönüştürülebilir terminatör dizileme, ligasyon dizileme, nanopor dizileme, yarı iletken dizileme      

 

Biochemical Basis of New Generation Nucleotide Sequencing Methods

 

ABSTRACT : Sanger and Maxam-Gilbert sequencing methods are pronounced as the first generation sequencing. Chain termination sequencing approach is widely used and the first human genome project was completed by this method. However, this method has certain limitations especially in terms of speed, ease of use and cost. New generation sequencing approaches are important thanks to their capacity to work with many parallels, high efficiency and low cost. In this review, emulsion PCR approach, which is required for the amplification of template DNA so that it can produce sufficient amount of emission on the next generation sequencing, is described. Moreover, biochemical basis of the new generation sequencing approaches; pyro sequencing, reversible terminator sequencing, ligation sequencing, nanopore sequencing and semiconductor sequencing, are also described. 

Key words: emulsion PCR, pyrosequencing, reversible terminator sequencing, ligation sequencing, nanopore sequencing, semiconductor sequencing

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