Güvenlik Paradigmasının Dönüşümü ve 21.Yüzyılda Uluslararası Güvenliğin Yeni Gündemi

Year 2024, Issue: 113, 143 - 170, 20.03.2024

Orhan Çifçi

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1335666

Abstract

21. Yüzyılda uluslararası güvenliğin gündemi küresel politikada yaşanan gelişmeler çerçevesinde bütünüyle yeni bir görünüm kazanmıştır. Uzun yıllardır realizm merkezli ve geleneksel bir yorumlamayla devlet egemenliği ve askerî güç bağlamında değerlendirilen uluslararası güvenlik Soğuk Savaş’ın sonuyla beraber bir paradigma değişimi geçirerek devletin yanında birey güvenliği, göç, salgın hastalıklar, ulus ötesi suçlar, etnik çatışmalar ve diğer birçok konunun öncelik verildiği bir alana evrilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, güvenlik kavramına ilişkin paradigma değişimine ve ortaya çıkan yeni tehdit formlarıyla 21. yüzyılda uluslararası güvenliğin gündemine açıklık getirmektir. Bu çerçevede, çalışmada ilk olarak uluslararası güvenlik teorileri arasındaki tartışmalar ekseninde güvenlik paradigmasının dönüşümü açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın devamında, mevcut güvenlik gündeminin en önemli üç maddesi olarak sınıflandırılabilecek liberal uluslararası düzenin krizi ve düzenin devamlılığına karşı ortaya çıkan tehditler, teknoloji-güvenlik ilişkisi ve çevresel tehdit konularının 21. yüzyılda uluslararası güvenliğin gündemini nasıl ve hangi yönleriyle şekillendirdiği tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Uluslararası Güvenlik, Güvenlik Paradigması, Liberal Uluslararası Düzen, Teknoloji, Çevresel Tehditler

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