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Evaluation of a Bovine Rapid Visual PAG ELISA Test and Transabdominal Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Awassi Sheep

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 5, 1366 - 1372, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.668707

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate two different methods (a bovine rapid visual PAG ELISA test and transabdominal ultrasonography) for early diagnosis of pregnancy in Awassi sheep. The ewes used in this study (n=50) were hand-mated in June of 2019 and lambed in October of 2019. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 34-38 days after mating by rapid visual PAG ELISA test and transabdominal ultrasonography in standing position. The diagnostic test characteristics of both methods were calculated using lambing results as a gold standard. Kappa analysis was conducted to analyze the agreement between each pregnancy diagnosis method and the lambing results. McNemar's analysis and the comparison of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the pregnancy diagnosis methods and lambing results (p ≤ 0.05). According to the lambing results, it was determined that, of the 50 ewes, 42 (84%) were pregnant and 8 (16%) were not. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of rapid visual PAG ELISA and transabdominal ultrasonography were 97.6%, 62.5%, 93.2%, 83.3%, 92% and 95.2%, 100%, 100%, 80%, 96%, respectively. The Kappa coefficient was 0.669 (good agreement) between rapid visual PAG ELISA and lambing, and 0.865 (very good agreement) between transabdominal ultrasonography and lambing. In McNemar’s analysis, no difference was found between the pregnancy diagnosis methods and lambing results. ROC analysis revealed that the areas under the curves were 0.801 and 0.976 for rapid visual PAG ELISA and transabdominal ultrasonography, respectively, and the difference between the two pregnancy diagnosis methods was statistically insignificant. In conclusion, both rapid visual PAG ELISA and transabdominal ultrasonography in standing position proved to be practical and reliable methods for pregnancy diagnosis as of day 34 post-mating in Awassi ewes.

Thanks

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

References

  • Akköse M, Cebi-Sen C 2019. Sütçü sığırlarda erken gebelik tanısı. Hayvansal Üretim, 60(2):171-179. https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.458620
  • Akkose M, Cebi-Sen C, Kirmit A, Korkmaz O, Yazlik MO, Gocen M, Kuru M, Akçay E 2019. Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) and progesterone concentrations in Holstein heifers following two methods of estrus syncronization. Veterinaria México OA, 6(2):1-11. https://doi.10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2019.2.646
  • Alkan H, Kivrak MB, Satilmis F, Tekindal MA, Dinc DA 2019. Detection of twin pregnancies in ewes by pregnancy-associated glycoprotein assay and transabdominal ultrasonography. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, In Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106399
  • Aziz DM, Lazim EH 2012. Transabdominal ultrasonography in standing position for pregnancy diagnosis in Awassi ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 107:131–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.05.007
  • Chaves CMS, Costa RLD, Duarte KMR, Machado DC, Paz CCP, Beltrame RT 2017. Visual ELISA for detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in ewe serum. Theriogenology, 97:78–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.026
  • Chaves CMS, da Costa RLD, Duarte KMR, Beltrame RT, Quirino CR 2019. Evaluation of a cattle rapid test for early pregnancy diagnosis in sheep. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2019:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02130-7
  • Gonzalez F, Sulon J, Garbayo JM, Batista M, Cabrera F, Calero P, Gracia A, Beckers JF 1999. Early pregnancy diagnosis in goats by determination of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentrations in plasma samples. Theriogenology, 52:717-725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02130-7
  • Jones AK, Gately RE, McFadden KK, Zinn SA, Govoni KE, Reed SA 2016. Transabdominal ultrasound for detection of pregnancy, fetal and placental landmarks, and fetal age before day 45 of gestation in the sheep. Theriogenology, 85:939–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.11.002
  • Kandemir Ç, Adanacıoğlu H, Taşkın T, Koşum N 2019. Türkiye’de koyun ve koyun eti fiyatlarının bölgelere göre çok boyutlu ölçekleme analizi ile karşılaştırılması. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 16(2):315-327. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.529109
  • Karen A, Kovács P, Beckers JF, Szenci O 2001. Pregnancy dagnosis in sheep: Review of the most practical methods. Acta Veterinaria. Brno, 70:115–126. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200170020115
  • Roberts J, May K, Ajani O, Kaneene J 2019. A comparison of pregnancy diagnosis methods in commercial sheep using lambing as a gold standard. Clinical Theriogenology. 11:107-113.
  • Rovani MT, Cezar AS, Rigo ML, Gasperin BZ, Nobrega Júnior JE, Torres FD, Gonçalves, PBD, Ferreira R 2016. Evaluation of a bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for serological diagnosis of pregnancy in sheep. Ciencia Rural. 46:362-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150270
  • Sousa NM, Ayad A, Beckers JF, Gajewski Z 2006. Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) as pregnancy markers in the ruminants. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57(Supp 8):153171.
  • Steckeler P, Weber F, Zerbe H, Rieger A, Voigt K 2018. Evaluation of a bovine visual pregnancy test for the detection of pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins in sheep. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 54:280-288. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13356
  • Uçar U, Köse M, Atlı MO 2018. Konya Merinosu koyunlarda gebelik ilişkili glikoproteinlerin gebelikteki plazma profili ve erken gebelik tanısında kullanılabilirliği. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11:77-82.
  • Ulusoy H, Kaymaz M 2009. Koyunlarda gebelik tanısı. Veteriner Hekimleri Derneği Dergisi, 80(1):31-36.
  • Xie S, Low RC, Nagel RJ, Kramer KK, Anthony RV, Zoli AP, Beckers JF, Roberts RM 1991. Identification of the major pregnancy-specific antigens of cattle and sheep as inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88(22):10247-10251. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.22.10247
  • Yağanoğlu AM, Topal M 2018. Morkaraman-İvesi ve Tuj ırkı koyunlarda gebelik testlerinin roc analizi ile karşılaştırılması. Alınteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 33:29-36. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.347633

İvesi Koyunlarında Gebeliğin Erken Teşhisi İçin Sığır Hızlı Görsel PAG ELISA Testi ve Transabdominal Ultrasonografinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 5, 1366 - 1372, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.668707

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İvesi koyunlarında erken gebelik teşhisi için iki farklı yöntemi (bir sığır hızlı görsel PAG ELISA testi ve transabdominal ultrasonografi) değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada kullanılan koyunlar (n=50), Haziran 2019'da elde aşım yöntemi ile koça verildi ve Kasım 2019'da kuzuladı. Gebelik teşhisi, aşımdan 34–38 gün sonra hızlı görsel PAG ELISA ve ayakta transabdominal ultrasonografi ile yapıldı. Kuzulama sonuçları referans alınarak her iki gebelik testinin tanısal test özellikleri hesaplandı. Her bir gebelik teşhisi yönteminin kuzulama sonuçlarıyla uyumlarını analiz etmek için kappa analizi gerçekleştirildi. Her bir gebelik teşhisi yöntemi ile kuzulama sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığını belirlemek için McNemar’ analizi ve ROC eğrileri karşılaştırması kullanıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p ≤ 0,05 olarak belirlendi. Kuzulama sonucuna göre 50 koyunun 42’sinin (% 84) gebe olduğu, 8’inin (%16) ise gebe olmadığı belirlendi. Hızlı görsel PAG ELISA’nın duyarlılığı, özgüllüğü, pozitif prediktif değeri, negatif prediktif değeri ve doğruluğu sırasıyla%97.6, %62.5, %93.2, %83.3 ve %92 iken; transabdominal ultrasonografinin %95.2, %100, %100, %80, %96’ydı. Kappa katsayıları hızlı görsel PAG ELISA ve kuzulama sonucu arasında 0,669 (iyi uyum); transabdominal ultrasonografi ve kuzulama sonucu arasında 0,865’ti (çok iyi uyum). McNemar’ analizinde her iki gebelik teşhis yöntemi ile kuzulama sonuçları arasında farklılık belirlenmedi. ROC analizinde hızlı görsel PAG ELISA ve transabdominal ultrasonografinin eğri altında kalan alanlarının sırasıyla 0,801 ve 0,976 olduğu ve iki gebelik teşhis yöntemi arasında eğri altında kalan alan farkının önemli olmadığı belirlendi. Sonuç olarak İvesi koyunlarında, sığırlar için önerilen hızlı görsel PAG ELISA ve ayakta transabdominal ultrasonografi, aşımdan sonraki 34’üncü günden itibaren gebelik teşhisi için pratik ve güvenilir yöntemlerdir.

References

  • Akköse M, Cebi-Sen C 2019. Sütçü sığırlarda erken gebelik tanısı. Hayvansal Üretim, 60(2):171-179. https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.458620
  • Akkose M, Cebi-Sen C, Kirmit A, Korkmaz O, Yazlik MO, Gocen M, Kuru M, Akçay E 2019. Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) and progesterone concentrations in Holstein heifers following two methods of estrus syncronization. Veterinaria México OA, 6(2):1-11. https://doi.10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2019.2.646
  • Alkan H, Kivrak MB, Satilmis F, Tekindal MA, Dinc DA 2019. Detection of twin pregnancies in ewes by pregnancy-associated glycoprotein assay and transabdominal ultrasonography. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, In Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106399
  • Aziz DM, Lazim EH 2012. Transabdominal ultrasonography in standing position for pregnancy diagnosis in Awassi ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 107:131–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.05.007
  • Chaves CMS, Costa RLD, Duarte KMR, Machado DC, Paz CCP, Beltrame RT 2017. Visual ELISA for detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in ewe serum. Theriogenology, 97:78–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.026
  • Chaves CMS, da Costa RLD, Duarte KMR, Beltrame RT, Quirino CR 2019. Evaluation of a cattle rapid test for early pregnancy diagnosis in sheep. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2019:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02130-7
  • Gonzalez F, Sulon J, Garbayo JM, Batista M, Cabrera F, Calero P, Gracia A, Beckers JF 1999. Early pregnancy diagnosis in goats by determination of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentrations in plasma samples. Theriogenology, 52:717-725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02130-7
  • Jones AK, Gately RE, McFadden KK, Zinn SA, Govoni KE, Reed SA 2016. Transabdominal ultrasound for detection of pregnancy, fetal and placental landmarks, and fetal age before day 45 of gestation in the sheep. Theriogenology, 85:939–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.11.002
  • Kandemir Ç, Adanacıoğlu H, Taşkın T, Koşum N 2019. Türkiye’de koyun ve koyun eti fiyatlarının bölgelere göre çok boyutlu ölçekleme analizi ile karşılaştırılması. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 16(2):315-327. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.529109
  • Karen A, Kovács P, Beckers JF, Szenci O 2001. Pregnancy dagnosis in sheep: Review of the most practical methods. Acta Veterinaria. Brno, 70:115–126. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200170020115
  • Roberts J, May K, Ajani O, Kaneene J 2019. A comparison of pregnancy diagnosis methods in commercial sheep using lambing as a gold standard. Clinical Theriogenology. 11:107-113.
  • Rovani MT, Cezar AS, Rigo ML, Gasperin BZ, Nobrega Júnior JE, Torres FD, Gonçalves, PBD, Ferreira R 2016. Evaluation of a bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for serological diagnosis of pregnancy in sheep. Ciencia Rural. 46:362-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150270
  • Sousa NM, Ayad A, Beckers JF, Gajewski Z 2006. Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) as pregnancy markers in the ruminants. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57(Supp 8):153171.
  • Steckeler P, Weber F, Zerbe H, Rieger A, Voigt K 2018. Evaluation of a bovine visual pregnancy test for the detection of pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins in sheep. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 54:280-288. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13356
  • Uçar U, Köse M, Atlı MO 2018. Konya Merinosu koyunlarda gebelik ilişkili glikoproteinlerin gebelikteki plazma profili ve erken gebelik tanısında kullanılabilirliği. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11:77-82.
  • Ulusoy H, Kaymaz M 2009. Koyunlarda gebelik tanısı. Veteriner Hekimleri Derneği Dergisi, 80(1):31-36.
  • Xie S, Low RC, Nagel RJ, Kramer KK, Anthony RV, Zoli AP, Beckers JF, Roberts RM 1991. Identification of the major pregnancy-specific antigens of cattle and sheep as inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88(22):10247-10251. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.22.10247
  • Yağanoğlu AM, Topal M 2018. Morkaraman-İvesi ve Tuj ırkı koyunlarda gebelik testlerinin roc analizi ile karşılaştırılması. Alınteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 33:29-36. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.347633
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Mehmet Akköse 0000-0001-7517-4927

Publication Date October 31, 2020
Submission Date December 31, 2019
Acceptance Date April 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020Volume: 23 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Akköse, M. (2020). Evaluation of a Bovine Rapid Visual PAG ELISA Test and Transabdominal Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Awassi Sheep. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 23(5), 1366-1372. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.668707


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